条件性线索诱发复吸的心理神经机制

复吸是药物成瘾的主要特征之一,也是治疗药物成瘾要解决的主要问题.研究中发现有3类因素可以有效地诱发复吸:(1)与先前用药行为有关的环境线索(2)成瘾性药物的再接触(3)遭遇应激事件.用药过程中相关的环境线索与用药行为多次匹配后获得明显的动机价值,成为条件性线索.条件性线索大致可分为两类:一类为不连续的条件性线索(discrete conditioned cue);另一类为背景性的线索(contextual cues ).条件性线索能诱发成瘾者强烈的药物渴求心理和条件性情绪反应,并进一步导致复吸.因而,条件性线索是诱发复吸的重要因素,本文从心理学和神经基础两方面揭示条件性线索诱发复吸的机制.     

网络游戏成瘾患者注意定向的行为学研究

目的 探讨游戏经验对网络游戏成瘾者注意定向的影响.方法 采用改良的注意网络测试范式对17名网络游戏成瘾者进行测试,分析成瘾者的相应行为学表现.结果 1.网瘾组与对照组在有效和无效两种提示线索条件下的平均反应时(RTs)分别为[(614.27 ±85.25)ms,(645.46 ±80.24)ms],[(710.24 ±131.42)ms,(765.53 ±142.53)ms].组内平均RTs差异具有显著性(P<0.05);组间平均RTs差异具有显著性(P<0.01).2.网瘾组在3个提示线索水平上的RTs[网络游戏图片(643.65 ±90.82)ms,中性面孔图片(616.73 ±82.19)ms,中性风景图片(629.21 ±78.20)ms],短于对照组[网络游戏图片(744.54 ±140.42)ms,中性面孔图片(727.98 ±142.26)ms,中性风景图片(741.13 ±138.21)ms],差异具有显著性(P<0.05).3.网瘾组在三个提示线索图片水平上RTs从有效提示[网络游戏图片(619.02±91.00)ms,中性面孔图片(604.90 ±90.71)ms,中性风景图片(618.87 ±77.85)ms]至无效提示[网络游戏图片(668.28 ±86.27)ms,中性面孔图片(628.56 ±73.53)ms,中性风景图片(639.54 ±79.54)ms]的变化趋势(斜率)差异具有显著性(P<0.05).结论 网络游戏成瘾者在外源性和内源性注意定向两方面同时提升,其中内源性注意能力的提升权重可能大于外源性注意.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the facilitative mechanism of the behavioral improvement resulting from gaming experience in internet gaming addicts. Methods Seventeen gaming addicts and twenty normal subjects were involved in the study, and their behavioral performance were evaluated by using the revised paradigm of event-related design. Results 1. Mean reaction times (RTs) under valid and invalid cue conditions were ( (614.27 ± 85.25)ms,(645.4±80.24)ms)and ((710.24 ± 131.42)ms,(765.53 ± 142. 53)ms) respectively. There were statistically significant differences of mean RTs within each group (P < 0. 05 ) and between the two groups (P < 0.01 ). 2. There were statistically significant differences of mean RTs on three cue levels between addiction group (online game picture(643.65 ±90.82) ms,neutral face picture(616. 73 ±82. 19)ms,neutral picture(629. 21 ± 78.20)ms) and control group(game picture (744. 54 ± 140. 42) ms, neutral face picture ( 727. 98 ± 142.26)ms, neutral picture(741. 13 ±138. 21)ms, P<0.05).3. There were statistically significant differences on trends of mean RTs on three cue levels of addiction group between valid cue condition ( online game picture (619. 02 ± 91.00) ms,neutral face picture (604.90 ±90. 71 )ms,neutral picture (618.87 ±77.85)ms) and invalid cue con-dition( online game picture ( 668. 28 ± 86. 27 ) ms, neutral face picture ( 628. 56 ± 73. 53 ) ms, neutral picture (639.54 ±79. 54) ms, P<0. 05). Conclusion Both exogenous and endogenous attention orientation are improved in internet gaming addicts. Enhancement of endogenous attention function resulting from gaming experience might be greater than that of exogenous attention.     

