具有暴力行为的精神分裂症患者人格特征分析

目的研究具有器力行为的精神病人的人格特征。方法对41例具有暴力行为偏执型分裂症病人与同期来院住院治疗的无暴力行为的65例偏执型分裂症病人进行MMPI测查。结果研究组与对照组在D有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,Ma具有明显差异（P〈0．01）．两组剖析图相似呈F-Pa-Sc。结论本研究旨在对精神分裂症病人发生暴力行为加以预测。     

银屑病患者CPI-RC测试分析

目的 探讨银屑病患者的人格特征。方法 采用中国修订加利福尼亚心理调查表（CPI-RC）．对120例银屑病患者（患者组）和100倒健康者（对照组）进行测试。结果患者组Re（责任心）、So（社会化）、Sc（自我控制）、Ai（独立成就）、Py（心理感受性）和V2（常规趋向-异向）分明显低于对照组（P〈0．05～O．01）．Em（通情）、Ac（顺从成就）、Ex（灵活性）和F／M（女／男性化）分明显高于对照组（P〈0．05～0．01）；患者组与对照组人格类型间差别有显著性意义（P〈0．01），患者组中以Gamma型者居多。病程5年以上银屑病患者Sp（社交风度）、Sa（自我接受）、Era和So分较病程5年以下的患者明显下降（P〈0．05～0．01）．Gi（好印象）和Ac分明显升高（P〈0．05～0．01）。结论 银屑病患者的人格特征与健康者存在明显差异．随着病程迁延可出现某些人格结构的改变。     

心理干预对耳鸣患者疗效的影响

目的探讨心理干预在耳鸣患者治疗中的效果,为临床应用提供依据。方法在耳鼻喉科门诊随机抽出以耳鸣为第一主诉患者121例,将患者随机分为两组,A组62例接受心理干预、掩蔽及药物治疗,B组59例接受掩蔽、药物治疗。治疗前后用SCL-90及耳鸣程度主观评估进行比较。结果两组患者治疗前SCL-90评分比较无差异（P〉0．05）,治疗组治疗前后SCL-90评分在躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执因子上前后差异较为明显（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,对照组治疗前后各因子分无差异（P〉0．05）,两组治疗后在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执因子上相比均有显著差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。两组患者疗效均有改善,而治疗组改善更为明显（P〈0．05）。结论心理干预对耳鸣患者有较好的疗效。     

精神分裂症认知功能的神经心理测评

目的：探讨测试精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的新方法及其临床使用价值。方法：应用YWG神经心理训练系统测试精神分裂症51例（分裂症组）、正常人42例（对照组）和抑郁症32例（抑郁症组），比较各组间测试项目的平均反应时（mS）和错误率（％）。结果：分裂症组与对照组配对比较，各项目的反应时延长58-75％（P〈0．01）、错误率增高95～150％（P〈0．001）；与抑郁症组相比，分裂症组反应时仅延长20-45％（P=0．04-0．19）、错误率增高约50%（P〈0．005）；各实验指标异常与病程无相关性（P〉0．05）。分裂症组内男女、病程长短相比各项目反应时、错误率无差别（P〉0．05）；用药1周以上者单侧脑功能反应时明显缩短（P=0．05）、各项目错误率均有下降趋势（P〉0．05）；病情未控制组单侧脑功能反应时延长45％（P〈0．05）、图像记忆延长41％、汉字记忆延长18％，错误率增加5．16％（P〉0．05）。结论：YWG神经心理训练系统测试结果可反映精神分裂症的认知功能障碍及病情严重程度，因此可以作为认知功能测试方法之一用于临床。     

