男性慢性肝病患者下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴功能的研究

用放射免疫法检测６１例男性慢性肝病患者血清睾酮（Ｔ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２），泌乳素（ＰＲＬ）、促黄体生成素（ＬＨ）和卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）的浓度，并对部分病例进行促黄体生成素释放激素（ＬＲＨ）垂体兴奋试验和绒毛膜促性腺激素（ＨＣＧ）刺激试验。结果示，肝硬 化基础血清Ｔ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；对ＬＲＨ垂体兴奋ＬＨ多数呈正常反，部分呈延迟反应或低反应，而对ＨＣＧ刺激试验均呈正常反应，提示肝硬化患者有下丘脑－     

坤更欣胶囊对雌性“更年期”大鼠血清E2、FSH、LH水平的影响

目的观察坤更欣胶囊对雌性“更年期”大鼠血清雌二醇（E2）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）水平的影响,为其临床应用提供依据。方法将50只自然更年期Wistar大鼠随机分为更年期对照组、更年安组及坤更欣高、中、低剂量组各10只,另设青年大鼠10只为青年对照组。各组常规性饲养1周后,后五组分别予更年安胶囊、坤更欣胶囊及等体积生理盐水灌胃,1次／d,连续15d;末次灌胃并禁食12h后取静脉血,采用放射免疫分析法测定血清E2、FSH、LH水平。结果与青年对照组比较,更年期对照组血清E2水平显著降低,FSH、LH水平显著升高（P均〈0．01）;与更年安组及更年期对照组比较,坤更欣胶囊高剂量组血清E2水平显著升高,FSH、LH水平显著降低（P〈0．01或0．05）。结论坤更欣胶囊能明显提高“更年期”大鼠血清E2水平、降低血清FSH及LH水平,此为其治疗女性更年期综合征提供了依据。     

健康婴儿LH、FSH、雌二醇与睾酮的血清浓度

目的研究正常婴儿血LH、FSH、雌二醇(E2)与睾酮(T)的血清浓度变化。方法用免疫化学发光分析法对358名正常婴儿(男婴183,女婴175)的LH、FSH、E2和T水平进行测定,同时对3个月内婴儿的其他可能相关指标(出生体重、孕期、胎次、母亲年龄及分娩方式)进行了研究。结果(1)婴儿期4种激素水平变化男婴LH、FSH在2~3月龄时达高峰(LH3.5IU/L,FSH3.4IU/L),6月龄后趋平坦(LH1.5IU/L,FSH<1.5IU/L),T在2~4月龄时达高峰(9.15mmol/L)后快速下降,6月龄后稳定在一个较低的水平(<1.34nmol/L);女婴FSH在2~3月龄达高峰(7.1IU/L),LH与T在整个婴儿期的水平几乎是条直线(LH<4.7IU/L,T<2.49nmol/L)。男女婴的E2水平在生后快速下降,3月龄后达最低值。(2)性别差异LH和T在6月龄前男婴明显高于女婴,6月龄后无性别差异。FSH水平各月龄组女婴均高于男婴,E2除2月龄前女婴高于男婴外,3~12月龄时无性别差异。(3)3月龄内婴儿促性腺激素、性激素水平与出生体重、孕期、胎次、母亲年龄及分娩方式未显示相关关系。结论婴儿在2~4月龄时的血促性腺激素与性激素水平有个暂时的高峰期,并有明显性别差异,可能与两性性腺发育的不同调控机制有关。     

睾酮对衰老心肌细胞及细胞周期调控因子的作用

目的 探讨不同剂量睾酮对心肌细胞衰老的干预作用及其可能机制.方法 用1 μmol/L、 100 nmol/L、10 nmol/L三种剂量睾酮干预自然衰老的小鼠心肌细胞,应用流式细胞仪检测各组细胞周期分布,用RT-PCR及Western印迹检测各组细胞p16INK4a、cyclinD1 mRNA、蛋白及去磷酸化RB蛋白的表达.结果 与衰老心肌细胞相比,1 μmol/L、100 nmol/L、10 nmol/L睾酮干预细胞G0/G1期比例明显降低(P＜0.05),这一作用具有剂量依赖性.睾酮干预可上调cyclinD1mRNA及蛋白表达,下调p16INK4a mRNA及蛋白表达,并使去磷酸化RB蛋白表达下降(P＜0.05),而这些作用均可被雄激素受体阻断剂而不被雌激素受体阻断剂所阻断(P＜0.05).结论 睾酮可剂量依赖性的抑制小鼠心肌细胞衰老,这一作用部分是通过睾酮上调cyclinD1表达,下调p16INK4a及去磷酸化RB蛋白表达而实现的.     

