Antiproliferation, antioxidation and induction of apoptosis by Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) on SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line

This study was designed to determine the antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidative properties of crude methanolic extract (CME) from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (family Guttiferae) using human breast cancer (SKBR3) cell line as a model system. SKBR3 cells were cultured in the presence of CME at various concentrations (0-50 microg/ml) for 48 h and the percentage of cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. CME showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation with ED(50) of 9.25+/-0.64 microg/ml. We found that antiproliferative effect of CME was associated with apoptosis on breast cancer cell line by determinations of morphological changes and oligonucleosomal DNA fragments. In addition, CME at various concentrations and incubation times were also found to inhibit ROS production. These investigations suggested that the methanolic extract from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana had strong antiproliferation, potent antioxidation and induction of apoptosis. Thus, it indicates that this substance can show different activities and has potential for cancer chemoprevention which were dose dependent as well as exposure time dependent.     

β‐Bisabolene,a Sesquiterpene from the Essential Oil Extract of Opoponax (Commiphora guidottii), Exhibits Cytotoxicity in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

The essential oils from Commiphora species have for centuries been recognized to possess medicinal properties. Here, we performed gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry on the essential oil from opoponax (Commiphora guidotti) and identified bisabolene isomers as the main constituents of this essential oil. Opoponax essential oil, a chemical component; β‐bisabolene and an alcoholic analogue, α‐bisabolol, were tested for their ability to selectively kill breast cancer cells. Only β‐bisabolene, a sesquiterpene constituting 5% of the essential oil, exhibited selective cytotoxic activity for mouse cells (IC₅₀ in normal Eph4: >200 µg/ml, MG1361: 65.49 µg/ml, 4T1: 48.99 µg/ml) and human breast cancer cells (IC₅₀ in normal MCF‐10A: 114.3 µg/ml, MCF‐7: 66.91 µg/ml, MDA‐MB‐231: 98.39 µg/ml, SKBR3: 70.62 µg/ml and BT474: 74.3 µg/ml). This loss of viability was because of the induction of apoptosis as shown by Annexin V‐propidium iodide and caspase‐3/7 activity assay. β‐bisabolene was also effective in reducing the growth of transplanted 4T1 mammary tumours in vivo (37.5% reduction in volume by endpoint). In summary, we have identified an anti‐cancer agent from the essential oil of opoponax that exhibits specific cytotoxicity to both human and murine mammary tumour cells in vitro and in vivo, and this warrants further investigation into the use of β‐bisabolene in the treatment of breast cancers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

白花丹素对乳腺癌细胞凋亡和自噬的影响

目的观察白花丹素对乳腺癌细胞凋亡及自噬的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法采用不同浓度白花丹素作用于乳腺癌MCF-7和BT549细胞,CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,DCFH-DA荧光探针检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平,JC-1荧光探针检测线粒体膜电位(MMP),流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,免疫荧光检测细胞内LC3B蛋白表达,Western blot检测细胞内Bax、Bcl-2、LC3B、AMPK和p-AMPK蛋白表达。结果不同浓度白花丹素可抑制乳腺癌MCF-7和BT549细胞生长,抑制细胞克隆形成,其IC50分别为15.9μmol/L和13.51μmol/L;16、32μmol/L白花丹素处理后,MCF-7细胞MMP降低,ROS水平升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达降低,Bax、LC3BⅡ、p-AMPK蛋白表达升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。使用AMPK抑制剂(10μmol/L Dorsomorphin)或自噬抑制剂(5 mmol/L 3-MA)与白花丹素(32μmol/L)同时处理MCF-7细胞后,LC3BⅡ、p-AMPK蛋白表达较单独使用白花丹素(32μmol...     

Antiproliferative effect of Erycibe elliptilimba on human breast cancer cell lines

Erycibe elliptilimba Merr. & Chun., family Convolvulaceae, is a Thai traditional medicine which has long been prescribed for various infectious and malignant diseases. Bio-assays of extracts from Erycibe elliptilimba Merr. & Chun. showed that a fraction (fraction 3) from an methanolic extract had an antiproliferative effect on SKBR3 and MDA-MB435 human breast cancer cells. The ED50 value of Erycibe elliptilimba Merr. & Chun. fraction 3 was 56.07 and 30.61 μg/ml for SKBR3 and MDA-MB435, respectively. After 48 h of exposure, this fraction at a concentration of 100 μg/ml significantly reduced cell proliferation in both cancer cells. In MDA-MB435 cells, cell cycle analysis showed that the herb extract fraction 3 induced the accumulation of cells in G2/M phase, whereas no significant change in cell cycle was detected in SKBR3 cells. The results indicated that the extract fraction 3 could induce cell cycle arrest in some way. However, further investigation is needed to assess the molecular mechanisms mediated anticancer activities of this plant.     