神经症、癔病、精神分裂症患者明尼苏达多相人格问卷测查分析

目的探讨神经症、癌症、精神分裂症患者明尼苏这多相人格问卷（MMPI）基本量表这一个性纬度方面的个性特征及其差异。方法应用MMPI测试软件对96例神经症患者,75例癔症患者及106例精神分裂症患者分别进行测试,记录3组患者基本量表得分,并进行统计学分析。结果3组患者基本量表得分,经单因素方差分析,除k和MF量表外,均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;神经症患者HS、D、Hy、Pd、Pt和Si量表分均显著高于癔症和精神分裂症患者（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;癔症组F和Ma量表分显著高于精神分裂症和神经症组（P〈0．05）。L、Hs、D、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma、Si各量表分均显著高于精神分裂症组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;精神分裂症患者L分最高,与癌症和神经症患者均有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论神经症、癔症和精神分裂症患者均存在不同程度的个性偏离。且3组之间存在统计学显著差异。     

60例气功出偏患者人格特征分析

目的探讨气功出偏患者人格特征。方法采用明尼苏达多项人格测查表对60例接受随访的气功出偏患者及63例正常对照者进行测查。结果①随访组8个临床量表的T分高于正常对照组,差异具有显著性（P〈0．01或〈0．05）;②部分缓解者的疑病症（Hs）,抑郁症（D）,癔病（Hy）,精神分裂症（Sc）等8个量表的T分高于完全缓解者,差异具有显著性（P〈0．01或〈0．05）;③随访组完全缓解者的疑病症（Hs）,癔病（Hy）,妄想（Pa）,精神分裂症（Sc）量表分与正常对照组相比差异非常显著（P均〈0．01）;④以10个临床量表为自变量,以是否发病为因变量,进行Logistic逐步回归分析,结果显示癔病（Hy）、妄想（Pa）、精神分裂症（Sc）进入回归方程（P均〈0．01）;⑤对随访组10个临床量表进行聚类分析。结果表明,精神衰弱（Pt）和精神分裂症（Sc）,抑郁症（D）和癔病（Hy）的相关系数较大,分别为0．77、0．70。结论某些人格特征为气功出偏者的易感素质,建议练习气功前进行筛查。     

对住院精神分裂症患者恢复期心理护理干预的探讨

目的探讨住院精神分裂症患者恢复期的心理卫生状况及心理护理干预效果。方法将76例处于恢复期的住院精神分裂症患者随机分为两组，封其中的38例追行心理谩理干预（干预组），并与对照组（未干预组）退行比较。采用SCL-90（症状自评量表）于干预前和干预后4周末造行量表抨定。枯果住院精神分裂症患者恢复期的主要心理闪题为抑郁、焦虑、人际关系、强迫、敌对、偏执等。干预组在干预后4周末SLC-90的焦虑、抑郁、人际关系3个因子分与干预前相比有非常显着性差异（P〈0.01）。强迫、敌对、偏执3个因子分有显着性差异（P〈0.05）。其他各项因子分差异无显着性（P〉0．05）；而对照组各因子分干预前后相比无显着性差异（P〉0．05）。干预后两组在SCL-90的焦虑、抑郁、人际关系、强迫、敌对、偏执等6个因子分比较有显着性差异（P〈0.05）。结论心理护理干预能明显改善住院精神分裂症患者恢复期的心理卫生状况，促进病人的康复。     

CT引导下不同方法注射臭氧对腰椎间盘突出患者SOD、LPO影响

目的比较不同方法注射臭氧（0,）治疗腰椎间盘突出（LDH）对患者血液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脂质过氧化物（LPO）影响。方法120例LDH患者随机分成2组,每组60例。观察组男性41例,女性19例;年龄23～59岁,平均年龄44．5岁;对照组男性38例,女性22例;年龄21—62岁,平均年龄45．7岁。正常组15例健康体检者．其中男性9例,女性6例;年龄25～55岁,平均年龄43．6岁。观察组采用弯套针旋转多向注射法注射0,至病变椎间盘内进行治疗,对照组采用常规方法注射0,治疗。于6个月后统计疗效,并测定患者治疗前后血浆SOD、LP0水平。正常组只做SOD、LP0检测。结果观察组痊愈显效率85．0％,对照组68．3％,两组间疗效差异有统计学意义（X^2=4．66,P〈0．05）;治疗前观察组和对照组比较SOD、LPO各项数值差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但这两组SOD活性及SOD／LPO值明显低于正常组,LP0明显高于正常组（P〈0．01）。治疗后2组SOD活性及SOD／LPO值均有明显升高且趋于正常,LP0含量均有明显下降且趋于正常,与治疗前比较差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．001）,但观察组变化显著并更接近正常值,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05和O．01）,而与正常组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论0,治疗LDH能明显提高SOD活性,抑制体内脂质过氧化反应,具有显著改善自由基代谢紊乱作用,而运用弯套针旋转多向注射比常规注射作用更显著,具有更好的效果。     

