医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的超声诊断与治疗

目的评价彩色多普勒超声在医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤诊治中的价值。方法对13例股动脉插管术后穿刺部位触及搏动性肿物、闻及血管杂音的患者,采用Philipsiu22彩色超声诊断仪进行二维、彩色多普勒、频谱多普勒超声检查,观察其大小、形态、内部回声及血流形态、频谱特征,对明确诊断者,在超声引导下进行压迫。结果13例临床上高度怀疑假性动脉瘤形成的患者均通过彩色多普勒超声检查明确诊断,且在超声引导下进行压迫,成功闭合动脉破裂口。结论彩色多普勒超声是医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的首选诊断、治疗方法。     

医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的治疗方法

目的 评估超声引导下局部压迫和手术治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效并介绍治疗经验.方法 1995年4月至2008年4月对197例医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤病人进行治疗,其中171例首选超声引导下局部压迫治疗(假性动脉瘤稳定者),26例(假性动脉瘤破裂或瘤腔直径≥40 mm者)直接手术治疗.结果 压迫治疗的171例中137例压迫成功,有效率80%,34例失败者改行手术治疗.直接手术治疗的26例及上述改行手术的34例中,47例行股动脉假性动脉瘤切除、动脉壁破口修补术,6例行自体大隐静脉补片成形术,7例行人工血管转流术.围手术期所有手术病例无出血、神经痛、淋巴瘘、动静脉瘘等严重并发症和死亡.随访1个月至5年,均未见假性动脉瘤复发或肢体缺血症状.随访期间无死亡.结论 局部压迫疗法治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤安全、有效、经济,可作为大部分稳定病人的首选治疗方法.不适合压迫治疗者及压迫治疗失败的病人可手术治疗,疗效确切.     

医源性假性动脉瘤外科诊治15例分析

目的 探讨医源性假性动脉瘤的诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析15例医源性假性动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中右股动脉插管造影术8例,造影加冠脉支架植入术5例,急性胰腺炎经右股动脉插管血透治疗1例,肾功能衰竭行左桡动脉留置穿刺1例.术前均行彩色多普勒超声检查,确诊率100%.瘤体最大10 cm×8 cm×5 cm,最小3 cm×3 cm×2 cm,均手术治疗.结果 全组无手术死亡.术后患肢远端血运良好,2例切口淋巴漏.随诊3～26个月,均无复发.结论 对医源性假性动脉瘤患者,宜早期诊断和手术治疗.     

头臂动脉瘤和动静脉瘘的腔内治疗

目的探讨头臂血管假性动脉瘤(BCPA)或颈动脉静脉瘘(CVEF)患者的腔内治疗效果。方法 2003年9月—2011年3月笔者诊治10例假性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘患者并行腔内治疗,其中假性动脉瘤7例,先天性动静脉畸形2例,外伤性动静脉瘘1例。假性动脉瘤的病因为外伤或医源性损伤;临床表现为颈部或锁骨下搏动性肿块,病程2 h至40年不等。10例均经股动脉穿刺造影明确病变性质、部位、大小,然后采用放射介入方法,用带膜支架封堵病变处破口,重朔血管。结果 8例假性动脉或外伤性动脉静脉瘘及1例先天性动静脉瘘达到满意疗效,1例先天性动静脉瘘畸形明显好转,动静脉瘘流量明显减少。结论头臂部动脉瘤或动静脉瘘采用带膜支架腔内隔绝治疗方法微创、简便、迅速、安全、有效,有实用价值。     

覆膜支架治疗难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤的探讨

目的探讨覆膜支架置入治疗难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤的有效性及其安全性。方法 2012年8月至2017年8月期间,河西学院附属张掖人民医院血管外科共收治了26例难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤患者,其中属外伤性股动脉假性动脉瘤20例,医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤6例;26例中有8例合并股动-静脉瘘。26例患者术前全部经彩超检查得以确诊,并在彩超引导下进行常规压迫或瘤腔内注射血凝酶治疗,但均未获成功,26例患者最终改行股动脉覆膜支架置入术治疗,其中4例同期行血肿清除术,2例行假性动脉瘤腔内穿刺引流术。结果全部患者一期置入覆膜支架均获成功,股动脉假性动脉瘤及动-静脉瘘均治愈,6例患者股深动脉封闭,无手术死亡及严重并发症发生。术后6个月及12个月进行随访,26例患者均无瘤体复发及支架移位、断裂、栓塞和内瘘发生。结论覆膜支架置入治疗难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤是安全、有效、微创的方法,其短期效果满意,远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

