断指再植指骨钢丝内固定体会

断指再植指骨钢丝内固定体会林本丹，李光昭对断指再植术中骨骼固定，以往我们多采用纵行单根克氏针固定法，虽然操作简单快捷，但不利于术后功能恢复。１９９１年以来，对在指骨体平面断离的手指，再植时我们采用不经过关节的钢丝内固定法，收到良好效果。报告如下：临床...     

弧形交叉髓内钉在近节断指再植中的应用

目的 探索近节断指再植指骨内固定的更好方法,利于术后指功能的康复.方法 对12例15指近节断指再植患者应用弧形交叉髓内钉替代经皮克氏针内固定,并观察术后指功能康复效果.结果 弧形交叉髓内钉内固定对骨指端的对位和固定稳定性能好,对相邻关节面无损伤.结论 弧形交叉髓内钉可作为断指再植指骨内固定的又一新方法,有助于术后的早期功能活动和恢复,减少并发症.     

趾节移植桥接再植指节缺损性断指

目的:研究手指节段缺损断指的再植方法,使再植后的手指长度、外形及功能更接近健指。方法:近侧指间关节毁损,远侧指间关节完整的断指,应用含有近侧趾间关节的节段性足趾移植完成桥接再植。结果:再植15例17指全部成活。术后随访7～28个月,一期修复后的患指长度、外形近似健指,两点辨别觉为5～15mm;11指经功能锻炼后指间关节主动活动度达屈50～70°,伸0°,6指屈曲小于40°,经二次手术肌腱松解后屈曲50～70°,伸0°。结论:节段性足趾组织移植与断指再植融合在一起,是治疗手指节段缺损的有效再植方法。     

双手八指离断伤再植成功二例报告

2004年12月-2005年1月,我科连续完成了2例8指离断再植手术,均取得成功,现报道如下. 　　例1女,26岁.双手10指被切纸机切断3 h,于2004年12月1日急诊入院.局部检查：右拇指于指间关节处斜行离断,示指于近节基底不全离断,中指于近节处离断,环指于近节指间关节处离断;左拇指、示指于掌指关节平面离断,中、环指于近节基底离断,4指有部分指蹼相连;双侧小指指端缺损长约0.3cm,创缘较为整齐.全麻下,行双侧1～4指再植术,小指创面予V-Y推进皮瓣修复.手术分4组同时进行,2组负责左、右手断指清创,标记指神经、血管;另2组负责左、右手近端清创和完成再植手术.左手采用拇、示、中、环指同时再植,拇指掌指关节融合于功能位,示指掌指关节成形;右手按示、拇、中、环指顺序一一再植,（待植手指均放入4℃冰箱内冷藏保存）拇指指间关节和环指近侧指间关节融合于功能位,骨折均采用克氏针固定,修复伸肌腱、侧腱束和指深屈肌腱,吻合指动脉14条、指背静脉14条、指腹静脉3条,指神经16条.离断手指均在伤后10 h内重获血运.术后再植8指顺利存活,5周后拔除克氏针,进行功能锻炼.术后3个月随访,再植手指感觉恢复至S3＋,生活能自理.     

吻合指掌侧静脉断指再植42例治疗体会

随着显微外科的发展，各种复杂类型的断指再植已取得较好疗效。我科自1995年8月～2000年10月，对42例57指伴有指背静脉缺损及指尖无法行指背静脉吻合的断指再植采用吻合指掌侧静脉的方法进行再植手术，再植成活率达91.2%，现报道如下。１资料与方法１．１一般资料本组再植42例57指，其中43指为吻合指掌侧静脉断指再植。男28例，女14例，平均23.4岁，均系完全离断。离断平面：近节指体19指，近指间关节15指，中节指体14指，远指间关节及末节9指。损伤性质：压砸伤19指，电锯伤17指，绞伤11指，撕脱伤10指。１．２手术方法本组均采取臂丛神经…     