服刑中期男性服刑人员心理状况及相关因素

目的了解服刑中期男性服刑人员的心理卫生状况及其影响因素,为监狱服刑人员的心理健康教育及心理辅导提供参考依据。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、社会支持评定量表和自编基本情况条目对289名服刑人员进行问卷调查。结果男性服刑人员的心身症状评定量表总体上与全国常模相比具有较高的心身症状水平（t=7．764,P〈0．001）,其主要问题是强迫。SCL-90总均分、各因子分均与神经质（N）存在密切正相关（β=0．029～0．580,P〈0．001）;精神质（P）仅与偏执（口=0．204,P〈0．01）和敌对（β=0．131,P〈0．05）密切正相关,内外向（E）仅与抑郁（卢=-0．135,P〈0．01）和敌对（β=-0．124,P〈0．01）密切负相关,社会支持总分与SCL-90总均分（β=-0．005,P〈0．05）和人际敏感（β=-0．156,P〈0、．01）、偏执（β=-0．130,P〈0．05）、精神病性（β=-0．170,P〈0．01）呈密切负相关,已服刑期的长短与躯体化（β=0．106,P〈0．05）和敌对（β=0．138,P〈0．01）密切正相关。结论服刑人员存在一定程度的心身症状,其主要影响因素为高神经质的人格和低社会支持水平,人格的内倾性、高精神质以及服刑时间长短也具有一定的影响作用。     

心理干预对精神分裂症的疗效和家庭环境的影响

目的探讨心理干预对精神分裂症的疗效和家庭环境的影响。方法采用随机抽样方法把驻马店市精神病医院88例分裂症首次住院患者随机分为研究组和对照组。研究组实施心理干预治疗和药物治疗,对照组仅接受药物治疗。对入组病人使用BPRS、FES—CV和SDSS进行比较。结果经1年的心理干预后,研究组FES--CV的家庭亲密度、情感表达、成功性、文化性、娱乐性和控制性明显增加,矛盾性明显降低（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;BPRS总分及自知力因子分与对照组相比明显降低（P〈0．01）。1年后随防,两组患者的治愈率、复发率和病残率均有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论心理干预可改善精神分裂症患者的家庭环境,有利于提高疗效,改善社会功能,防止精神分裂症的复发有重要作用。     

Risk factors for violence among patients with schizophrenia

Studies of birth cohorts show evidence of greater risk of violence among patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population. However, the contribution of schizophrenia to violence is heavily debated and remains unclear. This debate has spurred research whose focus can be associated with one of the following areas: psychotic symptoms, personality disorders (in particular psychopathy), mentalizing abilities, substance abuse and demographic factors. The aim of the current review is to evaluate the predictive role of these risk factors in the occurrence of violence among patients with schizophrenia. We identified two different trajectories for violent behavior in schizophrenia: one pertains to patients with no prior history of violence or criminal behavior and for whom positive symptoms appear to explain violent behavior, and another where personality pathology, including psychopathy, predict violence, regardless of other symptomatology associated with schizophrenia. Furthermore, emergent data suggest that specific mentalizing profiles can be associated with the occurrence of violence in schizophrenia, an issue that warrants further consideration in future research.     

