婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿自发穿孔的诊治

目的探讨先天性胆总管囊肿自发性穿孔的诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析11例婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿自发性穿孔患儿的临床资料。结果本组8例经术前腹腔穿刺确诊胆道自发性穿孔,其中5例经B超或CT诊断胆总管囊肿。3例行一期胆总管囊肿切除加胆道重建术(胆总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术);6例行胆道外引流加腹腔引流术,2例行胆囊置管引流加腹腔引流术,3~6个月后行胆总管囊肿切除加胆道重建术。11例患儿治疗后均恢复良好。结论婴幼儿胆总管囊肿自发穿孔容易误诊,掌握其临床特点、提高诊断意识以及根据患儿具体情况选择合理的手术方式是提高术前诊断率和减少术后并发症的关键。     

腹腔镜治疗小儿胆道穿孔12例临床体会

目的:总结腹腔镜手术治疗小儿胆道穿孔的临床体会。方法:2008年12月至2015年12月收治12例胆道穿孔患儿,均经腹腔镜探查证实为胆道穿孔,根据病情分别行胆总管囊肿T管引流+腹腔引流、胆囊造瘘术+腹腔引流、单纯腹腔引流。结果:12例患儿均成功完成手术,术后未出现胆道出血、胆漏等并发症。胆汁引流及腹腔引流24~72 h后,临床症状缓解,腹痛显著减轻,体温降至正常,黄疸逐步消退。8例胆总管囊肿穿孔患者术后6个月行二期胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术,其中5例在腹腔镜下完成二期手术,3例因胆总管周围粘连重、分离困难中转开腹。结论:腹腔镜用于小儿自发性胆道穿孔的诊断与治疗避免了盲目开腹探查的缺点,创伤小,手术视野广,对腹腔及肠管干扰小,手术时间短,胆总管囊肿穿孔不影响二次腹腔镜手术。     

外科治疗小儿先天性胆总管囊肿20例体会

目的 总结外科治疗小儿先天性胆总管囊肿的疗效。方法 20例先天性胆总管囊肿患儿，6例先行外引流术，待3～5周病情平稳后，2例行Ⅱ期囊肿切除、胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术；9例行胆总管囊肿后壁囊内粘膜剥离及囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术；5例小囊肿行囊肿全切除及肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果 1例行外引流的患者术后2d死于感染性休克、DIC，余19例中术后发牛腹水3例，胆肠吻合口瘘2例，切口裂开2例，肺部感染1例，经对症治疗后治愈。16例获8个月～8年获访，无明显胆道感染的临床表现。13例胃肠道钡餐检查，仅2例有反流但不超过空肠胆支的1／3；无一例发生癌变。结论 小儿先天性胆总管囊肿一经确诊应早期手术，手术时应尽量切除病变，并行适宜的胆道重建术。     

胆总管囊肿穿孔的手术治疗

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿穿孔的诊断及治疗方法。方法 对10例胆总管囊肿穿孔的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 男6例,女4例。平均年龄4．5岁。病程＜12h者4例,12－72h者3例,＞72h者3例。2例穿孔前合并感染,8例穿孔前无明显不适。7例行一期囊肿切除、胆道重建术,5例术后恢复顺利,2例发生吻合口漏,其中1例穿孔前合并感染,1例病程＞72h;3例先行外引流,3个月后行囊肿切除、胆道重建术。结论 胆总管囊肿穿孔如为早期且治疗及时,可一期行囊肿切除、胆道重建术。     

婴幼儿胆道穿孔诊治体会

目的 探讨婴幼儿胆道穿孔的病因、诊断和手术方式. 方法 对我院1990~2005年间收治的10例婴幼儿胆道穿孔病例诊治情况进行回顾性分析. 结果 7例术前确诊,病因是先天性胆总管囊肿,行一期根治或引流术后二期根治术,另3例分别是胆石症、胆蛔症、医源性损伤,均治愈. 结论 婴幼儿胆道穿孔发病率低,病因主要是先天性胆总管囊肿.腹穿和腹水淀粉酶测定、B超检查有助于提高早期确诊率.初次手术提倡便捷有效的外引流术,术后需长期随访.先天性胆总管囊肿应行囊肿切除+肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术.     

