低分子肝素在老年股骨粗隆间骨折手术前后不同时间点应用的临床观察

目的比较在手术前后不同时间点使用低分子肝素(LMWH)预防老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的效果和安全性。方法自2010-01—2013-12对186例老年股骨粗隆间骨折行PFNA内固定治疗。根据病例入选标准,随机分成4组。a组术前48 h使用LMWH;b组术前24 h使用LMWH;c组术前12 h使用LMWH;d组术后12 h使用LMWH。术后进行DVT症状评估、下肢深静脉的彩超检查,观察出血并发症与记录围手术期出血量。结果a组发生DVT 1例(2%),出血量(352.6±63.0)ml;b组发生DVT 5例(10.4%),出血量(328.6±72.6)ml;c组发生DVT 5例(11.9%),出血量(328.6±67.3)ml;d组发生DVT 16例(34.8%),出血量(292.5±62.8)ml。在DVT发生率上,a组明显低于b、c、d组(P0.05);在围手术期出血量上,a组多于b、c、d组。结论术前48 h使用LMWH预防老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后发生DVT的效果好,不会增加出血性事件发生率,安全性高。     

间歇充气装置和低分子肝素预防消化系肿瘤术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的效果

目的探讨间歇充气装置(intermittent pneumatic compression,IPC)和低分子肝素(low molecular weight heparin,LMWH)预防消化系肿瘤术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)的效果。方法 2008年1～8月60例因消化系肿瘤行根治性手术,按随机数字表法分为3组,因未完成术后检查或治疗等依从性不好的因素,造成无法判断效果而剔除7例,最终入组53例:20例无预防措施(对照组)、15例术中和术后使用IPC(IPC组)及18例术后使用低分子肝素治疗(LMWH组)。术前和术后3～10 d行双下肢血管超声检查,记录DVT发生情况。对所有患者术前、术后第1、3、7天的血小板(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)和国际标准化比值(INR)、活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)进行分析。结果对照组、IPC组、LMWH组DVT发生率分别为30.0%(6/20)、20.0%(3/15)和5.6%(1/18),组间比较差异无显著性(χ2=4.165,P=0.125),LMWH组与对照组比较差异无显著性(Fisher’s检验,P=0.061)。10例发生血栓患者中超重、血栓栓塞病史的发生率显著高于43例未发生血栓患者(χ2=5.106,P=0.024;χ2=5.106,P=0.024)。发生血栓患者术前、术后第1天和第3天血小板明显高于未发生血栓患者(t=2.676,P=0.000;t=2.203,P=0.032;t=3.040,P=0.004),术后第3天D-D也明显高于未发生血栓者(Z=-2.355,P=0.018),其余观察指标均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后第3天LMWH组PT较对照组明显延长(P=0.017),INR也较对照组明显升高(P=0.035),3组间手术前后血小板、APTT、FIB、D-D差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论单一使用IPC和LMWH未能减少消化系肿瘤术后下肢DVT的发生,但使用低分子肝素有减少消化系肿瘤患者术后DVT发生的趋势,超重和血栓栓塞病史可能是发生血栓的危险因素。     

超早期间歇充气加压预防老年转子间骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的病例对照研究

目的:评价超早期间歇充气加压(intermittent pneumatic compression,IPC)治疗预防老年股骨转子间骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效。方法:对2008年5月至2010年5月收治的80例老年股骨转子间骨折患者分为超早期组和术后组,各40例,其中超早期组男21例,女19例,年龄67～86岁,平均(76.4±13.27)岁;术后组男26例,女14例,年龄68～89岁,平均(75.8±12.71)岁。超早期组为术前3d开始使用IPC,术后组术后当天开始使用IPC。分别测定患者术前第3天,术后第3、7、14天血清D-二聚体(D-D)浓度。术前第3天,术后第3、14天通过双下肢深静脉超声检查患者DVT发生情况。记录两组患者的围手术期出血量。结果:两组患者术前第3天血清D-D浓度及双下肢DVT发生情况差异无统计学意义,两组患者围手术期出血量差异无统计学意义。超早期组术后第3、7天血清D-D浓度分别为(351.00±104.34)、(412.31±106.95)μg/ml,比术后组(419.34±145.38)、(509.16±146.05)μg/ml低;术后第14天,两组患者血清D-D浓度差异无统计学意义。两组患者术后第3天DVT发生率分别为7.5%、12.5%,差异无统计学意义;术后第14天术后组DVT发生率为22.5%,高于超早期组。结论:与术后开始使用IPC相比,超早期使用IPC在不增加老年转子间骨折围手术期出血量的情况下可降低患者术后血清D-D浓度水平,并能降低DVT的发生率。     