彩色多普勒超声在介入穿刺性血管损伤诊断中的价值

目的用彩色多普勒超声观察穿刺性血管损伤的声像图特征。方法26例周围血管穿刺后出现局部肿块、血管杂音,用彩色多普勒超声显示肿块的形态、回声、与周围血管的关系,观察肿块内、破口处、肢体动脉和静脉内的血流信号。结果3例单纯性血肿,彩色血流成像肿块内无血流信号;19例假性动脉瘤,肿块内有低速的动脉血流信号,动脉与肿块的破口处有五彩镶嵌的彩色血流信号和收缩期高速湍流血流频谱;4例动静脉瘘,在瘘口处可见有一股五彩镶嵌的彩色血流信号和连续性高速分流频谱。结论彩色多普勒超声能为穿刺性血管损伤提供准确的诊断。     

应用MRA和DSA诊断创伤性假性动脉瘤并动静脉瘘(附1例报告)

目的：提高对创伤性假性动脉瘤并动静脉瘘的影像诊断水平。方法：报告1例腰椎间盘手术所致的创伤性假性动脉瘤并动静脉瘘，比较分析MRA和DSA对该病的诊断价值。结果：MRA能够明确创伤性假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘的诊断，与DSA有良好的相关性。结论：MRA对创伤性假性动脉瘤并动静脉瘘的确诊有重要价值，在一定程度上能够代替常规血管造影。     

自体静脉移植治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的临床观察

目的探讨外伤性股动脉假性动脉瘤诊治的方法与随诊。方法自1997年7月至2006年5月,对12例外伤性股动脉假性动脉瘤进行自体静脉移植治疗,彩色多普勒在诊断及随诊过程中发挥了重要作用。结果12例病人治疗效果满意,自体静脉移植后血管畅通,全部病例行走自如,重返工作岗位。结论自体静脉移植治疗及彩色多普勒随诊股动脉假性动脉瘤具有实用性、可靠性、科学性。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后假性动脉瘤的诊治

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)后假性动脉瘤的诊治方法。方法:对4例LC术后假性动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行分析,对其诊治要点及预防措施进行探讨。结果:4例患者主要临床表现包括右上腹痛、上消化道出血、黄疸等,彩色多普勒超声检查提示诊断,选择性血管造影明确诊断并同时行栓塞治疗成功,均治愈。结论:彩色多普勒超声和选择性血管造影是本病的主要诊断方法。介入栓塞治疗应作为假性动脉瘤治疗的首选方法。假性动脉瘤的形成与手术操作有关,应重在预防。     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗医源性肾假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘的临床研究

目的探讨超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗医源性肾假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘的有效性及安全性。方法 29例经保守治疗无效的医源性肾假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘患者经DSA检查,明确出血部位、特点后行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗。监测栓塞后病情变化,评估栓塞效果,评价栓塞前后肾功能变化,记录并发症。结果 29例患者中23例单纯使用弹簧圈栓塞,6例应用弹簧圈+PVA颗粒进行栓塞,首次肾动脉栓塞技术成功率为100%(29/29),临床成功率为96.55%(28/29)。患者栓塞前后肌酐分别为(93.26±28.79)mmol/L和(91.51±27.68)mmol/L,差异无统计学意义(t=1.28,P=0.22)。无肾脓肿、肾功能衰竭等严重并发症出现。结论超选择介入栓塞治疗医源性肾假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘技术成功率高、临床有效,并且对肾功能无明显影响,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

Spontaneous thrombosis of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms: documentation with color Doppler and two-dimensional ultrasonography

Two-dimensional ultrasonography and color Doppler were used over an 18-month period for the diagnosis and management of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms in six patients with pulsatile groin masses found after catheterization. A diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm was made when color Doppler demonstrated pulsatile systolic flow into echolucent masses. One patient underwent surgical repair of a symptomatic pseudoaneurysm after the initial Doppler study. Serial color Doppler studies were performed in five subjects, all of whom showed resolution of flow after a mean of 18 days (range 7 to 42). Despite an absence of flow, one patient underwent surgical drainage of persistent hematoma. After a mean interval of 233 days (range 84 to 552) all patients have remained free of other complications or symptoms related to the pseudoaneurysm. This experience suggests that urgent surgical repair is not required in all cases of small iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms, and that asymptomatic patients can be safely followed with serial color Doppler examinations.     

