硬膜外麻醉与妇科术后腰痛

目的 探讨妇科术后腰痛的发生原因。方法 对需手术治疗的妇科患者，随机选用两种硬膜外穿刺方法，即水平法，硬膜外穿刺针尖剖面与脊柱轴线平行进针到硬膜外腔后再放置至置管所需方向置管，垂直法，硬膜外穿刺针尖剖面与脊柱轴线垂直进针到硬膜外腔后置管，比较两法术后腰痛发生率。结果 水平法穿刺５５例中，有７例发生腰痛，腰痛发生率１２．７％垂直法穿刺７８例中有２６全发生腰痛，腰痛发生率３３．３％，前才低于后者（Ｐ〈     

两种穿刺法对腰部硬膜外麻醉后腰痛的影响

硬膜外麻醉是我国最常用麻醉方法之一,而腰背痛是腰部硬膜外麻醉常见的并发症。笔者采用两种穿刺方法以探讨其对腰部硬膜外麻醉术后腰痛发生的影响。1资料与方法1.1病例选择选择拟在腰部硬膜外麻醉下行下腹部、下肢、会阴部手术的患者60例,男28例、女32例;年龄18~54岁;ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级。患者无重要器官及系统疾病史,脊柱活动正常,并除外既往有腰背疼痛病史者、脊柱严重畸形者、硬膜外穿刺后不能顺利置入硬膜外导管者。60例患者分为2组,每组30例。1.2方法Ⅰ组:硬膜外穿刺针尖剖面与脊柱轴线垂直进针,至硬膜外腔后置管,即垂直法;Ⅱ组:硬膜外穿刺…     

腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉侧人法在剖宫产手术中的应用

目的探讨腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉侧入法在剖宫产手术中的应用。方法选择剖宫产手术100例,年龄20～40岁,身高155～175cm,体质量75～110kg,美国麻醉医师协会体格检查分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为A、B2组,每组50例。A组为侧入法,取L2-3间隙正中旁开0．5～1．5cm为穿刺点,垂直进针到达椎板后改变角度突破黄韧带进入硬膜外腔,或者垂直进针不到椎板而直接突破黄韧带进入硬膜外腔,之后用针内针行腰麻穿刺,见脑脊液外流或回抽有脑脊液后注入0．5％盐酸布比卡因2mL（0．75％盐酸布比卡因2mL加10％葡萄糖1mL）,注药后退出腰穿针,迅速向头端硬膜外置管3～4cm固定平卧。B组为直入法,取L2-3间隙正中为穿刺点;垂直进针经过棘上、棘间韧带后突破黄韧带到达硬膜外腔,余操作步骤同A组。结果A组第1、2次穿刺成功率分别为96．0％与100％,明显高于B组的84．0％与62．5％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;穿刺失败的2例改用侧入法穿刺成功。结论腰硬联合麻醉侧人法与直入法均可应用于剖官产手术中,但侧入法明显提高了穿刺成功率,有效减少了反复穿刺引起的出血、感染及腰痛等并发症。     

硬膜外麻醉后腰背痛的防治(附66例术毕导管内用药疗效分析)

为观察硬膜外麻醉后腰痛的发生率及治疗办法 ,将 6 6例硬膜外麻醉病人分为Ⅰ组 (地塞米松组n =2 7) ;Ⅱ组 (地塞米松加维生素B12 、复方丹参组n =18) ;Ⅲ组 (生理盐水组n =2 1) ,观察各组腰痛的发生率和疼痛的程度。结果显示 :Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组术后疼痛的发生率分别为 2 9.6 %、16 .7%和 5 7.1% ,Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组比较P >0 .0 5 ,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较P <0 .0 1;疼痛程度 :Ⅰ组 2级疼痛与Ⅲ组比较P <0 .0 5 ,Ⅱ组各级疼痛与Ⅲ组比较P <0 .0 5。认为地塞米松及维生素B12 、复方丹参均可减少硬膜麻醉后腰背痛的发生率及减轻疼痛程度     

