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银杏外种皮的化学成分和药理作用 总被引:31,自引:1,他引:30
概述近年来对银杏外种皮的化学成分、药理作用以及毒性方面的研究概况。银杏外种皮的化学成分主要有烃基酚和酚酸类、双黄酮类、银杏风酯类、甾醇和甾因等。其药理作用主要有对呼吸的作用,对心血管的作用,抗炎作用,抗过敏作用,对免疫功能的影响,对肿瘤的影响,抗真菌作用以及抗缺氧和抗衰老作用等。本文还展望了银杏外种皮的研究前景。 相似文献
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目的:观察小鼠一日内给予较大剂量的银杏露时的急性中毒及死亡情况。及连续重复给予银杏露对大鼠所产生的毒副作用情况,为拟定人用安全剂量提供参考。方法:急性毒性试验为测定小鼠最大给药量方法,长期毒性试验为大鼠连续以银杏露60、30、15g(生药)/ml灌胃给药,观察小鼠各项有利生理,病理指标的方法。结果:银杏露对小鼠一日内灌胃的最大药量为240g(生药)/kg,大鼠长期毒性试验结果显示银杏露对大鼠的体重,活动情况,进食量,外表体征,血象,血液生化,脏器系数,病理检查等指标等均无不良影响。结论:银杏露按拟定临床剂量及疗程服用是安全的。 相似文献
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目的:探索一条脱除银杏酚酸的工艺,使银杏酚酸的含量能够控制在5PPM以下。方法:乙醇提取后大孔吸附树脂纯化,最后用有机溶剂萃取。结果:银杏叶八月采摘,银杏叶粉碎,过10目筛,用6倍量70%乙醇加热回流2次,每次大约2小时,收集滤液,过DA201或者HPD-5000树脂,柱温控制在室温条件下,流速选择2BV/h,收集不超过3.5倍上柱量的溶液,经乙酸乙酯萃取,银杏酚酸的含量分别为2.55PPM,1.48PPM。结论:银杏酚酸的含量能够控制在5PPM以下,符合实验设计要求。由于银杏叶来源和采摘时间不同,导致银杏叶提取物质量波动较大,此方法虽然可以控制酚酸含量,但同时也降低了萜内酯和银杏内酯的含量,因此,控制银杏叶的来源成为银杏叶生产厂家的重要任务。 相似文献
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《中国药房》2017,(4):547-550
目的:为银杏的综合利用和银杏酚酸的进一步研究提供参考。方法:以"银杏酚酸""提取""药理""检测""Ginkgo phenol acid""Ginkgolic acids"等为关键词,组合查询2000年1月-2016年6月在Pub Med、Springer、Science Direct、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库中的相关文献,对银杏酚酸的提取分离方法、检测方法、药理作用和制剂研究等进行综述。结果与结论:共检索到相关文献321篇,其中有效文献54篇。银杏酚酸的提取分离方法有回流法、微波法、层析法、树脂吸附法和超临界CO2萃取法等;检测方法主要有常规的薄层色谱法、气相色谱法、荧光分光光度法、高效液相色谱(HPLC)法、紫外分光光度法以及联合应用的固相萃取-HPLC法、HPLC串联大气压化学电离源质谱法、HPLC-二极管阵列检测法和HPLC-电喷雾质谱等。银杏酚酸主要有抗肿瘤、抑菌和杀菌、抗病毒、杀虫等药理作用和抗氧化活性。银杏酚酸提取分离及分析检测方法成熟,但是现有剂型品种匮乏,大多数研究仍停留在基础研究阶段,局限在杀虫等农药领域或是简单的功能性食品方面。开发银杏酚酸的新剂型,如纳米混悬剂、微乳、微囊、微球、包合物、固体分散体、脂质体等,将其用于生物农药、功能性食品、抗肿瘤或是抗病毒制剂,具有很好的前景。 相似文献
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本文建设用测定抑制血小板激活因子(PAF)引起的血小板聚集作为市售银杏浸膏生物标准化的方法,本法对银杏苦内酯A,B,C和J是专一的,并且不受浸膏中其他成分的影响,银杏苦内酯B的IC50值可用于标定由专门方法提取的各种银杏浸膏中等效银杏苦内酯B的含量,为比较化学分析和生物测定的值,必须计算各银杏浸膏中等效银杏总苦内酯的含量,其计算与气相层析结果一致,所以银杏浸膏制剂除化学标准化外,生物标准化也是可行的。 相似文献
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银杏外种皮提取物中的内酯含量测定 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
吴红菱 《中国医药工业杂志》2002,33(5):226-226,234
采用HPLC法测定了4批银杏外种皮提取物中的银杏内酯A,银杏内酯B和白果内酯含量,其总内酯平均含量为5.6%。结果显示,以不同溶剂提取外种皮或以不同方法处理提取液所得提取物在各内酯含量上均存在差异。 相似文献
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Analysis of the content of flavonoids, phenolic acids as well as free radicals from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves during the vegetative cycle. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The content of flavonoids, total phenolic acids and free radicals has been determined respectively by Christ-Muller method, HPLC and EPR in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. during the vegetative cycle. The relationship between these parameters has been discussed. 相似文献
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高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸的含量高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸的含量 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的建立银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸含量的HPLC测定方法。方法银杏叶提取物及其制剂经石油醚提取,提取液浓缩后用石油醚定容,HPLC直接测定,并用LC/MS对其中的银杏酸进行了定性鉴定。色谱分析条件:色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-2,流动相为甲醇-3% HAc溶液(92∶8),流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃,紫外检测波长310 nm。结果银杏叶提取物中存在6种银杏酸C13:0,C15:0,C15:1,C17:1,C17:2和一种可能是C17∶3的银杏酸化合物,其中C13∶0,C15∶1和C17∶1占总银杏酸的94%以上。实验测得高银杏酸含量的提取物中银杏酸含量为1.12%,RSD为2.4%(N=5);银杏叶提取物片剂中银杏酸含量为49.2 μg·g-1,RSD为4.3%(N=5)。平均回收率98.2%,RSD为2.6%(N=5)。结论该方法准确、快速、简便,可用于银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸的定量分析。 相似文献