血清LH、AMH、FSH水平与剖宫产瘢痕妊娠子宫动脉栓塞术后再妊娠的关系

目的 探究血清促黄体生成素（LH）、抗缪勒管激素（AMH）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）与剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（CSP）子宫动脉栓塞术后再妊娠的关系。方法 选取86例CSP患者,均采用子宫动脉栓塞术治疗。统计术后3年再妊娠情况,收集术后3年内患者临床资料（年龄、孕次、剖宫产次数、月经恢复时间及瘢痕病灶直径）;术前及术后第1、3、6个月经周期第2～4 d用电化学发光法检测血清LH、AMH、FSH;用Logistic回归分析CSP患者子宫动脉栓塞术后再妊娠的影响因素;绘制受试者工作特征曲线,用曲线下面积分析血清LH、AMH、FSH水平对CSP患者子宫动脉栓塞术后再妊娠的预测价值。结果 术后3年再妊娠53例（再妊娠组）,再妊娠率61.6%(53/86);未妊娠33例（未妊娠组）。两组年龄、孕次、剖宫产次数、月经恢复时间及病灶直径比较差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。术后第1、3、6个月经周期妊娠组LH、FSH水平低于未妊娠组,AMH水平高于未妊娠组,比较差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,术后血清LH、AMH、FSH水平均与CSP患者子宫动脉栓塞术后再妊娠独立...     

老年男性骨质疏松症与血清雌二醇及睾酮关系的研究

目的探讨老年男性骨质疏松症（OP）与血清雌二醇及睾酮的关系。方法采用双能X线法检测189例老年男性骨密度,分别检测雌二醇（E2）、睾酮（T）、降钙素（CT）、25羟维生素D（25-OH—VitD）、甲状旁腺素（PTH）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的指标。结果OP组的血清E2、CT及25-OH—VitD水平均低于骨量正常组（P〈0．05）,PTH高于骨量正常组（P〈0．05）,两组的血清T水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,OP组70～90岁及≥80岁两组的血清E2水平均低于60～69岁组（P〈0．05）,三组的血清T水平呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,OP组血清E2水平与骨密度呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论血清E2水平与老年男性OP密切相关,应重视E2对老年男性OP的预警作用。     

健康老年男女性激素水平与NT-proBNP的相关性

目的探讨健康老年人血浆总睾酮、雌二醇、黄体生成素与NT-proBNP水平之间的关系。方法选择60～70岁健康绝经期女性134例,同年龄段健康男性92例,检测血浆总睾酮、雌二醇、黄体生成素及NT-proBNP水平;并将入选女性及男性依NT-proBNP<125 pg/ml及125≤NT-proBNP<400 pg/ml各分为两组,分别比较总体及男、女NT-proBNP高水平组和低水平组间各性激素水平差异及其与NT-proBNP的相关性。结果男、女及总体NT-proBNP高水平组和低水平组间血浆雌二醇、黄体生成素水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),而男、女及总体NT-proBNP高水平组血浆总睾酮水平均低于NT-proBNP低水平组(总体:P=0.003;男:P=0.003;女:P=0.000)。Spearman相关分析发现老年男、女及总体中黄体生成素和雌二醇水平与NT-proBNP均无相关关系(P>0.05),而血浆总睾酮水平与Pro-BNP均呈负相关关系(男:r=-0.318,P=0.002;女:r=-0.312,P=0.000;总体:r=-0.217,P=0.001)。结论睾酮水平与NT-proBNP在健康老年人群中呈负相关关系,睾酮水平可能是引起老年健康女性NT-ProBNP水平明显高于同年龄健康男性的一个重要因素。     

复方睾酮酯在男性尿毒症血液透析患者中的应用

将72例男性尿毒症透析患者随机分为观察组40例和对照组32例，对照组采用重组人促红细胞成素（rHuEPO）常规治疗，观察组则使用复方睾酮酯加半量rHuEPO治疗，疗程3个月。观察治疗前后睾酮及各血液相关指标变化。结果两组治疗后红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积均明显升高（P均〈0．01）。观察组血清睾酮水平明显高于治疗前及对照组（P均〈0．01）。对照组中6例因高血压停药，观察组无明显不良反应。提示复方睾酮酯可明显改善男性尿毒症透析患者的贫血状态，提高睾酮水平，且不良反应少。     