Criminal activities and substance use of patients with major affective disorders and schizophrenia: a 2-year follow-up

BACKGROUND: Compelling findings demonstrate that persons who develop major mental disorders, as compared to those who do not, are at increased risk to commit non-violent and violent crimes. This conclusion has recently been shown to apply to persons with major affective disorders. METHODS: Thirty males with major affective disorders and 74 with schizophrenia were followed for 2 years. At discharge, patients were intensively assessed including diagnoses using SADs and RDC. During follow-up, alcohol and drug use were measured, subjectively and objectively. At discharge, the two groups were similar as to secondary diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder, drug abuse/dependence, socio-demographic characteristics, and criminal history, but more of the patients with major affective disorders than those with schizophrenia had a history of alcohol abuse/dependence. During the follow-up period, the two groups were similar as to rehospitalization, treatment intensity, and substance use. RESULTS: By the end of the follow-up period, 33% of the patients with major affective disorders and only 15% of those with schizophrenia had committed crimes, most violent. Co-morbid antisocial personality disorder was associated with criminality among the patients with schizophrenia but not among those with major affective disorders. Among these latter patients, drug use and the intensity of out-patient care were associated with violent criminality. LIMITATIONS: The small number of subjects limited the conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Violent behavior among patients with major affective disorders may not be uncommon and may be preventable by out-patient treatment which limits drug use.     

精神分裂症暴力违法与无违法者MMPI测试比较分析

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者暴力违法的人格特征和精神病理。方法：比较31例司法鉴定诊断为精神分裂症的暴力违法者（被控故意杀人和伤害）与55例无违法记录的精神分裂症住院患者的MMPI量表分。结果：暴力违法的精神分裂症患者MMPI测试的Ha,D,Hy,Pa,Si量表分明显高于无违法者。结论：莫明的心理及躯体痛苦、消极沮丧、情绪化、敏感多疑、不安全感，可能是精神分裂症患者暴力违法的危险因素。     

Intoxication and violent women

Alcohol and drugs have been linked to severe violent offending among women as well as men. The purpose of this study was to make a contribution to the limited knowledge of characteristics related to the state of intoxication in violent female offenders. The putative differences in the characteristics of female offenders and their violent offenses in relation to the state of intoxication at the time of the violent offending were examined. Of a nation-wide sample of 109 female offenders found guilty of homicide and other violent crimes and incarcerated in 1999–2000 in Finland, 60 offenders participated in the study. Of these offenders 49 (81.7%) had been intoxicated at the time the of index offenses. These were compared with 11 (18.3%) non-intoxicated offenders using a structured interview, the Structured Clinical Interview II for DSM-IV (SCID-II) and the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). The prevalence of substance abuse or dependence (73.3% and 0%), personality disorder (89.6% and 36.4%), particularly antisocial personality disorder (66.7% and 0%), as well as a history of criminality (69.4% and 0%) were significantly higher among the intoxicated women than among the non-intoxicated. The PCL-R scores were also significantly higher among the intoxicated offenders than among non-intoxicated offenders. The victims of the intoxicated women (23.9%) were less often emotionally close to the perpetrator than were the victims of the non-intoxicated women (66.6%). No differences emerged between the groups in experiences of childhood and adulthood abuse or stressful life events prior to the index crime. The findings indicate that intoxicated violent female offenders exhibit more of the characteristics previously found in violent men, than do the non-intoxicated female offenders. Moreover, the non-intoxicated group comprises both psychotic non-responsible and non-psychotic, fairly well-adjusted women, who are educated, working or studying at the time of the offense and has no history of criminality. Substance misuse constitutes an obvious risk factor for violent behavior in women, and therefore the prevention should include substance abuse treatment.     

Testing a typology of batterers

A. Holtzworth-Munroe and G. L. Stuart (1994) proposed a tripartite typology of men who batter their female partners based on the severity of violence, extent of violence, and personality disorder characteristics. The current study attempts to empirically validate this typology using data from 75 domestically violent (DV) men and their partners, and 32 maritally distressed, nonviolent (DNV) comparison couples. Mixture analysis results generally supported the model, although 2 types were not distinguishable on personality disorder characteristics as predicted. Generally violent batterers were significantly more violent within and outside the relationship. The pathological group was moderately violent within and outside the relationship and endorsed numerous psychological symptoms. Family-only batterers endorsed fewer symptoms and were less violent. Violence in the family of origin, attachment, and communication skills also differentiated the 3 types and DNV men.     