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银杏酸的高效液相色谱法测定 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
目的建立银杏酸的简便预净化处理和HPLC含量测定方法。方法用LC/DAD/ESI/MS对银杏酸进行定性鉴定。银杏叶经正己烷提取、硅胶柱色谱净化处理,HPLC测定。色谱分析条件:色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-2,流动相为甲醇-3% HAc溶液(92∶8),流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温40℃,紫外检测波长310 nm。结果银杏叶中存在5种银杏酸C13∶0,C15∶0,C15∶1,C17∶1和C17∶2,其中C15∶1和C17∶1约占银杏酸的85%,C17∶2银杏酸未见国内文献报道。银杏叶提取物经硅胶柱色谱处理后,其HPLC谱中除银杏酸峰外,几无其他杂质峰。平均回收率97.0%,RSD为1.7%(N=6)。结论该方法准确、简便、可靠,可用于银杏酸的定量分析。 相似文献
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In this paper, an HPLC-DAD-ELSD method was developed to determine main 20 components of Ginkgo bilobaL. leaves from different ages and sources, including six flavonol glycosides, five terpene lactones and nine organic acids. Using statistics method and establishing relevant mathematics models, the measured data has proceeded correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and regression statistics and the results showed generalityand specific characteristics. We defined p-hydroxybenzoicacid, catechinic, KRcG and ginkgolide A as characteristic indexes representing commonnessand specialityof Ginkgo biloba L. leaf. The four characteristic indexes can reflect the quality of Ginkgo biloba L. leaf, and the internal relations between them are significant.The contents of other compounds could define the quantity relation with characteristic markers. It simplified the approach of quality control, and provided a basis for quality control of Ginkgo biloba L. 相似文献
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银杏黄酮类物质抗肿瘤作用初探 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
目的探测银杏黄酮类物质的抗肿瘤作用。方法微核检测法测定银杏黄酮对致畸作用的防护;H3标记法检测银杏黄酮对体外培养的YAC-I细胞增殖的影响;原位注射法检测银杏黄酮对小鼠体内S-180实体瘤生长的影响。结果银杏黄酮处理组小鼠的微核率明显低于对照组,抑核率为48.23%;YAC-I细胞在银杏黄酮作用24h和48h后,增殖受到明显抑制,浓度为2500μg/ml时,增殖基本停滞;荷瘤小鼠在接受原位注射银杏黄酮后,肿瘤生长受到明显抑制,抑瘤率为56.99%。结论银杏黄酮可防护环磷酰胺的致畸作用;对体内体外肿瘤细胞的增殖均具抑制作用。 相似文献
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银杏叶提取物对CYP酶的影响及与其他药物的相互作用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
综述了近年来银杏叶提取物(Ginkgo biloba extract)与其他药物相互作用的研究进展。研究表明银杏叶提取物在大鼠体内和人体内外对CYP酶的影响不一致。人体内银杏叶提取物对药物代谢酶CYP 2C19和CYP 2E1有诱导作用,分别增强了美芬妥因、奥美拉唑和氯唑沙宗的代谢。银杏叶提取物通过降低血中超氧化物歧化酶水平而发挥抗氧化作用,提高了抗精神病药物的疗效。银杏叶提取物还可能与阿司匹林、华法林和曲唑酮等发生药效学方面的相互作用,在临床应用中要引起重视。因此,需要进一步在人体内研究银杏叶提取物与其他药物的相互作用。 相似文献
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目的研究银杏外种皮多糖(Ginkgo biloba exocarppolysaccharides,GBEP)对宫颈癌细胞生长及增殖的影响。方法通过经典方法提取银杏外种皮多糖,通过MTT方法检测GBEP对处理宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响;Transwell检测GBFP对宫颈癌细胞迁移的作用;通过Real time PCR和ELISA检测细胞迁移相关蛋白MMP-2的表达。结果银杏外种皮多糖处理后的宫颈癌细胞增殖抑制率上升,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义。银杏外种皮多糖用药后,迁移能力降低,MMP-2基因表达下降。结论银杏外种皮多糖对宫颈癌细胞的增殖和迁移可能会起到抑制作用。 相似文献