充气止血带在膝关节置换术中的应用观察

目的探讨膝关节置换术中充气止血带的使用方法。方法回顾性研究我院自2005年1月至2008年12月,326例在我院行初次单侧膝关节置换手术患者的临床资料,根据术中止血带不同的使用方法,分为三组,A组126例,在假体安装完毕、骨水泥固化后放松止血带,术野充分止血后关闭切口;B组142例,在关闭切口,加压包扎后放松止血带;C组58例,未使用止血带。观察三组患者术中和术后失血、总失血量以及术后深静脉栓塞(DVT)并发症发生率。结果A组患者术中失血(242±120)ml和术后失血(214±156)ml,总失血量(467±232)ml,DVT发生率12.7%;B组患者术中失血(224±116)ml和术后失血(387±160)ml,总失血量(610±252)ml,DVT发生率26.8%;C组患者术中失血(463±246)ml和术后失血(184±112)ml,总失血量(654±303)ml,DVT发生率12.1%。结论膝关节置换术中使用充气止血带,在假体安装完毕、骨水泥固化后再放松止血带止血的方法能够减少围手术期失血,而且不增加DVT的发生率,是一种较好的止血带使用方法,对提高临床护理质量有重要意义。     

腹腔镜与开腹子宫肌瘤剜出术对比研究

目的评估腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剜出术的安全性、可行性及优越性.方法回顾分析腹腔镜下及开腹子宫肌瘤剜出术各50例.对手术适应证、并发症以及手术时间、术中出血量及术后恢复情况等进行对比分析.结果腹腔镜组平均手术时间(75±38)min(25～125)min;术中出血量(60±52)ml(5～300)ml;术后住院时间(4.6±1)d(3～6)d;术后肛门排气时间(7.22±0.89)h(6.50～8.30)h;术后病率2例(4%).而剖腹子宫肌瘤剜出术组手术时间(86±22)min(60～150)min;术中出血量(84±59)ml(50～250)ml;术后住院日(7.1±1.1)d(4～19)d;术后肛门排气时间(41.18±6.4)h(36.3～48.5)h;术后病率20例(40%).腹腔镜组手术时间较剖腹组略短,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05).术中出血量、术后肛门排气、术后病率及术后住院时间腹腔镜组明显低于剖腹组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剜出术具有创伤小,恢复快,住院日短,术中,术后并发症少等优点.     

腹腔镜下改良子宫肌瘤切除术91例临床分析

目的　探讨腹腔镜下改良子宫肌瘤切除术的手术技巧和疗效。　方法　通过对子宫切口设计、组织分离 剥离器使用、肌瘤营养血管处理等手术技巧和手术器械的改进 ,行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术 91例。根据术前B超检测 ,分成肌瘤径线≥ 70mm组和 <70mm组。　结果　术中共发现肌瘤 10 2个 ,其中肌壁间肌瘤 73个 (71 6 % )。手术时间为 (116 1± 4 5 7)min ,出血量 (81 7± 4 1 7)ml,术后住院时间 (8 0± 2 8)天 ,术后最高体温 (37 9± 0 5 )℃。肌瘤径线≥ 70mm组术中出血量 (95 2± 4 2 0 )ml ,<70mm组 (6 5 6± 31 7)ml(t=2 35 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;两组手术时间分别为 (119 1± 4 4 2 )min和 (112 9± 33 4 )min ,(t=0 6 9,P >0 0 5 )。　结论　腹腔镜改良子宫肌瘤切除术可缩短手术时间、减少术中出血 ,即使较大径线的子宫肌瘤也能达到较好的疗效。     