Acylated Iridoids and Rhamnopyranoses from Premna odorata (Lamiaceae) as Novel Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition Factor Receptor Inhibitors for the Control of Breast Cancer

Phytochemical investigation of Premna odorata Blanco, Lamiaceae, leaves afforded three new acylated iridoid glycosides 1–3 and two new acylated rhamnopyranoses 9 and 10, in addition to ten known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed using extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis. Molecular modeling study suggested the potential of the acylated rhamnopyranoses to bind at the c‐Met kinase domain. Cell‐free Z′‐LYTE? assay testing revealed the good c‐Met phosphorylation inhibitory activity of 9, followed by 8, and 10, with IC₅₀ values of 2.5, 6.9, and 12.7 μM, respectively. The (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay testing against the human c‐Met expressing highly invasive MDA‐MB‐231 suggested compound 9 as the most active with IC₅₀ value of 13.3 μM. Testing of compound 9 against multiple phenotypic breast cancer cell lines including MCF‐7, BT‐474 cells, and MDA‐MB‐468 proved enhanced activity against the highly c‐Met expressing triple‐negative breast cancer cell lines. Acylated rhamnopyranoses are potential novel c‐Met inhibitors appropriate for future optimizations to control c‐Met‐dependent breast malignancies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anticancer activity and molecular mechanisms of α‐conidendrin,a polyphenolic compound present in Taxus yunnanensis,on human breast cancer cell lines

α‐Conidendrin is a polyphenolic compound found mainly in Taxus yunnanensis, as the source of chemotherapy drug paclitaxel, which has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer activity and molecular mechanisms of α‐conidendrin on breast cancer cell lines. The results of the present study show that α‐conidendrin possesses potent antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. α‐Conidendrin significantly induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells via reactive oxygen species generation, upregulation of p53 and Bax, downregulation of Bcl‐2, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and activation of caspases‐3 and ‐9. α‐Conidendrin remarkably inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells through induction of cell cycle arrest by upregulating p53 and p21 and downregulating cyclin D1 and CDK4. Unlike breast cancer cells, the antiproliferative effect of α‐conidendrin on human foreskin fibroblast cells (normal cells) was very small. In normal cells, reactive oxygen species levels, loss of MMP, release of cytochrome c, mRNA expression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, CDK4, Bax, and Bcl‐2 as well as mRNA expression and activity of caspases‐3 and ‐9 were significantly less affected by α‐conidendrin compared with cancer cells. These results suggest that α‐conidendrin can be a promising agent for treatment of breast cancer with little or no toxicity against normal cells.     

Cell growth inhibitory action of an unusual labdane diterpene, 13-epi-sclareol in breast and uterine cancers in vitro

In the course of our studies on the isolation of bioactive compounds from the roots of Coleus forskohlii, a traditional herb in India, rare 13-epi-sclareol has been isolated, and its structure determined by extensive 2D NMR. This is the first report of isolation from this plant. The isolated compound showed antiproliferative activity in breast and uterine cancers in vitro. The antiproliferative activity of 13-epi-sclareol is comparable to Tamoxifen in terms of IC50 and also showed concentration dependent increased apoptotic changes in the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.     

Identification of bioactive constituents of Ziziphus jujube fruit extracts exerting antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in human breast cancer cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ziziphus extracts have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of cancer.

Aim of the study

In the present study we have investigated the effects of Ziziphus jujube extracts (ZEs) on breast cancer.

Materials and methods

We evaluated the effects of increasing concentrations of ZEs on ERα positive MCF-7 and ERα negative SKBR3 breast cancer cell proliferation using MTT assays. Apoptosis was analyzed by evaluating the involvement of some pro-apoptotic proteins, including Bax, Bad, Bid and PARP cleavage by immunoblotting analysis. Moreover, the effects of ZEs treatment on apoptosis were tested by both DNA fragmentation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining. By using chromatographic techniques, we identified the constituents of the effective extracts.