Successful endovascular treatment for gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm with an arteriovenous fistula after pancreas transplantation

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of endovascular treatment for gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm with an arteriovenous fistula after simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation. We describe the case of a 38-year-old man who underwent successful simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation. An asymptomatic pseudoaneurysm of the donor gastroduodenal artery with an arteriovenous fistula was incidentally diagnosed by routine color flow Doppler ultrasound (CDU) examination and confirmed by 3-D gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) 15 days after transplantation. Selective arteriography (via the right femoral artery) confirmed an arteriovenous fistula and a pseudoaneurysm of the donor gastroduodenal artery. The patient underwent successful endovascular embolization. At 11 months of follow-up, normal pancreatic function was reported. Endovascular treatment for gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm with an arteriovenous fistula after pancreas transplantation obviates the need for surgical intervention.     

Postarteriographic femoral pseudoaneurysms: Treatment with ultrasound-guided compression

Pseudoaneurysms following femoral arterial catheterization are increasingly common and are related to factors such as catheter size, periprocedural anticoagulation, hypertension, and improper technique. Ultrasound-guided compression as a noninvasive technique for repair of these lesions was prospectively evaluated in 16 patients whose mean age was 61 years. Nine patients were on anticoagulants and six had hypertension. All patients presented with an enlarging groin hematoma, a pulsatile mass, and/or a bruit following femoral catheterization. Seventeen femoral artery pseudoaneurysms, including one with an associated arteriovenous fistula, were detected using color-flow Doppler imaging. Three pseudoaneurysms thrombosed spontaneously. The remaining 14 were managed with compressive therapy lasting from 20 to 100 minutes. No complications were encountered during the compressions and 10 false aneurysms (71%) responded completely (mean time to thrombosis of 38 minutes). Two lesions responded partially to compression and there were two failures, the latter associated with excessive anticoagulation in one patient and a well-established pseudoaneurysm in the second patient. Only one pseudoaneurysm (6%) in the series required surgical correction. Ultrasound-guided compression of acute pseudoaneurysms in the groin is a safe, inexpensive, and effective method of treatment.We thank Brenda Scott, Tammy Kovacs, Lisa Ungar, and Alison Grzywnowicz in the ultrasound department at Victoria Hospital for the time and enthusiasm they devoted to this project.     

Treatment of iatrogenic femoral artery injuries with ultrasound-guided compression.

Iatrogenic injuries of the groin are becoming more common after increasingly sophisticated vascular intervention. These injuries are accurately detected by duplex and color Doppler ultrasonography. Recent treatment of these lesions by ultrasound-guided compression repair (UGCR) has been described. During a 1-year period we identified 18 femoral artery injuries, including 17 pseudoaneurysms and one arteriovenous fistula. Three of the pseudoaneurysms thrombosed spontaneously before attempted treatment. The remaining 15 lesions underwent a trial of UGCR. Successful closure was accomplished in 10 patients (56%). Seven of these lesions were successfully treated during the initial session, and thrombosis was accomplished after repeat compression in three additional lesions. Three patients who were given anticoagulants had a failed UGCR, but their pseudoaneurysms thrombosed after administration of anticoagulants was discontinued. Two patients had failed UGCR and required operation. Seven (88%) of eight patients who were not given anticoagulants were successfully treated. In contrast only two (29%) of seven patients given therapeutic doses of anticoagulant medication were successfully treated by the technique. There was no statistical difference between mean pseudoaneurysm diameter, mean width and length of pseudoaneurysm neck, or depth of pseudoaneurysm neck from skin surface in patients in whom successful initial closure was achieved when compared with those patients in whom the initial attempt failed. UGCR is a safe, simple, noninvasive technique that can be used to treat many femoral artery injuries that traditionally were treated with surgery. The technique can be applied by any laboratory that has the necessary ultrasonography equipment and is currently the method of choice for treating uncomplicated iatrogenic femoral artery injuries at our institution.     

Successful conservative management of iatrogenic femoral arterial trauma

We have developed a protocol for nonoperative management of pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas secondary to cardiac catheterization. Hemodynamically stable patients were placed at bed rest and underwent serial physical examination, hematocrit, and duplex ultrasonography for a minimum of three days prior to discharge and subsequently as outpatients. Sixteen initially stable patients out of 56 with femoral artery catheter trauma managed over a four-year period underwent deliberate conservative management. Their lesions included six arteriovenous fistulas, seven pseudoaneurysms, and three patients with both complications. All but one of the pseudoaneurysms resolved spontaneously within four weeks regardless of initial size or associated arteriovenous fistula. One patient receiving anticoagulant therapy required surgery for bleeding after a three-day period of observation of a pseudoaneurysm. Six of the nine arteriovenous fistulas also resolved within the initial period of observation. The remaining three have been followed for four to 20 months and have remained asymptomatic. Nonoperative therapy of catheter-related femoral artery trauma is both safe and effective. Conservative management avoids potential wound complications associated with dissection through surrounding hematoma as well as the additional hospitalization required for postoperative care. We recommend a period of observation for all hemodynamically stable patients with catheter-induced pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas of the femoral vessels, with surgery reserved for hemorrhage, expanding masses, or compromised cardiac output.Presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society, June 2, 1991, Boston, Massachusetts.     