预防髋关节周围骨折深静脉血栓形成的临床研究

目的探讨低分子肝素（LMWH）与间歇充气加压装置（IPC）预防髋关节周围骨折术后深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的临床疗效和安全性。方法2008年7月至2010年10月,根据病例人选标准选择髋关节周围骨折手术患者126例,分成2组。其中抗凝预防组64例,联合采用基本预防、物理预防与药物预防;对照组62例,除采用基本预防措施外,未用物理预防与药物预防。观察指标：（1）围手术期患者出血量;（2）术后血小板计数变化情况;（3）脑出血、硬膜外血肿出现的神经症状;（4）术前及术后双下肢彩色多普勒检查结果;（5）双下肢肿胀、疼痛等症状。结果抗凝预防组DVT共8例（12．50％）,对照组DVT共2l例（33．87％）,两组DVT发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者围手术期出血量及术后血小板计数,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论髋关节周围骨折术后DVT的发生率高（33．87％）,联合应用LMWH和IPC能有效降低髋关节周围骨折术后DVT发生率,并发症少,在预防髋关节周围骨折术后DVT有重要的临床意义。     

腹腔镜与经腹鞘膜内子宫切除术的临床对照分析

目的 :探讨腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术的优越性及临床应用价值。方法 :15 2例行腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术 (腹腔镜组 ) ,与同期 138例经腹鞘膜内子宫切除术 (开腹组 )进行比较。结果 :腹腔镜组平均手术时间 86 6 7± 18 89min ,术中平均出血量 12 4 5 3± 5 3 2 2ml ;对照组平均手术时间 83 5 0± 14 72min ,术中平均出血量 114 4 2± 5 0 36ml,两组差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。腹腔镜组术后排气时间为 2 6 80± 4 6 3h ,术后最高体温为 37 5 1± 0 33℃ ,术后住院天数为 4 0 2± 0 89d ;开腹组术后排气时间为 32 4 6± 6 2 3h ,术后最高体温为 38 0 9± 0 2 9℃ ,术后住院天数为 5 96± 1 0 3d ,两组差异有高度显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。术后病率 ,腹腔镜组无 1例 ,开腹组 7例 (5 % )。腹腔镜组 1例膀胱损伤 ,镜下修补 ,开腹组无损伤。结论 :腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术具有腹壁创伤小 ,术中出血少 ,术后康复快及并发症少等优点 ,是较理想的子宫切除术式     

腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术100例临床对比分析

目的 :探讨使腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术简单化的方法。方法 :回顾分析 2 0 0 0年 7月至 2 0 0 4年 3月 10 0例腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术的临床资料 ,其中观察组 5 0例使用GEN30 0型智能型超声切割止血刀处理和改进手术技巧 ,对照组 5 0例使用电刀处理。结果 :观察组手术时间 98.6± 2 6 .3min ,对照组 16 3.5± 4 2 .4min ,两组手术时间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。观察组出血量 10 4 .3± 2 6 .2ml,对照组出血量 2 86 8±5 3.2ml,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。术后最高体温 ,观察组为 37.6± 0 .7℃ ,对照组为 38.2± 1 0℃ (P <0 .0 0 1)。术后肛门排气时间观察组为 2 2 .7± 2 .9h ,对照组为 33.8± 4 .8h(P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :智能型超声切割止血刀的引进和手术技巧的改良 ,可使腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术简单化 ,明显缩短了手术时间 ,术中出血减少 ,术后最高体温低 ,康复快 ,尤其适用于阴式子宫切除术操作欠娴熟的人员。     

休克型输卵管妊娠腹腔镜手术临床分析

目的 :探讨腹腔镜手术用于治疗低血容量性休克的可行性和安全性。方法 :以 14例低血容量性休克患者为观察组 ,同期随机选择 30例无休克者为对照组 ,比较 2组腹腔积血量 ,手术时间 ,手术方式及术后住院天数。结果 :2组腹腔内出血量分别为 (15 16 6 7± 385 73)ml与 (15 0 75± 10 6 5 3)ml(P <0 0 5 ) ;手术时间 (5 9 17± 11 4 9)min与 (4 4 5± 14 2 3)min(P >0 0 5 ) ;住院天数分别为 (4 33± 0 98)d和 (4± 0 92 )d(P>0 0 5 )。两组患者术后均无并发症发生 ,恢复良好。除观察组 1例为输卵管保守性手术外 ,余均行输卵管切除术。结论 :只要有熟练的手术技巧和良好的麻醉监护 ,腹腔镜手术治疗低血容量性休克是可行的     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。