Development and evaluation of the heroin abstainers’ cue-sensitization questionnaire

In order to develop the heroin abstainers＇ cue-sensitization questionnaire （HACSQ）, and evaluate its reliability and validity, during March and April in 2006, the cross-sectional sample survey and cluster sampling were adopted among 939 volunteer participants who were heroin abstainers from 5 compulsive detoxification centers in China. The data were collected by the self-report questionnaires. The reliability analysis included Cronbach＇s a coefficient, split reliability and test-retest reliability, while construction validity was analyzed in the light of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Based upon the exploratory factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted, which were social emotion cue （SEC）, direct implement cue （DIC）, personnel cue （PC） and indirect implement cue （IIC） and they together explained 64.52% variance. According to the data, test-retest reliability coefficient ranged from 0.57 to 0.63, and Cronbach＇s α coefficient ranged from 0.86 to 0.95 across the 4 factors and HACSQ. The adjusted goodness of fit index was 0.75. It was suggested that the HACSQ demonstrated good validities and reliabilities, and may be used as a reliable assessment tool for the cue-sensitization among the heroin abstainers.     

多功能超高倍显微分析仪在细菌性阴道病诊断的临床应用

目的 :探讨多功能超高倍显微分析仪 (THMMDI- U P)直接检测线索细胞在细菌性阴道病 (bacterialvaginosis BV )诊断方面的临床价值。方法 :严格筛选 97例患者 ,用 THMMDI- UP和普通显微镜同时检测活体线索细胞 (clue cells)以及革兰氏 (G)染色后同时检测线索细胞。结果 :直接活体检测线索细胞阳性率 10 0 % ,G染色后同时检测线索细胞阳性率 6 8% ;两种仪器在检测线索细胞上无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,两种方法检测线索细胞阳性率相比存在显著性差异 (P<0 .0 0 1)。结论 :THMMDI- U P直接活体检测线索细胞可帮助临床诊断 BV,方法优于普通显微镜活体或 G染色检测线索细胞。     

多功能超高倍显微分析仪在细菌性阴道病诊断的临床应用

目的:探讨多功能超高倍显微分析仪(THMMDI-UP)直接检测线索细胞在细菌性阴道病(bacterial vaginosis BV)诊断方面的临床价值.方法:严格筛选97例患者,用THMMDI-UP和普通显微镜同时检测活体线索细胞(clue cells)以及革兰氏(G)染色后同时检测线索细胞.结果:直接活体检测线索细胞阳性率100 %,G染色后同时检测线索细胞阳性率68 %;两种仪器在检测线索细胞上无显著性差异(P＞0.05),两种方法检测线索细胞阳性率相比存在显著性差异(P＜0.001).结论:THMMDI-UP直接活体检测线索细胞可帮助临床诊断BV,方法优于普通显微镜活体或G染色检测线索细胞.     

等压点学说、瀑布效应与气道钢性

按等压点(equal pressure point)学说,内源性呼气末正压(PEEPi)是由于等压点的过早外移而产生[1];按瀑布效应(waterfall),给予气道小于PEEPi(约75%PEEPi)的外加呼气末正压(PEEP),可对抗PEEPi。故对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的PEEPi外加约75%PEEPi水平的PEEP能有效地对抗PEEPi     

细菌性阴道病检查方法比较

目的 比较细菌性阴道病(bacterial vaginosis BV)检查方法.方法 以经典革兰染色法做对照,采用线索细胞检测(盐水湿片法,可疑行复红染色)以及Bvset(联合诊断细菌性阴道病)试剂盒相结合的检测方法.结果 BV set法+线索细胞检测(盐水湿片法)阳性率为23.6%;线索细胞检测(革兰染色)阳性率为19.8%;结论 BV set法+线索细胞检测(盐水湿片法)阳性率更高,检测快速,与金标革兰染色无显著性差异.     

线索细胞常规检查法在细菌性阴道病中的诊断价值

目的 探讨线索细胞常规法在细菌性阴道病诊断中的价值.方法 用棉拭子收集病人阴道分泌物,分别用传统Amsel法及线索细胞常规检查法进行分析.结果 线索细胞常规检查法与Amsel法比较无统计学差异,其灵敏性(96.9%)、特异性(97.5%)、正确诊断指数(97.5%)均较高.结论 线索细胞常规检查方法简单、经济、易于临床推广应用.     

Clinical Application of the Point Yongquan

Yongquan (KI 1) is-a jing (well) point of theKidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin.As this point iswidely used for treatment of acute or chronic diseases,it has drawn attentions from physicians both in theancient and in the present times.If this point is taken     

硕士研究生定向遗忘的事件相关电位研究

目的 利用事件相关电位(event-related potentials,ERP)时空模式探讨定向遗忘的神经机制.方法 12名硕士生参与实验.采用项目线索方法,学习阶段首先呈现双字词,随后分别呈现线索提示该词需记忆、遗忘或无任务要求(控制组).在测试阶段进行新旧项目再认.应用任务线索三水平重复测量实验设计,分析了行为绩...     