男性Graves病患者唾液睾酮及血清性激素水平的变化

本文观察了20例男性Graves病患者抗甲状腺药物治疗前后的唾液睾酮及血清中几种性激素水平的变化,并与年龄、性别相配对的20例健康者进行了比较分析。患者治疗前唾液睾酮水平明显低于正常,治疗后显著上升,与血T_3、T_4的变化呈负相关;治疗前血总睾酮、雌二醇、LH及FSH显著高于正常,治疗2个月后除雌二醇外均随T_3、T_4的下降而下降。本文结果支持唾液睾酮不受SHBG的影响,提示Graves病患者游离睾酮减低。     

Luteal cell receptor content for prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH): regulation by LH and PRL.

The effect of LH and PRL during the differentiation of granulosa cells to luteal cells was examined by determining the ability of LH and PRL to regulate luteal cell receptor content for these hormones and to increase production of progesterone. Preovulatory follicles and corpora lutea were hormonally induced in immature hypophysectomized female rats by sequential treatment with estradiol, hFSH and oLH. The content of receptor for LH was high in granulosa cells of large antral follicles. Administration of LH caused receptor for LH to decrease markedly within 24 h and to remain low for 96 h. In contrast, granulosa cell content of receptor for PRL increased progressively for 48 h following LH stimulation and remained elevated in fully luteinized cells at 96 h. This increase in PRL receptor appears to be functionally related to the ability of luteal cells to respond to PRL. When PRL was given for 4 days after LH, both luteal cell progesterone production and LH receptor content increased progressively after, but not before, 48 h. Since these changes occurred in the absence of LH, the increase in LH receptor appears to be a consequence of, but not a requirement for, the PRL-induced increase in progesterone production. If daily injections of PRL were delayed for 72 or 96 h following LH induction of lutenization, luteolytic rather than luteotropic effects of PRL were observed. Since receptor for PRL remained elevated at 72 and 96 h, intracellular mechanisms and not receptor content, appear to be effecting the response of luteal cell to PRL.     

The effects of long-term testosterone,gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and pimozide treatments on testicular development and luteinizing hormone levels in juvenile and early maturing striped bass,Morone saxatilis

The present study was conducted to test the responsiveness of the juvenile male reproductive axis to hormonal stimulation and to compare it to that of early maturing males. Long-term treatments with various combinations of T, GnRHa and pimozide did not result in an increased incidence of early maturing males, but did stimulate spermatogenesis slightly in juvenile fish. In early maturing males, the treatments appeared to be inhibitory since they resulted in a reduction of the GSI and a lower incidence of spermiating males. In early maturing males, pituitary LH content was elevated by GnRHa treatments alone while in juvenile males a combination of T and GnRHa was needed to increase the levels of LH in the pituitary. Thus, T may play an important role during puberty by potentiating the effects of GnRH on LH synthesis. In both juvenile and early maturing males, plasma LH levels could be increased only by high doses of GnRHa (in combination with T). Therefore, LH synthesis and release probably require different levels of GnRH stimulation. A GnRH challenge (single injection of 50 microg GnRHa/kg) at the end of the experiment resulted in a dramatic elevation of plasma LH levels in almost all animals. This finding demonstrates that pituitaries from juvenile and early maturing males were responsive to GnRHa stimulation, even after long-term hormonal treatments. The addition of pimozide did not affect the T- and GnRHa-induced increase in pituitary LH content but inhibited the release of LH in response to a GnRHa challenge. In conclusion, high doses of GnRHa in combination with T can increase plasma LH levels in juvenile males but do not induce complete testicular maturation. Factors other than T, GnRHa or LH are probably involved in the induction and completion of spermatogenesis.     