儿童小指旋转撕脱性断指再植

1997年 2月～ 1999年 8月 ,我们对 7例儿童小指旋转撕脱性断指进行再植 ,取得了比较满意的疗效。1　资料与方法1. 1　一般资料本组共 7例 ,男性 3例 ,女性 4例 ;年龄 7～ 13岁 ,平均 10岁。致伤原因 :机器皮带轮伤 4指 ,摩托车链条伤 3指 ,均为单指完全离断。受伤平面 :中节 4指 ,近节 3指。1. 2　手术方法(1)骨、关节修复 :7个手指骨缩短 0 5ｃｍ～ 0 8ｃｍ ,重建骨支架采用纵行克氏针或交叉克氏针固定 ,其中远侧指间关节融合 2指 (2 )肌腱修复 :屈肌腱缝合用ｋｅｓｓｌｅｒ法 ,伸肌腱用褥式法。其中环指浅屈肌腱转位修复指深屈肌腱 3指 …     

拇(手)指末节旋转撕脱性断指再植

自2004年2月～2005年2月开展断指再植手术拇手指末节旋转撕脱性离断12例13指(拇指3例),10例(含拇指3例)直接再植成活,1例中指末节移位再植食指末节成活,1例坏死。报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组12例13指,男性10例11指,女性2例2指,年龄21～41岁,平均28岁。其中车床损伤10例,缫丝厂丝线勒伤2例。离断部位:均在远指间关节周围,伴有中节指骨(拇指近节)远端骨折8指(粉碎性2指),指间关节处离断2指,远节指骨近端骨折1例,关节完全粉碎性骨折2例。1.2手术方法行臂丛麻醉,均在电动气囊止血带下进行。常规肥皂乳刷洗及12000洗必泰盐水泡洗伤口共约…     

487例(685指)断指再植体会

目的 探讨断指再植手术的经验与技巧.方法 回顾性分析487例(685指)断指再植的临床资料.结果 685指成活622指,成活率达90.8%.411例(578指)获得1～5年随访:指间关节僵直21指,屈肌腱粘连17指,行松解术,另有13指肌腱粘连由于不影响功能未行松解术,4指指腹萎缩、感觉差;其余外观、功能和感觉均较理想,拇指关节自主活动度＞90°,手指关节自主活动度260°～170°,两点辨别觉为＜6 mm.按中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准评定:优393指,良130指,差55指;优良率为90.5%.结论 具备丰富的手术经验和技巧才能完成复杂、高难度的再植手术,并适当拓宽断指再植的适应证,获得较高的成功率.     

经关节平面离断的断指再植

断指再植时通常要短缩指骨 ,如是经关节平面的断指势必造成指关节的破坏 ,严重影响再植手术的关节功能。 1993年以来 ,我们选择经关节平面离断的断指 87指 ,行保留指关节的断指再植 ,取得了良好的效果。一、资料与方法　　 1.一般资料 :本组共 86例 87指 ,男 61例 62指 ,女 2 5例 2 5指 ;年龄 16～ 5 8岁 ,平均 3 6岁。离断关节平面 :掌指关节 7指 ,近侧指间关节 63指 ,远侧指间关节 17指。致伤原因 :剪板机离断伤 3 2指 ,旋转撕脱伤 2 7指 ,挤压撕脱伤 19指 ,刀具切割伤 9指。本组中 ,采用血管移植或邻指动脉转位修复 45指 ,采用邻指带指动…     

86例末节断指再植的临床分析

目的 总结86例126指末节断指再植的临床治疗及疗效.方法 在放大16倍的手术显微镜下对末节离断指进行清创,按常规的骨折内固定、缝合断裂的肌腱等再植顺序,分别对Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型病例进行再植,血管缺损者行静脉移植,未吻合静脉或静脉回流欠佳者术后行放血等处理.结果 114指顺利存活,成活率为90.5%.术后随访见再植指外形饱满,痛、温觉恢复,指腹两点分辨觉为6～8 mm,患指远指间关节屈、伸活动正常.结论 末节断指行再植可恢复美观的外形和良好的功能,应尽可能行再植手术,血管缺损者可取静脉移植,未吻合静脉或回流欠佳者行放血疗法等可提高断指的成活率.     