Results

ZE1, ZE2, and ZE4 exerted significant antiproliferative effects on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive MCF-7 (IC₅₀ values of 14.42, 7.64, 1.69 μg/mL) and ERα negative SKBR3 (IC₅₀ values of 14.06, 6.21, 3.70 μg/mL) human breast cancer cells. Remarkably, ZEs did not affect cell viability of both normal human fibroblasts BJ1-hTERT and nonmalignant breast epithelial MCF-10A cells. Treatment with ZEs induced cell death by apoptosis in both malignant breast cells. We found that the most effective extracts ZE2 and ZE4 shared a number of triterpenic acids, already known for their anticancer activities.

Conclusions

Our data provide a rational base for the use of Ziziphus extracts in the treatment of breast cancer in Traditional Chinese Medicine.     

大蒜素逆转人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞顺铂耐药性的研究

[目的]探索大蒜素对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞顺铂耐药性的逆转作用及调控机制.[方法]以对数生长期人乳腺癌耐顺铂MCF-7/DDP细胞为受试细胞,设空白对照组(DMSO)、大蒜素(20μg/mL)单药组、顺铂(6μg/mL)单药组、联合组(大蒜素20μg/mL+顺铂6μg/mL).药物干预48 h后,噻唑蓝(MTT)染色法...     

Chemical constituents and in vitro anticancer activity of Typhonium flagelliforme (Araceae)

Aim of the study

Typhonium flagelliforme is an indigenous plant of Malaysia and is used by the local communities to treat cancer. This study aims to identify the chemical constituents of Typhonium flagelliforme particularly those which have antiproliferative properties towards human cancer cell lines.

Materials and methods

Purification of the chemical constituents by various chromatographic procedures was guided by the antiproliferative activity. Identification of the chemical constituents was carried out by various spectroscopic techniques including high resolution MS and NMR. The antiproliferative activity was assayed using MTT on NCI-H23 (lung cancer) and HS578T (breast cancer) cell lines. Microscopic observation and DeadEnd™ colourimetric TUNEL assay was used to identify the apoptotic mode of cell death.

Results and conclusion

Four pheophorbide related compounds, namely pheophorbide-a, pheophorbide-a′, pyropheophorbide-a and methyl pyropheophorbide-a were identified in the most active fraction, D/F19. These constituents exhibited antiproliferative activity against cancer cells and the activity increased following photoactivation. However, the greater antiproliferative activity exhibited by D/F19 itself compared to the pheophorbides and its other subfractions suggests some form of synergistic action between the constituents. The inhibitory effect of D/F19 and the pheophorbides was apoptotic in the absence of light. Other chemical constituents that have been identified in this study include hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. Most of the chemical constituents identified in this plant have not been reported previously.     

Growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 by schizandrin,a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan isolated from Schisandra chinensis,on T47D human breast cancer cells

Schizandrin is one of the main dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans present in the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandraceae). Biological activities including hepatoprotective, antiviral and neuroprotective effects of schizandrin and other dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans have been reported previously. However, the antiproliferative effect of schizandrin against human cancer cells has been poorly determined to date. This study examined the antiproliferative effect of schizandrin in human breast cancer cells. Schizandrin exhibited growth inhibitory activities in cultured human breast cancer cells, and the effect was the more profound in estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive T47D cells than in ER‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells. When treated with the compound in T47D cells, schizandrin induced the accumulation of a cell population in the G0/G1 phase, which was further demonstrated by the induction of CDK inhibitors p21 and p27 and the inhibition of the expression of cell cycle checkpoint proteins including cyclin D1, cyclin A, CDK2 and CDK4. These results suggest that schizandrin inhibits cell proliferation through the induction of cell cycle arrest with modulating cell cycle‐related proteins in human breast cancer cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

