髁状突游离再植治疗颞下颌关节髁突颈部骨折的临床研究

目的:探讨髁状突游离再植重建颞下颌关节治疗髁突颈部骨折的方法与疗效.方法:15例17侧髁突颈部骨折患者行髁状突游离再植鈦板复位固定的治疗,术后定期复查患者颞下颌关节功能和X线片检查.结果:患者术区伤口均一期愈合,追踪1～5年颞下颌关节无疼痛、弹响及明显功能障碍,2例面神经颞支有影响,1例轻度错牙合畸形. 结论:本法操作简单易行、复位准确、固定可靠,并发症少,适用于移位的髁突颈部骨折.     

肋骨肋软骨移植重建颞下颌关节的临床研究

目的：探讨颞下颌关节真性强直的手术治疗和预防术后的复发。方法：采用自体肋骨肋软骨移植对32例颞下颌关节真性强直患者进行了关节重建术，术后通过测量张口度，计算手术前后张口度的差值、下颌前伸和侧向运动范围，以及颞下颌关节x线片检查等，综合评价手术治疗效果。结果：32例随访1～12年术前后张口度的差值均在2．0cm以上，效果优良，重建关节无骨质吸收，咬合关系良好，下颌具有前伸和侧向运动功能，无复发。结论：自体肋骨肋软骨移植的颞下颌关节重建术是治疗颞下颌关节真性强直的一种较理想方法。     

Costochondral Graft as Interpositional material for TMJ Ankylosis in Children: A Clinical Study

Abstract

TMJ ankylosis is one of the most disruptive anomaly that affects the masticatory system. The inability to move the mandible has significant functional ramification, such as the inability to eat a normal diet. Additionally, speech is affected, making it difficult for some individuals to communicate and express themselves to others. As there are several biologic and anatomic similarities to the mandibular condyles, autogenous costochondral grafts have been considered to be the most acceptable tissue for temporomandibular joint reconstruction. In addition donor site complications are infrequent and regeneration of the rib usually occurs within a year post operatively in children.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of costochondral grafts to replace the mandibular condyles and to assess the position, growth, overgrowth, function, success, failure and resorption of costochondral grafts.

Materials and Methods

Ten TMJ ankylosis patients were operated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly. Out of the 10 cases 6 were male patients and 4 female patients in age group of ≤14 years; of which 8 patients were of unilateral TMJ ankylosis and 2 were of bilateral TMJ ankylosis. All ten patients underwent interpositional gap arthroplasty with reconstruction of the condyle by costochondral graft.

Results

All patients with costochondral grafts had improved mandibular symmetry and growth with adequate mouth opening.

Conclusion

This study indicates that using costochondral grafts to reconstruct TMJ ankylosis in children provides a good result.     

髁状突假体在下颌骨缺损重建中的应用

目的探讨髁状突假体在治疗下颌骨缺损中提高患者下颌骨功能，恢复面部外形的临床应用价值。方法7例良性肿瘤所致下颌骨单侧缺损采用髁状突假体置换术重建颞下颌关节。结果患者手术创伤小，随访1．5-4．0年。颞下颌关节功能均明显改善，开口度增大、关节区无疼痛，面形基本正常。结论髁状突假体是颞下颌关节重建的一种有效方法。     

髁部骨折小夹板内固定术后复位及固定效果的评析

目的：评价坚固内固定技术在髁部骨折手术治疗中的价值。方法：回顾性分析24例单侧髁部骨折小夹板内固定治疗术后病人不同时期拍摄的X线片，观察术后6个月内复位准确性及固位稳定性情况。结果：大多数病人获得了良好的复位及稳定的固位。结论：髁突骨折解剖复位是可能的，坚固内固定治疗方法较少发生术后骨折片段的移位，且只有较小程度的位置改变。     

Intra-articular ramus ostectomy combined with costochondral grafting for the treatment of recurrent ankylosis of the mandible

PURPOSE: This report seeks to demonstrate a technique for treating recurrent ankylosis of the mandible by creating a functional false joint at a level distal to the original joint. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study involving patients treated between 1999 and 2003. Under general anaesthesia the ramus was exposed via a submandibular approach and a block of bone was removed from it inferior to the sigmoid notch. Temporary intermaxillary fixation was applied. A costochondral graft was interposed between the resected ends of bone and secured with mini-plates. Postoperatively intermaxillary fixation was maintained for 3 days after which the jaw was actively mobilized. RESULTS: The technique was used in the treatment of six patients with recurrent ankylosis of the mandible ranging in age from 9 to 38 years. Follow-up was between 1 and 4 years. All the patients had a satisfactory interincisal opening ranging from 25 to 35 mm. CONCLUSION: The technique does not require the exposure of the ankylosed joint proper but instead creates a false and functional joint at a lower level. It also permits lengthening and advancement of the mandible.     

