腹膜透析腹膜炎致病菌的耐药性分析

目的：探讨持续性非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）腹膜炎的致病菌及其耐药性。方法：回顾性分析117例CAPD膜腹炎的致病菌及其耐药物性。结果：31例培养阳性，透出液培养阳性率为26．5％，其中革兰阳性球菌11例，革兰阴性杆菌9例，真菌11例，所有革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素敏感，大部分（85．7％），对环丙沙星敏感；革兰阴性杆菌主要对阿米卡星（71．4％）、舒普深（83．3％）、亚胺培南（100％）敏感，庆大霉素耐药率为44．4％，结论：革兰阴性杆菌比例有所增加，革兰阳性球菌大部分对环沙星敏感，革兰阴性杆菌大部分对阿米卡星，舒普深，亚胺培南敏感，对传统使用的庆大霉素耐药率较高。     

不同透析频率对维持性血液透析患者感染的影响

目的 研究不同透析频率对维持性血液透析患者感染、转归的影响.方法 根据透析频率将53例慢性肾衰竭维持性血液透析患者分为三组:A组19例,每周透析3次;B组15例,每周透析2次;C组19例,每2周透析3次.记录透析1年内三组感染发生情况及死亡例数.结果 三组共发生感染62例次,A组17例次,B组18例次,C组27例次;感染部位依次为肺部35例次(56.45%)、血管通路14例次(22.58%)、尿路8例次(12.90%)和消化道5例次(8.06%).三组共死亡8例,病死率15.09%(8/53).A组死亡1例,B组死亡1例,C组死亡6例.三组预后比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.293,P<0.05).结论 透析频率低于2次/周的患者感染发生率高,病死率也高.应调整透析方案,增加透析频率.     

The adaptation problems of patients undergoing hemodialysis: socio-economic and clinical aspects

OBJECTIVES:

to identify adaptation problems under Roy''s Model in patients undergoing hemodialysis and to correlate them with the socioeconomic and clinical aspects.

METHOD:

a transversal study, undertaken using a questionnaire. The sample was made up of 178 individuals. The Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were undertaken.

RESULTS:

the adaptation problems and the socioeconomic and clinical aspects which presented statistical associations were: Hyperkalemia and age; Edema and income; Impairment of a primary sense: touch and income; Role failure and age; Sexual dysfunction and marital status and sex; Impairment of a primary sense: vision and years of education; Intolerance to activity and years of education; Chronic pain and sex and years of education; Impaired skin integrity and age: Hypocalcemia and access; Potential for injury and age and years of education; Nutrition below the organism''s requirements and age; Impairment of a primary sense: hearing and sex and kinetic evaluation of urea; Mobility in gait and/or coordination restricted, and months of hemodialysis; and, Loss of ability for self-care, and months of hemodialysis and months of illness.

CONCLUSION:

adaptation problems in the clientele undergoing hemodialysis can be influenced by socioeconomic/clinical data. These findings contribute to the development of the profession, fostering the nurse''s reflection regarding the care.     

Quality of nursing care and satisfaction of patients attended at a teaching hospital

Objectives

assess the quality of nursing care, the patients'' satisfaction and the correlation between both.

Method

cross-sectional study, involving 275 patients hospitalized at a teaching hospital in the Central-West of Brazil. The data were collected through the simultaneous application of three instruments. Next, they were included in an electronic database and analyzed in function of the positivity, median value and Spearman''s correlation coefficients.

Results

among the nursing care assessed, only two were considered safe - hygiene and physical comfort; nutrition and hydration - while the remainder were classified as poor. Nevertheless, the patients were satisfied with the care received in the domains assessed: technical-professional, confidence and educational. This can be justified by the weak to moderate correlation that was observed among these variables.

Conclusion

Despite the quality deficit, the patients'' satisfaction level with the nursing care received was high. These results indicate that the institution needs to center its objectives on a continuing evaluation system of the care quality, aiming to attend to the patients'' expectations.     

NLR与MLR对腹膜透析患者腹腔感染的诊断及预后评估价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(MLR)对腹膜透析患者腹腔感染的诊断及预后评估价值。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选择池州市人民医院肾脏内科2015年9月-2018年12月进行腹膜透析的患者416例为研究对象。收集患者透析前临床资料,连续随访观察至2019年12月31日。根据患者透析前NLR、MLR水平,分为NLR升高组、NLR正常组和MLR升高组、MLR正常组。采用Log-rank法比较其差异,诊断价值分析采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价NLR、MLR对患者腹腔透析期间发生腹膜炎的诊断价值。结果Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,NLR、MLR升高组患者首次透析至腹膜炎发生的时间缩短(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,NLR、MLR、NLR+MLR对于腹膜透析患者发生腹膜炎诊断的曲线下面积分别为0.715、0.749、0.831(P<0.05);多发性腹膜炎组基线NLR、MLR水平高于单发性腹膜炎组(P<0.05);因腹膜炎病死患者基线NLR、MLR水平高于存活患者(P<0.05)。结论基线NLR、MLR升高的腹膜透析患者较早发生腹膜炎,其水平对于腹膜炎发生具有预测价值,且对于判断是否为多发性感染及患者死亡具有一定意义。     