去氢木香内酯诱导乳腺癌SK-BR-3 细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的观察去氢木香内酯(Dehydrocostuslactone,Dehy)对乳腺癌SK-BR-3细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨其分子机制。方法体外培养乳腺癌SK-BR-3细胞,分别加入不同浓度Dehy(5、10、20、30、40、50、60、80、100μmol·L-1)作用24、48、72 h,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖抑制率。将SK-BR-3细胞分为空白对照组(0μmol·L-1)和Dehy 10、20、30μmol·L-1浓度组,干预48 h后,利用倒置显微镜观察乳腺癌SK-BR-3细胞的形态;采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡率;Hoechst 33258荧光染色法检测细胞凋亡的形态学变化;Western Blot法检测Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3和Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白的表达。结果Dehy干预SK-BR-3细胞24、48、72 h后的IC50值分别为24.84、19.39、11.45μmol·L-1,且呈现浓度和时间依赖性。与空白对照组比较,Dehy 10、20、30μmol·L-1浓度组的SK-BR-3细胞数量明显减少,细胞结构松散、轮廓消失、变圆,贴壁不良;Dehy 10、20、30μmol·L-1浓度组的G2/M期细胞比例及细胞凋亡率均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),呈明显的浓度依赖性;Dehy 10、20、30μmol·L-1浓度组的SK-BR-3细胞出现不同程度的细胞核浓染、固缩及碎裂等凋亡现象,且细胞核致密浓染的比例显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);Dehy 10、20、30μmol·L-1浓度组的Bax、Caspase-3和Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.05,P<0.01),Bcl-2蛋白表达明显下调(P<0.05,P<0.01),Bax/Bcl-2比值明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论Dehy能够抑制乳腺癌SK-BR-3细胞的增殖及诱导其凋亡,可能与其调控Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3凋亡信号通路来抑制乳腺癌细胞的抗凋亡能力有关。     

白藜芦醇与紫杉醇联合用药对人喉癌Hep-2细胞凋亡机制的研究

喉癌是呼吸道肿瘤中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在呼吸道肿瘤中高居第二位。白藜芦醇(resveratrol,Res)是一种多酚类物质,可通过抑制细胞内核苷酸还原酶抑制肝癌细胞、胃癌细胞、胰腺癌细胞等肿瘤细胞生长。紫杉醇(taxol,Tax)是红豆杉属植物中一种次生代谢物,可抑制细胞内微管的解聚,对乳腺癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌等肿瘤有良好的抗肿瘤活性。目前有关白藜芦醇联合紫杉醇用药针对人喉癌细胞株Hep-2的作用及其相关分子机制研究还鲜见报道。用白藜芦醇(Res)、紫杉醇(Tax)处理人喉癌细胞株Hep-2,采用CCK-8法检测2种药物对Hep-2细胞增殖的影响,AO/PI染色和JC-1检测Hep-2细胞凋亡,实时定量PCR检测Bax,Bcl-2,PARP,TRIB3,XIAP基因的表达,荧光定量法检测caspase-3,caspase-8活性。结果表明,与Tax,Res单独用药相比,联合组显著增强对Hep-2细胞的抑制作用,且明显减少Tax的用药剂量,增加Bax,PARP,TRIB3的表达,降低Bcl-2,XIAP的表达,促进caspase-3,caspase-8活性。这表明Res,Tax以及其联合药物通过线粒体途径诱导喉癌细胞Hep-2的细胞凋亡。这为进一步研究Res,Tax联合用药治疗喉癌奠定理论基础,且扩大Res,Tax联合用药范围。     

The antiproliferative effect of acridone alkaloids on several cancer cell lines

Fifteen acridone alkaloids were examined for their antiproliferative activity toward monolayers and suspension of several types of cancer and normal human cell lines. As a result, atalaphyllidine (9), 5-hydroxy-N-methylseverifoline (11), atalaphyllinine (12), and des-N-methylnoracronycine (13) showed potent antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines, whereas they have weak cytotoxicity on normal human cell lines. The structure-activity relationship established from the results revealed that a secondary amine, hydroxyl groups at C-1 and C-5, and a prenyl group at C-2 played an important role for antiproliferative activities of the tetracyclic acridones.     

Antiproliferative effect of benzophenones and their influence on cathepsin activity