穿腮腺入路治疗髁颈及髁突基底部骨折

目的：探讨穿腮腺入路治疗髁颈及髁突基底部的安全性及有效性。方法：对15例（21侧）髁颈及髁突基底部骨折患者选择穿腮腺入路切开复位内固定术。结果：15例患者,21例侧髁突骨折行手术治疗。19例侧髁突骨折选择2块接骨板固定,2例侧选择1块接骨板固定。所有患者伤口均一期愈合,术后复查全口曲面断层片或三维CT示骨折断端对位良好。除1例患侧后牙暂时性轻度开外,所有患者咬合关系恢复良好。术后1个月复查,张口度32～45mm（平均38mm）。3例侧出现面神经损伤症状,术后3个月内均恢复正常,无1例出现永久性面瘫。所有患者均未出现涎瘘、感染等并发症。结论：相对于髁突骨折的颌后及颌下入路,穿腮腺入路行髁突骨折切开复位内固定术,容易暴露,可直视下完成骨折复位固定,是治疗髁颈和髁突基底部骨折安全有效的手术入路。     

Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint: report of 2 patients whose joints were reconstructed with costochondral graft and alloplastic prosthesis

Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare, and only about 100 cases have been reported. Among these, intracranial extension was reported in only 9. Although some patterns of clinical presentation and evolution, synovial histological changes, and diagnosis by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have been described, there is little information about surgical treatment. We report two new cases that focus particularly on reconstruction with costochondral graft and alloplastic TMJ prosthesis. We report what is to our knowledge the youngest reported case of synovial chondromatosis of the TMJ, which is also the tenth reported case with extension into the middle cranial fossa.     

Deep circumflex iliac artery flap combined with a costochondral graft for mandibular reconstruction

Our aim was to use the deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap together with a costochondral graft as a safe and reliable bone flap for routine reconstruction of the mandibular body and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Five patients with benign tumours of the mandible had segmental mandibulectomy including the condyle, and this was reconstructed in one stage using the DCIA combined with a constochondral graft. The rib was inserted into the iliac crest as a whole transplant, and fixed to the proximal stump of the mandible with a prebent reconstruction plate according to a computer-aided design. The grafts healed uneventfully, and dental implants were inserted in 4 cases. During the 2-year follow-up these patients had good mandibular function, including mouth opening, force of bite, and occlusion. The radiographs showed good bony consolidation between the graft and the stump of the mandible and function of the TMJ.A DCIA flap combined with a costochondral graft is a safe and reliable way to provide not only a large bulk of bone to suit the mandible, but also good function of the TMJ in the absence of radiotherapy.     

Evaluation of Fractured Condylar Head Along the Sagittal Plane: Report of Three Cases

There are case reports of sagittal fractures of the condylar head leading to bifid condyle. However bifid condyles maybe found in patients with no history of trauma. A split in the saggital plane of the condyle is not visible with a lateral, oblique or panaromic radiographs but only with anteriorposterior, transorbital projections or CT scan of the temperomandibular joint. The chances of condyle being split in the sagittal plane may be due to the medial pole extending beyond the condylar neck, moreover the condyle is composed of cancellous bone covered by a thin layer of cortical bone. Here we are presenting three case reports of Saggital split condyles and stress the need for inclusion of these type of fractures in the classification of condylar fractures.     

肋骨肋软骨移植在颞下颌关节重建中的应用进展

颞下颌关节疾病如骨折、强直、肿瘤等,常会造成髁突破坏或缺损,需进行颞下颌关节重建。目前,肋骨肋软骨移植已成为颞下颌关节重建的首选方法。20世纪20年代首次将肋骨肋软骨移植应用于颞下颌关节重建,之后诸多学者在肋骨肋软骨选择、术后肋软骨生长情况以及如何减少手术创伤等方面做了大量研究。本文主要从以上几个方面,对肋骨肋软骨移植重建颞下颌关节的现状作一综述。     

Strategies to reduce re-ankylosis in temporomandibular joint ankylosis patients

The purpose of the study was to define a protocol for the prevention of re-ankylosis after surgical management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA). The investigators designed a retrospective study on all TMJA patients treated with different treatment modalities from 2013 to 2019. The investigators observed that complete removal of the ankylotic mass particularly on the medial side; use of a piezoelectric scalpel for a clean and smooth osteotomy with copious irrigation to remove bone chips and slurry; less trauma to the local tissue; osteotomy design parallel and inferior osteotomy at the narrowest part, which mostly corresponds to the condylar neck; performance of a coronoidectomy (if mouth opening is <30 mm), fat interposition; no intraoperative correction of any pre-existing chin deviation when treated with costochondral graft; patient motivation; and aggressive physiotherapy, and use of a vacuum drain are all important to prevent re-ankylosis, irrespective of the treatment modality. A total of 114 patients (n = 152 joints), [bilateral (n = 38), unilateral (n = 76)] were evaluated retrospectively. Interpositional arthroplasty with fat was performed in n = 43, CCG was used for reconstruction in n = 30 and total joint replacement (TJR) was done in n = 41 patients. Re-ankylosis was seen in n = 3 (2.6%) patients (2 in CCG and 1 patient in interpositional arthroplasty). The follow-up ranged from 12-80 months. The results conclude that following the suggested best practice protocol is effective in reducing re-ankylosis.