断指再植指骨可吸收髓内钉固定的临床应用

目的分析断指再植应用可吸收髓内钉固定指骨的疗效。方法2001年9月～2003年10月，对28例工业性断指，男21例21指，女7例7指；年龄18～35岁。指别：食指11例，中指8例，环指6例，小指3例，其中近节指骨15例，中节指骨11例，末节指骨2例。于伤后1～6h进行急诊再植，并应用自行研制的可吸收消旋聚乳酸(poly-DLlactic acid，PDLLA)混合壳聚糖髓内钉固定指骨。手术先扩大指骨髓腔，然后安插合适直径和长度的髓内钉进行固定，术后用树脂绷带固定3～4周。结果28例断指再植均成活，术后随访3～10个月，平均4个月。有1例于术后3周出现排异反应，余27例在随访期内骨折均达骨性愈合。按中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准：优18指，良9指，差1指，总优良率96．4％。结论可吸收PDLLA混合壳聚糖髓内钉是断指再植固定指骨的一种理想方法。     

The results of replantation after amputation of a single finger

We reviewed fifty-nine consecutive cases of patients who had replantation of a single finger (excluding the thumb) after traumatic amputation, with an average follow-up of fifty-three months. Fifty-one (86 per cent) of the replanted fingers survived. Survival was found to be affected by the age of the patient, the number of vessels that were anastomosed, and the replantation experience of the surgeons. The survival rate was not affected by the gender of the patient, the mechanism of injury, or which finger was amputated. As compared with survival only, the functional results were most dependent on the level of amputation. The proximal interphalangeal joint in amputated fingers that were replanted distal to the insertion of the flexor superficialis tendon had an average range of motion of 82 degrees after replantation, while those amputated proximal to the insertion had an average range of motion of only 35 degrees after replantation. The average operating time was six hours and ten minutes, and the average time until the patient returned to work was 2.3 months. Based on this experience, it is our opinion that replantation of a single finger that was amputated distal to the insertion of the flexor superficialis tendon is justified, but that replantation of a single finger that was amputated proximal to this insertion is seldom indicated.     

Digital replantations distal to the distal interphalangeal joint

Microvascular replantations of digits distal to the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint were reviewed in 33 digits of 29 patients. Twenty-five digits were completely amputated and eight were incompletely amputated. Ten of 33 replants failed and 23 digits survived. Even without venous reconstruction, good results were obtained in Zone I. Of eight completely amputated digits in Zone 1 in which venous reconstruction was not performed, seven digits survived. Of four completely amputated digits in Zone 2 without venous reconstruction, all became necrotic. In digits followed for six months or more after surgery, 11 of 13 replantations showed good functional recovery. Two digits that developed paresthesia after replantation were functionally useless. Seven digits without bilateral digital nerve reconstruction were reviewed six months or more after surgery. Sensory recovery was good in the digital phalanx; the factor impeding functional recovery was the development of paresthesia. Replanted digits distal to the DIP joint are thus satisfactory in both function and cosmesis, even if digital nerves have not been reconstructed. The replantation of such digits should be considered.     

确炎舒松-A对断指再植后感觉功能恢复的影响

目的 评价确炎舒松—A对断指再植后感觉功能恢复的影响。方法 选择23例24指因切割伤行断指再植的病例，对照组13例14指，治疗组10例10指。治疗组按指神经走行，于离断平面近端1cm正常组织处的指神经周围注射确炎舒松一A0．3ml和0．5％布比卡因0．2ml，并分别于手术后第3个月、6个月和12个月时进行感觉功能评价。结果 3个月时治疗组和对照组感觉功能恢复无统计学差异(P＞0．05)；6个月和12个月，治疗组优于对照组(P＜0．05)。结论 指神经周围注射确炎舒松一A有利于断指再植后的感觉功能恢复。     