地塞米松降低腰部硬膜外麻醉腰背痛

目的　对比观察术前、术毕硬膜外腔地塞米松对腰部硬膜外麻醉腰背痛的预防效果 .方法　选择 ASA ～ 级在腰部硬膜外麻醉下手术患者 12 0 0例 ,均分为 4组 ,硬膜外腔首次量均为 19m L 利多卡因复合液 .组 ∶ 2 0 g· L- 1 利多卡因 18m L和 9g· L- 1氯化钠注射液 1m L;组 :同组 ,同时静注地塞米松 (Dexa) 1m L(5 mg) ;组 :2 0 g· L- 1 利多卡因 18m L加 Dexa 1m L (5 m g) ;组 :同组 ,但于术毕硬膜外腔注入 7.5 g· L- 1 丁哌卡因 5 m L 加 Dexa1m L(5 mg) .此后全组患者按手术需要硬膜外腔注入 5 g· L- 1 丁哌卡因5～ 8m L.结果　术后前 3d组 , , 和 腰背痛发生率分别为 2 4.7% ,2 3.3% ,8%和 8.7% .组 和组 腰背痛发生率明显多于组 和组 (P<0 .0 1) ,且疼痛程度明显重于后两组 ,组 和组 或组 和组 间无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) .组 ,组 硬膜外穿刺次数与术后腰背痛明显正相关 (P<0 .0 1) ;组 ,组 腰背痛发生率及硬膜外穿刺次数与腰背痛无明显关系 (P>0 .0 5 ) .结论　硬膜外腔地塞米松有效预防腰部硬膜外麻醉后腰背痛 ,其疗效不受注药时机的影响 .     

三种麻醉方式用于剖宫产手术的比较

目的比较单次硬膜外麻醉、腰一硬联合麻醉、连续硬膜外麻醉在剖宫产手术中的效果。方法急诊手术240例，随机分为三组，Ⅰ组为单次硬膜外麻醉，Ⅱ组为腰一硬联合麻醉，Ⅲ组为连续硬膜外麻醉。术中观察平均动脉压、心率、血氧饱和度，记录麻醉效果和起效时间、局麻药用量及术中、术后并发症。结果三组患者在平均动脉压、心率、血氧饱和度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），Ⅰ组患者麻醉效果最好，满意率100％，Ⅱ组次之，Ⅲ组最差；起效时间，Ⅱ组最快，Ⅰ组次之，Ⅲ组最慢，Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间有显著性差异。局麻药用量Ⅱ组最少。术中、术后并发症Ⅰ组有低血压4例，Ⅱ组有低血压12例，恶心呕吐4例，术后头痛9例，Ⅲ组低血压5例，恶心呕吐1例。三组患者均无全脊髓麻发生。结论单次硬膜外麻醉用于剖宫产手术是最好的方法。     

三种麻醉方法在新式非脱垂子宫经阴道切除术中的对比观察

目的观察三种麻醉方法在新式非脱垂子宫经阴道切除术中的效果。方法择期新式非脱垂子宫经阴道切除术病人64例，ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级。年龄42～58岁，体重45～72kg。随机分为三组，Ⅰ组为单管硬膜外麻醉组（18例），选L2～3；Ⅱ组为双管硬膜外麻醉组（21例），选两点T11-12 L4-5；Ⅲ组为腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉组（25例），选L2—3，直入法进针行硬膜外穿刺，继而以笔尖式腰穿针行针内针法腰穿。所有病人穿刺置管都一次性成功，穿刺置管过程不顺者排除研究组。观察麻醉起效时间，局麻药用量，麻醉效果及术后头痛恶心等并发症。结果Ⅲ组麻醉起效时间明显快于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组（P〈0．01）。局麻药用量Ⅲ组明显减少（P〈0．01），Ⅱ、Ⅲ组优良率明显好于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）。结论腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉是新式非脱垂子宫经阴道切除术较为理想的麻醉方法。     