31例先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗

本组31例先天性胆总管囊肿病人均采用外科手术治疗，切除胆总管囊肿，用2种方法重建胆道（Roux-Y吻合术与间置空肠代胆道术），18例Roux-Y吻合术后并发粘连性肠梗阻2例，13例间置空肠代胆道加矩形瓣，术后恢复顺利，随访27例，平均2年6月（3月－6年），未发生并发症，胆总管囊肿切除，Roux-Y吻合术与间置空肠代胆道术是先天性胆总管囊肿切除后胆道重建适宜选用的手术。     

先天性胆总管囊肿23例诊治体会

目的探讨先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断和治疗方法。方法对23例先天性胆总管囊肿患者行胆总管囊肿切除,肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y端侧吻合术,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果 2例出现胆漏,经引流8～12 d后好转,1例反复胆道感染,经抗菌素治疗症状得到控制,余患者恢复良好。结论胆总管囊肿切除,肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y端侧吻合术是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的较好术式。     

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先天性胆管扩张症是指肝内、外胆管单独或联合的先天性发育异常,多发生于女性,常在婴幼儿期发现。随着医学影像检查在临床应用,少数于成年期发现确诊。先天胆管扩张症多发生于胆总管,并呈梭形扩张,最多见者为I型(先天性胆总管囊肿)。扩张的胆管内胆汁淤滞潴留,可并发胆管炎、结石、穿孔,少数囊壁发生恶变。先天性胆总管囊肿于成年期一经确诊,无论症状轻重,如无手术禁忌证均应手术治疗。目前主张,除非有特殊的适应证,不宜采取内引流或外引流术。彻底切除囊肿,重建肝外胆道是根治先天性胆总管囊肿的标准术式。     

先天性胆总管囊肿再手术原因分析

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术的原因及预防措施。方法 对6例胆总管囊肿再次手术的临床资料进行分析。结果 急诊囊肿外引流术1例,需二期手术;囊肿内引流术后因反复胆道感染3例;囊肿切除胆肠重建术后并发吻合口狭窄1例,空肠胆道支扭曲胆汁引流不畅1例。结论 对急危重胆总管囊肿患儿,宜先行外引流术,以抢救患儿生命;但择期手术者应避免单纯囊肿内引流,预防肝肠吻合口狭窄、空肠胆道支扭曲和肠内容物返流,以减少再手术率。     

胆总管囊肿自发性破裂

日本Nagoya大学医院外科在过去24年中共收治123例胆总管囊肿,其中5例(4.1%)发生自发性穿孔,病因不清,可能与胆道内蛋白塞子和胰胆管连接异常有关.该5例的年龄为9月～8岁,均有腹胀、疼痛、恶心和呕吐症状,4例有发热,2例有黄疸,均未能扪及胆总管囊肿的块物.术前化验检查示血清胆红素值增高5例、血清淀粉酶增高1例、GOT增高3例和GPT增高1例.术前确诊3例,依据腹腔穿刺所得的胆汁和超声扫描提示胆总管扩张的结果.均行急症剖腹探查,见穿孔均在胆总管与胆囊管交接处的前方,穿孔自针尖至6mm直径不等,在穿孔处置入T管,并作腹腔引流.胆总管均呈梭形,伴胆胰管连接异常.术后恢复顺利.第一次术后1～4月再施行根治术,切除扩张的胆总管以及胰内狭窄的胆管远端,作空肠肝管Roux-Y型吻合,术后良好.组织学检查示胆总管穿孔壁增厚,复盖有肉芽组织,后者的范围局限,穿孔处以外的胆管粘膜完整良好,近穿孔处的纤维肌层含有大而活跃核的成纤维细胞,血管丰富.讨论 1932年Dijkstra报道首例胆管自发性穿孔,此后陆续有病案报道.病理机制不明,推测可能与胆管壁先天性薄弱、胆管壁存有憩室或异常腺体,胆管内反流的胰液刺激其粘膜以及胆管病毒感染有关.胆管自发性穿孔与穿孔性胆总管囊肿是不同的疾     