SIGNIFICANCE OF MMP-2 AND TIMP-2 mRNA EXPRESSIONS ON GLOMERULAR CELLS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS

Objective To study the expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA on cultured rat mesangial cells (MsC) and in human diseased glomeruli, and to explore their significance in the development of glomerulosclerosis.Methods The expressions ofMMP-2, TIMP-2, and Col Ⅳ mRNA on cultured rat MsC stimulated by IL-1 or/and TGF-β1were investigated through Northern blot analysis. The levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA expressions and immunoreactivity of PCNA and Col Ⅳ in human diseased glomeruli from renal biopsies of lupus nephritis (LN) patients were examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Results The levels of MMP-2, TIMP-2, and Col Ⅳ mRNA expressions were markedly increased on cultured rat MsC stimulated by IL-1 or/and TGF-β1. Meanwhile, upregulation of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA expressions was confirmed in diseased glomeruli from patients with various subtypes of LN, and was closely related to the positive cell number of PCNA presentation and deposition of Col Ⅳ in glomeruli.Conclusion The results suggest that the over-expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA on glomerular cells might play a critical role in the development of glomerulosclerosis.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.     

健脑灵对小鼠常压耐缺氧能力和组织中丙二醛含量的影响

[目的]探讨健脑灵对小鼠常压耐缺氧能力和组织中丙二醛含量的影响.[方法]采用常压耐缺氧的方法及硫代巴比妥酸法测定了健脑灵组及对照组小鼠的存活时间及心脏及肝脏组织中丙二醛的含量.[结果]健脑灵能明显延长小鼠常压耐缺氧存活时间,降低组织中丙二醛的含量.[结论]健脑灵具有增强耐缺氧能力及降低组织中丙二醛含量的作用.     

广州市2019年两栖及爬行类动物食品霍乱弧菌污染状况

目的 了解广州市两栖及爬行类动物食品中霍乱弧菌污染情况,为两栖及爬行类动物食品的卫生监管与霍乱的防控提供参考。 方法 根据广州市人口分布情况、地域分布特点、食品生产、流通与消费水平等因素选择广州市5个行政区的超市、农贸/肉菜市场、批发市场及汕头市某养殖场,于2019年3月、5月、8月、10月及11月按随机抽样方法采集两栖及爬行类动物食品（活牛蛙与活甲鱼）,参照《霍乱防治手册》的方法要求进行霍乱弧菌的检测。 结果 共采集两栖及爬行类动物食品127份,霍乱弧菌总阳性率为4.72%（6/127）;蛙类霍乱弧菌阳性率为6.90%（6/87）,甲鱼中未检出霍乱弧菌。从采样区域看,阳性样品来自荔湾区、白云区与汕头市;从采样场所看,阳性样品采自农贸/肉菜市场、批发市场及养殖场;从样品产地看,6份阳性样品主要采自本省其他市及省外;从采样时间看,仅10月和11月检出霍乱弧菌;霍乱弧菌阳性样品在不同区域、场所、产地及月份间分布差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;分离到的6株霍乱菌株血清型均为O1群稻叶型,毒力基因（ctxA）为阴性。 结论 广州市两栖及爬行类动物食品霍乱弧菌总体污染水平较低,建议加强对蛙类养殖环节的霍乱弧菌污染监测。     

多指标联合检测在肝病诊断中的意义

目的了解谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、α-岩藻糖苷酶（AFU）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶同工酶（ASTm）、腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）、亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP）6项指标在肝病诊断中的意义,且分析筛选了多指标联合检测用于肝病诊断。方法使用全自动生化分析仪对156例各种肝病和43例正常人血清的6项指标进行检测,用统计软件SPSS 13.0对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果急性肝炎时ALT、ASTm、AST、LAP均显著增高,其AUC分别为0.863、0.897、0.714、0.879;慢性肝炎重度时ALT、AST、ASTm显著升高,其AUC分别为0.875、0.895、0.786;肝硬化时ADA、AST均显著升高,其AUC分别为0.896、0.850;肝癌时ASTm、ADA、LAP、AFU均显著升高,其AUC分别为0.679、0.888、0.723、0.844。结论联合检测ASTm、LAP、AFU、ALT可以很好地诊断急性肝炎;联合ADA、AFU可以很好地诊断肝癌;联合ADA、AST可以很好地诊断肝硬化;联合AST、LAP、ADA和ALT可以很好地诊断慢性肝炎重度。     