Profunda femoral artery pseudoaneurysm after percutaneous transluminal procedures manifested by neuropathy.

The incidence of arterial complications following femoral artery cannulation is low; however, with the increasing number of cardiac diagnostic and interventional procedures, vascular surgeons are being confronted with an increasing number of pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas. Swelling and a painful pulsating groin masse are the most frequent presenting symptoms of a common femoral artery false aneurysm. We present the cases of 4 patients who had the unusual finding of a profunda femoral artery pseudoaneurysm after they had undergone cardiac catheterization or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The only clinical sign of these patients was femoral neuropathy or neuropalsy caused by femoral nerve compression. Surgical repair of the pseudoaneurysm was successful in all patients. We discuss the reasons for this unusual finding and rare location for a pseudoaneurysm.     

Selective non-operative management of pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae complicating femoral artery catheterization.

Femoral arterial pseudoaneurysms or arteriovenous fistulae may sometimes complicate percutaneous femoral artery catheterization procedures. Most surgeons recommend prompt operative repair because of the unfavorable natural history of pseudoaneurysms or arteriovenous fistulae secondary to violent or accidental arterial trauma. However, the natural history of catheterization-induced pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae has not been well documented. Accordingly, we prospectively studied the natural history of 22 pseudoaneurysms, 8 arteriovenous fistulae, and 3 combined lesions, identified by duplex scan in 32 patients following trans-femoral cardiac, peripheral vascular, or vascular access arterial catheterization procedures. Angiographic procedures were performed with the use of 5-8F introducer sheaths. A femoral artery complication was significantly more likely to result from coronary balloon angioplasty (9/304; 3.0%) than from diagnostic cardiac catheterization (21/2476; 0.8%) (p less than 0.003; chi square). Fourteen patients (13 pseudoaneurysms, 1 combined pseudoaneurysm/fistulae) underwent surgical repair. Pain and/or enlarging hematoma resulted in repair within two days of the diagnosis in 8 patients. The need for chronic anticoagulation prompted elective repair in 2 patients. A pseudoaneurysm was repaired in one patient five days following catheterization when it became painful. In three stable patients, asymptomatic pseudoaneurysms were repaired electively during another surgical procedure. There were no operative deaths. One patients (7%) developed a wound infection postoperatively. Eighteen patients (19 arterial lesions: 9 pseudoaneurysms, 8 arteriovenous fistulae, 2 combined pseudoaneurysms/arteriovenous fistulae) with improving symptoms and stable physical signs were followed by serial clinical evaluation and duplex scans. Seventeen of 19 (89%) of these lesions resolved spontaneously within 5-90 days (mean 30.7 days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Noninvasive assessment of intracranial fistulas and other small arteriovenous malformations.

Twenty patients in whom the diagnosis of an intracranial arteriovenous malformation was suspected either by the history and clinical findings or by abnormal periorbital Doppler flow are discussed. Sixteen patients had only minor complaints or inconclusive signs or were clinically asymptomatic; 4 others presented with the syndrome of a carotid cavernous fistula. Patients were further examined by means of transcranial Doppler sonography, computed tomographic scanning, and cerebral angiography. In 17 patients, the diagnosis of an arteriovenous malformation could be established by transcranial Doppler sonography and could be confirmed by angiography. Transcranial Doppler sonography gave false negative results in 1 and false positive results in 2 patients. Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of modern ultrasound techniques in the assessment of small or even occult intracranial arteriovenous shunts before subjecting patients to more invasive procedures.     

ҽԴ�Թɶ�������6���������

??Diagnostic and treatable experience of the iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulas: retrospective analysis of 6 cases LIANG Si-yuan*, LIU Xiao-bing, MOU Yong-hua ??et al.*Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou 318000, China
Corresponding author ??LIANG Si-yuan??E-mail??24245857@qq. com
Abstract Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and treatable experience of the iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulas. Methods We analyzed 6 patients with iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulas in the methods of diagnosis and treatment during January 2004 to August 2009 retrospectively. Results 6 patients were all detected post catheterization, diagnosed with color doppler ultrasonography as arteriovenous fistulas, 3 in common femoral artery, 2 in superficial femoral artery, 1 in profound femoral artery. The size of the fistula was between 2~4 mm. All the patients were treated with open surgery of fistula repairment. Conclusion Color doppler ultrasonography could be the first choice in the diagnosis of iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulas, and promptly open surgery is still the economical and maneuverability treatment in low morbidities.