间歇性腹膜透析患者不同透析剂量的长期临床疗效观察

目的 比较长期使用不同腹膜透析剂量的间歇性腹膜透析(IPD)患者之间的临床疗效,探讨适合中国人的腹膜透析剂量和模式.方法 选自某院门诊或住院行腹膜透析5年以上的IPD患者52例,根据每天透析剂量分成A、B、C3组,监测并比较3组患者的透析充分性.采用Barthel指数(BI)进行日常生活能力的评价和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)进行抑郁程度的评分,记录患者每天的尿量和超滤量.结果 A组患者在超滤量、透析充分性方面与B、C组患者比较有所降低,而残余尿量多于B、C组,在并发症控制方面与B、C组有差异,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);C组患者在营养状况上与A组、B组比较下降,在平均动脉压、腹腔感染率上大于A、B组,在HAMD评分上也大于A、B组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3组患者在日常生活能力(BI)方面差异无统计学意义.结论 长期行间歇性腹膜透析的患者,采用个体化的透析剂量能够在提高临床疗效以及日常生活能力和缓解抑郁程度等.     

Home-based nursing interventions improve knowledge of disease and management in patients with heart failure

OBJECTIVE:

to assess patient knowledge of heart failure by home-based measurement of two NOC Nursing Outcomes over a six-month period and correlate mean outcome indicator scores with mean scores of a heart failure Knowledge Questionnaire.

METHODS:

in this before-and-after study, patients with heart failure received four home visits over a six-month period after hospital discharge. At each home visit, nursing interventions were implemented, NOC outcomes were assessed, and the Knowledge Questionnaire was administered.

RESULTS:

overall, 23 patients received home visits. Mean indicator scores for the outcome Knowledge: Medication were 2.27±0.14 at home visit 1 and 3.55±0.16 at home visit 4 (P<0.001); and, for the outcome Knowledge: Treatment Regimen, 2.33±0.13 at home visit 1 and 3.59±0.14 at home visit 4 (P<0.001). The correlation between the Knowledge Questionnaire and the Nursing Outcomes Classification scores was strong at home visit 1 (r=0.7, P<0.01), but weak and non significant at visit 4.

CONCLUSION:

the results show improved patient knowledge of heart failure and a strong correlation between Nursing Outcomes Classification indicator scores and Knowledge Questionnaire scores. The NOC Nursing Outcomes proved effective as knowledge assessment measures when compared with the validated instrument.     

The principle of integrality of care in the political-pedagogical projects of nursing programs

Objective:

to identify the political-pedagogical projects of the undergraduate nursing programs in Santa Catarina, Brazil according to the guidelines of the Ministries of Health and Education, considering the education of professionals under the principle of integrality.

Method:

documentary study with a qualitative approach. Nine projects were analyzed.

Results:

the colleges from the Southern region of Brazil are gradually incorporating the theoretical framework of the Brazilian health system and curricular guidelines, which includes the principle of integrality of care, into their political-pedagogical projects of undergraduate nursing programs. Some institutions strictly follow the curricular guidelines, while others make their own interpretation.

Conclusion:

most teaching institutions do not provide pedagogical support to students.     

腹膜转运和营养状况在腹膜透析充分性评价中的作用

目的探讨腹膜转运特性对尿毒症腹膜透析患者营养状态的影响,评价二者在腹膜透析充分性评价中的地位。方法采用快速腹膜平衡试验判断腹膜转运功能[腹膜透析液肌酐与血肌酐的比值（D／Per）],将53例腹膜透析患者分为高转运（D／Per≥0．65）和低转运（D／Per〈0．65）两组。计算尿素清除指数（Kt／v）和总肌酐清除率（TCer）。采用实验室检查（血清白蛋白、前白蛋白和转铁蛋白,血红蛋白,瘦体重和瘦体重百分比）以及主观综合性评定法（SGA）评估患者的营养状况。结果低转运组包括患者30例,高转运组包括23例。高转运组患者的年龄、D／Per（0．82±0．15vs．0．55±0．08,P〈0．01）和TCer（62．93％±25．98％佛．49．69％±16．92％,P〈0．05）均显著高于低转运组,血清白蛋白和转铁蛋白,血红蛋白水平,瘦体重百分比和SGA评分均显著低于低转运组（P〈0．05）,血清白蛋白与Kt／v呈显著负相关（r=-0．2708,P〈0．05）。结论腹膜高转运者溶质清除率高但营养状态较低转运者差。营养状况是判定透析是否充分的条件之一。应加强高转运及高龄患者的饮食管理和指导。     