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Yasuko Yamamoto Yutaka Adachi Yoko Fujii Chiaki Kamei 《Nihon shinkei seishin yakurigaku zasshi》2005,25(2):85-90
Ginkgo biloba extract is widely used as a herbal medicine or dietary supplement in Europe, since Ginkgo biloba extract is effective in facilitation of learning and recollection of memories. However, little is known about the mechanism of the action of Ginkgo biloba extract on learning and memory enhancements. On the other hand, it is well known that cholinergic, histaminergic and glutamatergic systems play a crucial role in learning and memory in animals. Therefore, in order to elucidate the mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract on memory, we studied and clarified the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on spatial memory deficits induced by scopolamine, diphenhydramine or MK-801 using eight-arm radial maze performance. It was found that Ginkgo biloba extract improved the spatial memory deficits induced by scopolamine. Ginkgo biloba extract also caused repair to spatial memory deficits induced by diphenhydramine. On the other hand, no significant effect was observed with MK-801-induced spatial memory deficits. These findings suggest that the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract is mediated not only by the cholinergic system but also by the histaminergic system to induce learning and memory enhancements. 相似文献
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《Pharmacological reports : PR》2019,71(3):503-508
BackgroundThe present study was conducted to investigate the effect of intense intermittent exercise and Ginkgo biloba on the hippocampal levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and also memory and learning in young rats.MethodsForty two eight-week-old rats were randomly divided into six groups including control, low dose of Ginkgo biloba (65 mg/kg), high dose of Ginkgo biloba (100 mg/kg), exercise, exercise + low dose of Ginkgo biloba, exercise + high dose of Ginkgo biloba. The exercise protocol or Ginkgo biloba administration was six days a week for six weeks. The hippocampal levels of BDNF and NT-4 were measured by ELISA method, and learning and memory were evaluated by Morris water maze test in all groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.ResultsIncrease in hippocampal levels of BDNF and NT-4 appeared following exercise (p < 0.01). The levels do not change following exercise + Ginkgo biloba administration. However, the NT-4 level decreased in the high dose of Ginkgo biloba group (p < 0.01). Disorder in learning and memory was indicated following the use of low dose of Ginkgo biloba or exercise + low dose Ginkgo biloba administration (p < 0.001). Learning elevated in the exercise group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsExercise in young rats may increase brain neurotrophin levels and lead to improved learning. The preventative or protective role of Ginkgo biloba against some diseases has been suggested, but its consumption in young athletes is recommended with caution. 相似文献