The antiproliferative activity of two prenylated benzophenones isolated from Rheedia brasiliensis, the triprenylated garciniaphenone and the tetraprenylated benzophenone 7‐epiclusianone, was investigated against human cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative activity on melanoma (UACC‐62), breast (MCF‐7), drug‐resistant breast (NCI‐ADR), lung/non‐small cells (NCI460), ovarian (OVCAR 03), prostate (PC03), kidney (786‐0), lung (NCI‐460) and tongue (CRL‐1624 and CRL‐1623) cancer cells was determined using spectrophotometric quantification of the cellular protein content. The effect of these benzophenones on the activity of cathepsins B and G was also investigated. Garciniaphenone displayed cytostatic activity in all cell lines, whereas 7‐epiclusianone showed a dose‐dependent cytotoxic effect. The IC₅₀ values for cell proliferation revealed that 7‐epiclusianone is more active than garciniaphenone against most of the cell lines. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effects demonstrated by garciniaphenone and 7‐epiclusianone were related to their cathepsin inhibiting properties. In conclusion, 7‐epiclusianone is a promising naturally occurring agent which displays multiple inhibitory effects which may be working in concert to inhibit cancer cell proliferation in vitro. The putative pathway by which 7‐epiclusianone affects cancer cell development may involve cathepsin inhibition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乙酰紫草素联合奥沙利铂对人结肠癌HT29细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的探讨乙酰紫草素联合奥沙利铂对人结肠癌HT29细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法将人结肠癌HT29细胞分为空白组、乙酰紫草素组(10μmol/L)、奥沙利铂组(1μmol/L)和联合给药组(10μmol/L乙酰紫草素+1μmol/L奥沙利铂),MTT法检测HT29细胞增殖抑制率,流式细胞术检测HT29细胞凋亡率、qRT-PCR法检测HT29细胞Ki-67、Bcl-2及Bax mRNA表达,Western blot法检测磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶(p-PI3K)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B (p-Akt)蛋白表达。结果人结肠癌HT29细胞经乙酰紫草素、奥沙利铂和联合给药处理24、48、72 h后,细胞增殖抑制率均增加,其中联合给药组细胞增殖抑制率最高(P<0. 05)。药物处理HT29细胞48 h后,与空白组比较,乙酰紫草素组、奥沙利铂组和联合给药组凋亡率、Bax mRNA表达增加(P<0. 05),而Ki-67、Bcl-2 mRNA表达及p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达降低(P<0. 05);联合给药组的细胞凋亡率、Bax mRNA表达均高于乙酰紫草素组和奥沙利铂组,Ki-67、Bcl-2 mRNA表达及p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达低于乙酰紫草素组和奥沙利铂组。结论乙酰紫草素和奥沙利铂对人结肠癌HT29细胞均具有抑制增殖及诱导凋亡作用,可能与调控PI3K/Akt信号通路有关,且两者联用时效果更好。     

阳和化岩汤对乳腺癌癌前病变细胞凋亡关键因子Bcl-2、细胞色素C表达影响的机制研究

目的:观察阳和化岩汤对乳腺癌细胞株Bcl-2、细胞色素C的蛋白及基因表达的影响,研究阳和化岩汤治疗乳腺癌的作用机制。方法:将乳腺癌癌前病变细胞株随机分为阳和化岩汤组、拆方温阳组、拆方活血组、拆方化痰组、拆方解毒组、空白对照组、三苯氧胺组,通过Western blot、RT-PCR法分别检测七组乳腺癌癌前变细胞株Bcl-2、细胞色素C的蛋白及基因表达,观察阳和化岩汤对乳腺癌的作用效果。结果:与空白对照组比较,三苯氧胺组、阳和化岩汤组明显降低Bcl-2蛋白及mRNA表达(P<0.05),三苯氧胺组、阳和化岩汤组、化痰组、解毒组明显提高细胞色素C蛋白及mRNA表达(P<0.05)。结论:阳和化岩汤可降低Bcl-2蛋白及mRNA表达,激活细胞色素C,加速癌细胞的凋亡,阻断相关通路活化,进而抑制癌变进程。     

Dehydrocorydaline inhibits breast cancer cells proliferation by inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells

Dehydrocorydaline is an alkaloid isolated from traditional Chinese herb Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang. We discovered that it possessed anti-tumor potential during screening of anti-tumor natural products from Chinese medicine. In this study, its anti-tumor potential was investigated with breast cancer line cells MCF-7 in vitro. The anti-proliferative effect of dehydrocorydaline was determined by MTT assay and the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ Ψ m) was monitored by JC-1 staining. DNA fragments were visualized by Hoechst 33342 staining and DNA ladder assay. Apoptotic related protein expressions were measured by Western blotting. Dehydrocorydaline significantly inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose- dependent manner, which could be reversed by a caspase-8 inhibitor, Z-IETD-FMK. Dehydrocorydaline increased DNA fragments without affecting ΔΨm. Western blotting assay showed that dehydrocorydaline dose-dependently increased Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression. Furthermore, dehydrocorydaline induced activation of caspase-7,-8 and the cleavage of PARP without affecting caspase-9. These results showed that dehydrocorydaline inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis mediated by regulating Bax/Bcl-2, activating caspases as well as cleaving PARP.