纳美芬对硬膜外吗啡镇痛的影响

目的：纳美芬静脉给药对术后硬膜外单次吗啡镇痛的效果和不良反应的临床观察。方法剖宫产患者90例, ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,经L2～L3硬膜外腔穿刺置管麻醉,术毕硬膜外导管单次推注吗啡2mg（5ml）后随机分为3组,Ⅰ组静脉注射0.25μg／kg纳洛酮（5ml）;Ⅱ组静脉注射0．1μg／kg纳美芬（5ml）;Ⅲ组静脉注射0．2μg／kg纳美芬（5ml）。观察3组患者术后24h疼痛评分,下肢麻木、恶心、呕吐发生率及皮肤瘙痒的发生情况。结果与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的疼痛评分、下肢麻木发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在6、12、24h恶心、呕吐发生率及皮肤瘙痒发生率低于Ⅰ组,在3h与Ⅰ组比较,差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间在任何时刻不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论对比小剂量纳洛酮,纳美芬静脉给药可更长时间降低硬膜外吗啡单次镇痛引起的不良反应,镇痛方法可靠而有效。     

低浓度罗哌卡因硬膜外输注对静吸复合全麻的影响

目的：观察低浓度罗哌卡因硬膜外输注对静吸复合全麻的影响。方法：上腹部择期手术的患者60例，随机分为全麻组(Ⅰ组)、全麻 2％利多卡因硬膜外麻醉组(Ⅱ组)、全麻 0．2％罗哌卡因硬膜外持续输注组(Ⅲ组)，每组各20例。3组全麻方法相同，Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组全麻前先行硬膜外麻醉，Ⅱ组以2％利多卡因为局麻药物硬膜外麻醉；Ⅲ组以0．2％罗哌卡因行硬膜外麻醉，即先给予硬膜外麻醉负荷剂量，然后接硬膜外恒速持续输注泵，再行全麻。观察3组患者在诱导时、插管时、术中探查时的血流动力学的变化；记录各组芬太尼、异氟醚用量和拔管时间。结果：血流动力学改变Ⅲ组明显比Ⅱ组、Ⅰ组稳定，在诱导和探查前由于加深麻醉可见Ⅱ组血压明显降低(P＜0．05)，而在插管和探查时Ⅰ组SBP明显高于Ⅱ，Ⅲ组(P＜0．05)，Ⅲ组则变化平稳。Ⅱ，Ⅲ组全麻药用量明显少于Ⅰ组，清醒拔管时间也明显短于Ⅰ组(P＜0．05)。结论：全麻复合0．2％罗哌卡因硬膜外持续输注用于上腹部手术能很好地抑制应激反应、减少全麻药的用量、缩短拔管时间，有利于循环稳定，可提高麻醉的安全性。     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉在肾移植术中的应用研究

目的 对比观察甲磺酸罗哌卡因、盐酸罗哌卡固和盐酸布比卡因用于腰-硬联合麻醉在肾移植术中的效果。方法 90例肾移植患者被随杌分为甲磺酸罗哌卡因组（Ⅰ）、盐酸罗哌卡因纽（Ⅱ）和盐酸布比卡因组（Ⅲ）。3组均采用腰-硬联合麻醉。分别注入0.596％甲磺酸罗哌卡因14.3mg、0．5％盐酸罗哌卡因12．0mg和0．5％盐酸布比卡因8．0mg重比重液。观察3种药物对感觉、运动神经的阻滞情况，以及麻醉的不良反应。结果 Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的感觉阻滞差异均无显著性（P〉0．05），而Ⅰ、Ⅱ组感觉阻滞迭到T30和最高阻滞平面的时间均长于Ⅲ组（P〈0．05），感觉阻滞恢复到T10的时间显著短于Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）。3组最大感觉阻滞时间和最太感觉阻滞平面的差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组运动阻滞起效时间慢于Ⅲ组（P〈0.05），术后运动恢复时间快于Ⅲ组（P〈0.05），3组的最大阻滞程度和最大运动阻滞时间的差异元显著性（P〉0.05）。3组围术期不良反应差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 甲磺酸罗哌卡因可安全有效地用于腰硬联合麻醉在肾移植术中的应用，与盐酸罗哌卡因差异无显著性，而较盐-酸布比卡因感觉阻滞时间短。运动阻滞程度轻。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.