基于“微型积证”理论分析颈动脉硬化患者中医证型特点

目的 :在"微型积证"理论基础上,分析颈动脉粥样硬化患者中医证候的分布特点,提高动脉粥样硬化辨证论治水平。方法:196例颈动脉粥样硬化患者通过四诊辨证为气滞痰瘀互结证、气虚痰瘀互结证、血虚痰瘀互结证、阴虚痰瘀互结证、阳虚痰瘀互结证证型,同时采集患者年龄、血脂水平、内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)以及斑块积分数据,进行统计学分析。结果:动脉粥样硬化患者各证型分布有差异,其中气虚痰瘀互结证比例最高,血虚痰瘀互结证比例最低。平均年龄存在差异,其中气虚痰瘀互结证平均年龄最大,阴虚痰瘀互结证次之,气滞痰瘀互结证平均年龄最小。各证型之间的血脂水平具有差距,其中气虚痰瘀互结型总胆固醇(CHO)水平最高,与气滞痰瘀互结、血虚痰瘀互结及阳虚痰瘀互结型比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。气虚痰瘀互结证以及阴虚痰瘀互结证IMT均高于其他三种证型,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。气虚痰瘀互结证斑块积分较其他四个证型均高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:痰瘀互结是动脉粥样硬化形成的病理基础,各证型在平均年龄、血脂水平、内膜-中层厚度及斑块积分方面存在差异。     

社区老年人认知障碍筛查推荐建议

2020-02-25，美国预防服务特别工作组在JAMA上更新了2014年老年人认知障碍筛查推荐声明（简称USPSTF声明），并发布了最新证据报告和系统回顾结果，其认为对于社区居住的65岁及以上老年人认知障碍〔包括轻度认知障碍（MCI）和轻中度痴呆〕筛查目前的证据不足，无法确定筛查的利弊平衡。未来需要更多研究来筛查和早期发现认知障碍，需要对认知障碍患者及照顾者进行长期随访和干预，并应积极报告认知障碍筛查和干预中对试验参与者的危害和人员减少的原因。本文结合USPSTF声明和国内外研究现状，从认知障碍的含义和国内外现状、净效益评估、危险因素和保护因素、早期筛查工具及利弊、治疗和干预、未来研究建议、声明对社区指导意义等方面进行了概述。     

自体红骨髓-骨膜碎片复合移植修复关节软骨缺损的形态学研究

[目的 ]观察自体红骨髓 骨膜碎片复合移植修复关节软骨缺损的形态学变化 .[方法 ]将自体红骨髓和骨膜碎片复合移植到 2 0例家兔膝关节股骨髌面上制作的 3 0mm× 6 0mm全层关节软骨缺损区 ,通过肉眼、光学显微镜、电子显微镜和图像分析等方法 ,观察不同时期缺损区修复组织的形态学变化 .[结果 ]术后第 4周缺损区修复组织细胞形态、分布及排列接近周围正常软骨组织 ,修复组织中单个软骨细胞平均面积达到正常水平 .[结论 ]自体红骨髓 骨膜碎片复合移植组织具有良好的成软骨能力 .     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

小鼠快、慢肌卫星细胞的分离培养及β肌动蛋白的表达

目的 体外分离培养和纯化小鼠快、慢肌卫星细胞，观察细胞内β肌动蛋白（β-actin）的表达情况。方法 采用胶原酶与胰蛋白酶联合消化法及差速贴壁法纯化ICR小鼠后肢骨骼肌腓肠肌（快肌）和比目鱼肌（慢肌）卫星细胞，免疫荧光抗体细胞化学染色法鉴定。取第2代快、慢肌卫星细胞提取总RNA，以GAPDH作为内参行RT-PCR，半定量分析快、慢肌卫星细胞内β-actin基因的相对表达量。结果 体外分离及传代培养快、慢肌卫星细胞的快、慢肌肌浆蛋白表达阳性，细胞生长和增殖情况良好。快、慢肌卫星细胞内β-actin基因的相对表达量分别为3.71072和2.106028，两者比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 小鼠快肌卫星细胞内β-actin表达高于慢肌，提示骨骼肌卫星细胞内β-actin表达可能与肌纤维类型有关。