北京健康人群睾酮和雌二醇水平及其增龄性变化

目的 调查北京地区各年龄段健康人群血清睾酮及雌二醇水平，分析其与增龄的相关性。方法用放免法测定血清样本睾酮及雌二醇浓度。结果 北京地区60～69及70-79岁二组男性健康人群血清睾酮水平显著低于青、中年人群（P〈0．05）；女性健康人群血清睾酮水平分别在30-39及60-69岁二个年龄段呈快速下降，而在30-59岁年龄区间呈相对稳定；北京地区50-59岁及60-69岁二组健康女性血清雌二醇水平显著低于20～49年龄段人群；血清睾酮及雌二醇水平与增龄间均无显著直线相关（r〉-0．975）。结论 北京地区健康人群血清睾酮及雌二醇亦平随增龄呈规律性下降，但不适宜作为人群增龄或老化的生物学指征。     

Prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone are regulators of testicular PRL receptors in golden hamsters

The ability of PRL, FSH, and LH to regulate testicular PRL receptors in golden hamsters was evaluated using a variety of experimental protocols. Exposure to a photoperiod of 5 h of light and 19 h of darkness (5L:19D) for 11 weeks precipitated a 94% reduction in content (femtomoles per testes) of testicular PRL receptors and, concomitantly, a decrease (P less than 0.05) in plasma PRL, but not LH or FSH. One pituitary gland under the kidney capsule in 5L:19D-housed hamsters increased (P less than 0.05) both the concentration (femtomoles per mg protein) and content of PRL receptors, as well as those of plasma PRL and FSH. Similar treatment in 14L:10D-housed hamsters produced comparable changes in plasma PRL and FSH without affecting PRL receptors. Injections of L-dopa for 7 days into hamsters housed in 5L:19D for 11 weeks significantly elevated serum FSH concentrations, had no measurable effect on serum PRL and LH, and induced a greater than 2-fold increase in PRL receptor levels. In a separate study, hamsters housed in 5L:19D for 12 weeks were injected for 3 days with 250 microgram ovine (o) PRL, 25 microgram oLH, or 5 microgram oFSH, and results were compared with vehicle-injected, 5L:19D- and 14L:10D-housed controls. Injections of oPRL and oLH increased (P less than 0.05) PRL receptor concentration and content, with PRL being more efficacious. No anti-oPRL antibodies were produced by oPRL injections. In this study, injections of oFSH were without effect on PRL receptors. To ascertain the effects of each hormone in the absence of other trophic influences, experiments were conducted in hypophysectomized hamsters injected daily for 3 days (2-4 days posthypophysectomy) with one of the following: 5 or 25 microgram oLH; 10, 50, or 250 microgram oPRL; or 1 or 5 microgram oFSH. Hypophysectomy reduced the concentration and content of PRL receptors by 85%, and treatment with 50 or 250 microgram oPRL increased (P less than 0.05) these low levels almost 3-fold. Again, no anti-oPRL antibodies were induced. Injection of 5 microgram oLH or 25 microgram oFSH also induced increases (P less than 0.05) in PRL receptors. Hypophysectomy reduced basal and hCG-stimulated in vitro testicular testosterone production (nanograms per testes/4 h) to levels less than 20% of control values. None of the hormonal treatments affected (P less than 0.05) basal testosterone production in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Effects of acute stimulation with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on biologically active serum luteinizing hormone (LH) in elderly men

This study was designed to characterize the response pattern of biologically active LH (BIO-LH) after Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) acute administration in healthy elderly men, in comparison with normal young adult men. Serum levels of BIO-LH under basal conditions and in response to the iv injection of 0.1 mg synthetic GnRH were measured in 6 healthy elderly men (mean age 74.2 yr), as well as in 9 normal young men (mean age 27.4 yr). A sensitive in vitro bioassay, based upon testosterone production by mechanically dispersed mouse Leydig cells, was employed to assess LH biological activity. Levels of immunoreactive LH (RIA-LH) and basal testosterone (T) concentrations were determined by a double antibody radioimmunoassay technique. Mean basal levels of BIO-LH and RIA-LH were significantly increased in elderly men, compared to levels in young men, whereas the mean basal ratio of LH in vitro bioactivity to LH immunoreactivity (LH B/I ratio) and mean basal T concentrations were significantly lower in the elderly group. After GnRH administration, the B/I ratio of serum LH remained unchanged both in elderly and in young men. The mean relative maximum response for BIO-LH (BIO-LH delta %) was significantly lower in elderly men than in the younger male subjects, whereas mean BIO-LH response areas (BIO-LH delta areas) were not significantly different in the two groups. The mean peak response for both BIO-LH and RIA-LH was observed at 45 min in the elderly group and at 30 min in the younger subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)