Clinical applicability of nursing outcomes in the evolution of orthopedic patients with Impaired Physical Mobility

AIM:

to evaluate the clinical applicability of outcomes, according to the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) in the evolution of orthopedic patients with Impaired Physical Mobility

METHOD:

longitudinal study conducted in 2012 in a university hospital, with 21 patients undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty, evaluated daily by pairs of trained data collectors. Data were collected using an instrument containing five Nursing Outcomes, 16 clinical indicators and a five point Likert scale, and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS:

The outcomes Body Positioning: self-initiated, Mobility, Knowledge: prescribed activity, and Fall Prevention Behavior presented significant increases in mean scores when comparing the first and final evaluations (p<0.001) and (p=0.035).

CONCLUSION:

the use of the NOC outcomes makes it possible to demonstrate the clinical progression of orthopedic patients with Impaired Physical Mobility, as well as its applicability in this context.     

锁骨下静脉置管感染的分析及防治

目的 探讨腹部外科手术后锁骨下静脉置管患者发生相关性感染的原因及防治措施.方法 回顾性分析医院2010年1月-2011年6月276例腹部外科手术后留置锁骨下静脉导管患者的临床资料,探讨引起感染的原因及护理方法.结果 276例锁骨下静脉置管患者平均置管时间4.7d,其中发生感染26例,感染率为9.4％,患者经积极治疗后均治愈出院,无死亡病例.结论 腹部外科术后行锁骨下静脉置管是安全可靠的,针对其危险因素,加强操作过程及术后的护理,缩短置管时间,可以有效降低感染的发生率.     

Systematization of Nursing Care in undergraduate training: the perspective of Complex Thinking

AIM:

to evaluate the clinical applicability of outcomes, according to the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) in the evolution of orthopedic patients with Impaired Physical Mobility

METHOD:

longitudinal study conducted in 2012 in a university hospital, with 21 patients undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty, evaluated daily by pairs of trained data collectors. Data were collected using an instrument containing five Nursing Outcomes, 16 clinical indicators and a five point Likert scale, and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS:

The outcomes Body Positioning: self-initiated, Mobility, Knowledge: prescribed activity, and Fall Prevention Behavior presented significant increases in mean scores when comparing the first and final evaluations (p<0.001) and (p=0.035).

CONCLUSION:

the use of the NOC outcomes makes it possible to demonstrate the clinical progression of orthopedic patients with Impaired Physical Mobility, as well as its applicability in this context.     

膀胱造瘘患者泌尿系统感染的影响与护理

目的了解膀胱造瘘病人造瘘口部位的清洁干燥与病人发生泌尿系感染的相关性。方法将98例膀胱造瘘病人随机分为A、B两组跟踪研究,A组病人先用碘伏消毒液消毒造瘘口皮肤后,用无菌纱块覆盖造瘘口周围皮肤,B组病人造瘘口采用碘伏消毒液消毒后,用长效抗菌材料喷洒造瘘口周围皮肤。采集造瘘口皮肤分泌物和病人尿液做样本监测。结果 B组病人的造瘘口分泌物样本和尿液样本的细菌检出率低于A组,P<0.05。且正确的健康教育以及造瘘口不同的护理干预,菌种的检出种类和菌落数存在差异。结论使用长效抗菌材料喷洒造瘘口周围皮肤,可以有效减低膀胱造瘘患者泌尿系统感染的风险,正确的护理健康教育和护理措施可以使患者保持健康优质的日常生活。     

Theoretical assumptions of Maffesoli's sensitivity and Problem-Based Learning in Nursing Education

Objective

understand the everyday and the imaginary of Nursing students in their knowledge socialization process through the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) strategy.

Method

Action Research, involving 86 students from the second year of an undergraduate Nursing program in Spain. A Critical Incident Questionnaire and Group interview were used. Thematic/categorical analysis, triangulation of researchers, subjects and techniques.

Results

the students signal the need to have a view from within, reinforcing the criticism against the schematic dualism; PBL allows one to learn how to be with the other, with his mechanical and organic solidarity; the feeling together, with its emphasis on learning to work in group and wanting to be close to the person taking care.

Conclusions

The great contradictions the protagonists of the process, that is, the students experience seem to express that group learning is not a form of gaining knowledge, as it makes them lose time to study. The daily, the execution time and the imaginary of how learning should be do not seem to have an intersection point in the use of Problem-Based Learning. The importance of focusing on the daily and the imaginary should be reinforced when we consider nursing education.