Characteristics and circumstances of homicidal acts committed by offenders with schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: While men with schizophrenia are at higher risk of displaying homicidal behaviours compared with the general population, very little is known about the circumstances related to the triggering of such violent acts among offenders with schizophrenia. The main goal of the present investigation was to describe the surrounding context, psychotic symptoms, target characteristics and other circumstantial factors associated with homicidal acts committed by men with schizophrenia, with or without an additional antisocial personality disorder (APD). METHOD: Comprehensive clinical and research interviews, as well as multiple sources of information including reports from social workers and police officers, criminal records, witness statements and questionnaires completed by friends, acquaintances and family members were used to determine specific characteristics surrounding the homicidal acts. RESULTS: Overall, a significant majority of homicides were considered as the consequence of psychotic symptoms; they mostly involved someone who knew the offender; and they usually occurred in a private residence. However, the subgroup of offenders with both schizophrenia and APD were less likely to be judged as responding to psychotic symptoms; they assaulted a non-relative more frequently, and they were more likely to have used alcohol and to be involved in an altercation with the victim prior to the incident than offenders without APD. CONCLUSION: Even for such extreme acts as homicides, the circumstances affecting the occurrence of violence among offenders with schizophrenia may differ when an additional APD diagnosis is present, which would have important implications for prevention and treatment programmes.     

Personality, interpersonal, and motivational predictors of the working alliance in group cognitive-behavioral therapy for partner violent men

Recent studies have demonstrated that the working alliance predicts treatment outcome for partner violent men. This study examined the influence of personality and interpersonal characteristics, motivational readiness to change, and demographic factors on working alliance formation among a sample of men (N = 107) participating in a cognitive-behavioral group treatment program for partner violence. Motivational readiness to change was the strongest predictor of the working alliance. Psychopathic personality characteristics also emerged as a strong (negative) predictor of the working alliance. Lower levels of borderline personality characteristics and interpersonal problems, self-referred status, married status, and higher age and income predicted higher working alliance ratings. The results support recent clinical efforts to address motivational readiness in programs for partner violent men.     

MMPI Vulnerability Indicators for Schizophrenia and Attention Deficit Disorder: UCLA Family Study of Biological Parents of Offspring with Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia or ADHD

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores were examined for 50 parents of children with an onset of schizophrenia prior to 14 years of age, 153 parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 168 parents of community comparison children. The parents were participants in the UCLA Family Study. The mean scores on all standard MMPI scales were within normal limits for all three groups of participants. Parents of schizophrenia probands were significantly higher on scale Sc than parents of community comparison children. Previous research has shown that scale Sc may be associated with a genetic liability to developing schizophrenia. Thus, scale Sc shows promise as an indicator of a heightened risk for the development of schizophrenia. The parents of the ADHD probands were significantly higher on standard clinical scale Pd than community comparison parents. Mothers of both schizophrenia and ADHD probands shared some personality indicators of stress reactivity. Although this study, like all non-adoptee family studies, cannot disentangle genetic effects on the development of these personality characteristics from environmental effects, we speculate that the emotional distress resulting in higher levels of the MMPI characteristics seen in the patients mothers reflects the impact of raising a psychiatrically ill offspring.Data collection for the UCLA Family Study commenced in 1985, 4 years prior to the publication of the MMPI-2. Thus, the MMPI was administered.     

首发精神分裂症患者攻击行为的对照研究

目的 探讨有攻击行为精神分裂症的临床特征及相关问题.方法 196例首发精神分裂症患者按有无攻击行为分为研究组和对照组,研究组76例伴有攻击行为,对照组120例无攻击行为,两组分别从性别、文化程度、家庭史、发病年龄、精神症状、诊断分型、脑电图和病前性格等方面对照分析.结果 两组经t检验,x2检验,在性别(x2=6.54,...