Spontaneous perforation of right hepatic duct in a child with choledochal cyst

A 5-year-old girl with choledochal cyst (Alonso Lej, type I) and spontaneous perforation of the right hepatic duct during an attack of acute pancreatitis was treated by two-stage surgery. Biliary panperitonitis was diagnosed by abdominal paracentesis, bilirubin and amylase levels in the collected fluid being 41.3 mg/dl and 1812 Somogyi U, respectively. The initial surgery involved simple peritoneal drainage and decompression of the bile duct, followed by removal of a choledochal cyst and the common hepatic bile duct, including the biliary stricture of the left hepatic duct, and biliary reconstruction 5 months later. Cholangiogram after the initial surgery demonstrated pancreaticobiliary maljunction and stricture in the left hepatic duct and the common hepatic duct. Regurgitation of pancreatic juice into the bile duct was shown by the extremely high amylase level (90100 Somogyi U) in the bile drained through a T-tube. The patient is currently well, with normal liver and pancreatic function tests. The experience in this patient is significant in that it should be known that spontaneous perforation of the bile duct may occur at the right hepatic duct in choledochal cyst, causing biliary peritonitis.     

先天性胆总管囊肿癌变20例报告

目的总结先天性胆总管囊肿癌变的防治经验。方法回顾性分析1981-2006年间收治的先天性胆总管囊肿癌变20例的临床资料。结果原发癌变9例,内引流术后癌变11例。临床表现为非特异性,其中15例表现为化脓性胆管炎,5例为上腹部包块,均伴乏力、消瘦。原发胆总管囊肿癌变9例中7例行ERCP检查,其中6例合并胆胰管合流异常。手术方式包括剖腹活检术4例,T管引流4例,囊肿切除加胰十二指肠切除术6例,囊肿部分切除、肝左外叶切除2例,囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术4例。癌变主要位于囊壁18例,术后病理结果16例(16/20)为腺癌。术后生存期为4~31个月,平均12.7个月。结论胆胰管合流异常是先天性胆总管囊肿癌变的病因之一,临床表现不典型,术前诊断困难,预后极差,先天性胆总管囊肿行内引流术后更易癌变,对先天性胆管囊肿病人推荐行新的预防癌变的手术方式,术中冰冻切片检查有助于确诊,对侵及胰腺的病例考虑行囊肿切除及胰十二指肠切除术。     

先天性胆总管囊肿癌变的防治经验

目的：总结先天性胆总管囊肿癌变的防治经验。方法；对20年间收治的16例先天性胆总管囊肿癌变患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：7例既往未做过手术，9例为内引流术后癌变。临床表现为非特异性，其中12例表现为化脓性胆管炎，4例为上腹部包块，16例均伴乏力，消瘦。7例既往无手术史的癌变患者中5例行ERCP检查，其中4例合并胆胰管合流异常。手术方式包括剖腹探查术4例，T管引流术4例，囊肿切除加胰十二指肠切除术3例。囊肿部分发除，肝左外叶切除2例，囊肿切除，肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术3例。癌变主要位于囊壁者14例，术后病理结果腺癌占多数（13例）。术后生存期为4－31个月，平均12．7月。结论：先天性胆总管囊肿癌变的临床表现不典型，术前诊断困难，预后极差，行内引流术后更易癌变。应以预防为主，对先天性胆管囊肿患者推荐行囊肿完全切除术。术中冰切片检查有助确诊，对浸润至胰腺的病例应考虑行囊肿切除及胰十二指肠切除术。     