Hand reconstruction using heterotopic replantation of amputated index and little fingers

In cases of severe segmental injury across the hand and wrist, but one or other fingers are still in peak condition, the fingers can be selected for replantation at the forearm bones to restore pinch function. Here we reported an unusual case with a severe crush-avulsion amputated injury to the right hand caused by a machine accident. We conducted hand reconstruction using heterotopic replantation of the amputated index and little fingers.During 19 months follow-up, the bone union healed well with satisfactory outcome. The interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint of the fingers after the heterotopic replantation had a good holding activity. This is a worthwhile procedure and the patient is satisfied with the result. The major disadvantage of this method is the poor appearance of the reconstructed fingers.     

Digital replantation in children

This article reports a series of 21 cases of digital replantation in children between 14 months and 10 years of age (mean age, 3 1/2 years) who had a total of 32 digits traumatically amputated. The amputation levels were proximal phalanx in 15 digits, proximal interphalangeal joint in 3 digits, middle phalanx in 3 digits, and distal interphalangeal joint in 11 digits. All but one digit survived after replantation, for an overall survival rate of 96.6%. The longest ischemic time was 28 hours. Several technical points related to the success of this series of cases are discussed in detail.     

断指再植中三种不同内固定方式的临床比较

目的比较断指再植中AO微型钢板、交叉克氏针及十字钢丝3种不同内固定方式的临床疗效。方法AO微型钢板组(A组)30例42指,术后随访3~12个月,平均5.3个月。克氏针组(B组)40例48指,术后随访1年以上。十字钢丝组(C组)35例40指,术后随访4~12个月,平均5.5个月。分析骨折愈合时间、再植指存活率,以及再植指掌指关节和指间关节的功能(TAFS评定标准评定)。结果A、B、C3组再植指存活率分别为92.9%,95.8%和92.5%;3组相比差异无统计学意义(x2=0.52,P>0.05)。A、B、C3组再植指关节活动恢复的优良率分别为84.6%,60.9%,和64.9%;3组相比差异有统计学意义(x2=6.21,P<0.05)。3组骨折愈合时间分别平均为4.8周(4~6周),7.8周(6~9周),6.3周(5~8周)。结论断指再植骨架内固定方法中,AO微型钢板组的疗效明显优于克氏针及十字钢丝组。     

Osteosynthesis in digital replantation using bioabsorbable rods

There are several fixation techniques for osteosynthesis in digital replantation. Kirschner wire fixation is used commonly but the wires protrude and disturb mobilization. Moreover, it requires removal. Since February 1995, the authors have been using a bioabsorbable rod made of poly-L-lactide as an intramedullary nail for osteosynthesis in digital replantation. The advantages of this technique include the absence of protruding hardware that would require removal and technical simplicity. This method has been applied for 15 arthrodeses (12 distal interphalangeal joints, 1 proximal interphalangeal joint, and 2 interphalangeal joints of the thumb) and for 11 diaphysis fractures (5 proximal, 5 middle, and 1 distal phalanx). All patients were observed until there was clinical and radiographic evidence of fusion (average interval to fusion, 8.4 wk). Bone resorption occurred in one patient. There were no cases of nonunion or infection. Poly-L-lactide rod fixation is a simple and effective technique.     

TRANSPOSITIONAL REPLANTATION OF DIGITS: Case reports

Heterotopic or transpositional replantation of digits is technically feasible with results similar to those of conventional replantation procedures. Occasionally in multiple digital amputations not all the digits may be replanted in their correct place as a result of complex injuries proximal to the amputation zone or severe damage to important fingers. In these circumstances the amputated digits that are in the best condition as regards undamaged tissue are used for replantation. The primary priority is an optimal functional outcome and the secondary priority the cosmetic outcome. Amputated long digits will always be used to substitute for a non-replantable thumb rather than to replace a long finger. We present 13 cases of successful transpositional digit or joint replantations in traumatic amputations of more than one digit.