7 小儿胆石症的诊断与治疗

目的探讨小儿胆石症的病因、诊断及治疗方法。方法分析22例小儿胆石症的临床资料,20例行手术治疗,2例行非手术治疗。14例行胆囊切除术(其中8例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术),3例行胆总管切开取石、T管引流术,2例行胆囊切除、胆总管探查、T管引流术,1例行胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果18例经手术治疗后症状消失,术后1例出现胆瘘,经引流后痊愈,1例右肝管内结石残留。18例(81.8%)得到随访,4例失访。随访5个月至7年,患儿生长发育正常,3例偶有腹痛、腹胀,1例行二次胆总管切开取石术,术后恢复顺利。行非手术治疗的2例病人经保守治疗后近期症状缓解,其中1例症状反复发作。结论对有腹痛者首选B超检查,对有胆总管扩张或黄疸的患儿结合CT检查可提高正确诊断率;症状明显的胆石症应早期手术治疗;腹腔镜可作为胆囊切除的首选治疗方法。     

儿童自发性胆道穿孔诊治经验

目的 探讨儿童自发性胆道穿孔(spontaneous perforation of the bile duct,SPBD)的临床特点、诊断及治疗.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院2007年6月至2020年8月收治的36例SPBD患儿的临床资料,评价腹部超声和腹腔穿刺的诊断价值,比较胆囊置管引流、穿孔部位置管...     

Malignant tumors in choledochal cysts.

Between 1960 and 1975, 17 patients with congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct (choledochal cyst) were treated and three were associated with malignant tumors in the cysts and one was with carcinoma of the gallbladder. Preoperative diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in the choledochal cyst was established in one patient by cytologic examination of the bile which was obtained during the procedure of endoscopic pancreaticocholangraphy (EPCG) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Definitive treatment of the choledochal cysts associated with malignant tumors in the biliary tract was accomplished by excision of the cysts with tumor and choledochojejunostomy in two patients, by cystoduodenostomy following external drainage in one and by cholecystectomy with resection of invaded transverse colon in one with cancer of the gallbladder. Successful excision of choledochal cysts in 11 patients including three cases associated with malignant tumors in the biliary tract during the last 15 year period is the basis of this report.     

妊娠期胆总管囊肿的诊治分析

目的探讨妊娠期胆总管囊肿的临床特征、诊断和治疗方案。方法收集自2003年以来收治的3例妊娠期胆总管囊肿的临床资料．进行随访与回顾性分析。结果3例患者均为Ⅰ型胆总管囊肿,术前均有急性胆管炎发作史．1例患者孕22周因严重的胆管炎经非手术治疗无效而急诊行胆总管T管外引流术,术后出现先兆流产而行引产．于术后3月行囊肿切除胆管空肠Roux-Y吻合术。另2例均发生于妊娠晚期（孕34周,孕36周）,经非手术治疗控制胆管炎症状后．继续妊娠．于足月剖腹产后第6天及2周行囊肿切除胆管空肠Roux-Y吻合术。3例患者随访至今均情况良好。结论妊娠期胆总管囊肿以B超作为首选检查手段,对于B超无法确诊的患者,可选用MR-CP．妊娠期无症状者以随访为主．待分娩后再行胆总管囊肿切除术;对于有症状而经非手术治疗无效者,行胆总管T管外引流术．分娩后再行囊肿切除术。     

Nontraumatic perforation of the bile duct treated with laparoscopic surgery

Nontraumatic perforation of the bile duct (NPB), which has also been reported as spontaneous perforation of the bile duct, is a disease in which spontaneous perforation occurs in the wall of the extrahepatic or intrahepatic duct without any traumatic or iatrogenic injury. Although NPB in adults is extremely rare, we have treated two such patients using a laparoscopic technique. Both cases presented with intra-abdominal abscesses associated with common bile duct stones, and laparoscopic surgery for those conditions was initially performed. During the procedure, NPB was identified in the right intrahepatic duct in one case and in the left intrahepatic duct in the other case. Laparoscopic surgery consisting of common bile duct exploration, T-tube placement, cholecystectomy, and abscess drainage was safely performed in both cases. Both patients eventually recovered without major complications. Although NBP is an uncommon disease, it can be treated successfully with a laparoscopic procedure.