白细胞介素—11对小鼠骨髓造血的影响

白细胞介素－１１（ＩＬ－１１）是一种新的造血生长因子，于１９９０年基因克隆成功。本文对ＩＬ－１１的造血调节作用进行了初步的研究，探讨了ＩＬ－１１及其与其它造血因子协同对小鼠骨髓造血祖细胞增殖的促进作用。结果表明，ＩＬ－１１单独对骨髓集落的形成无显著的促进作用，但与多系集落刺激因子ＩＬ－３一起则具有很强的协同作用，能明显促进小鼠骨髓Ｍｅｇ－ＣＦＵ和Ｍｉｘ－ＣＦＵ的形成。     

白细胞介素－11对小鼠骨髓造血的影响

白细胞介素－１１（ＩＬ—１１）是一种新的造血生长因子，于１９９０年基因克隆成功．本文对ＩＬ—１１的造血调节作用进行了初步的研究，探讨了ＩＬ—１１及其与其它造血因子协同对小鼠骨髓造血祖细胞增殖的促进作用．结果表明，ＩＬ—１１单独对骨髓集落的形成无显著的促进作用，但与多系集落刺激因子ＩＬ－３一起则具有很强的协同作用，能明显促进小鼠骨髓Ｍｅｇ—ＣＦＵ和Ｍｉｘ－ＣＦＵ的形成．     

小鼠IL－3 cDNA转化细胞移植体内表达的初步研究

随着基因治疗技术的发展和多个细胞因子基因的克隆，人们提出了供细胞因子的基因治疗的设想，以期为肿瘤、老年性痴呆、严重的造血功能障碍等这样一类难治疾病的治疗另辟蹊径。为改善放射损伤小鼠受抑制的造血功能，我们采用基因治疗的方法，将小鼠ＩＬ－３基因ｃＤＮＡ与逆转录病毒载体重组，转染包装细胞ＰＡ３１７，用其分泌的含ＩＬ－３ｃＤＮＡ的复制缺陷逆转录病毒感染、转化ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞，从中筛选可在体外分泌ＩＬ－３的克隆，将可分泌ＩＬ－３的细胞种植到放射损伤小鼠体内后发现：受体小鼠血清中检出了ＩＬ－３的活性；其外周血白细胞计数升至５５万／ｍｍ３，以成熟中性粒细胞为主；肝、脾脏内有大量各个分化阶段的中性粒细胞。这些结果表明：可以利用基因治疗技术，在体内表达ＩＬ－３，改善机体的造血功能。     

小鼠IL—3 cDNA转化细胞移植体内表达的初步研究

随着基因治疗技术的发展和多个细胞因子基因的克隆，人们提出了供细胞因子的基因治疗的设想，以期为肿瘤、老年性痴呆、严重的造血功能障碍等这样一类难治疾病的治疗另辟蹊径。为改善放射损伤小鼠受抑制的造血功能，我们采用基因治疗的方法，将小鼠ＩＬ－３基因ｃＤＮＡ与逆转录病毒载体重组，转染包装细胞ＰＡ３１７，用其分泌的含ＩＬ－３ ｃＤＮＡ的复制缺陷逆转录病毒感染、转化ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞，从中筛选可在体外分泌ＩＬ－３     

IL－3基因疗法对化疗造血损伤的恢复作用

白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）是一种具有很强造血调控作用的细胞因子，本实验观察了成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－３基因疗法对大剂量环磷酰胺体内注射后造血功能损伤小鼠的恢复作用。结果表明：接受ＩＬ－３基因疗法的实验小鼠外周血白细胞和血小板数量降低程度减弱，回升速度加快，其脾脏和骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－Ｅ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ、ＣＦＵ－Ｓ水平显著地高于对照小鼠，可见成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－３基因疗法可显著地降低大剂量化疗后造血损伤程度，并能显著地促进受损的造血功能尽快恢复，提示若将ＩＬ－３基因疗法与大剂量化疗联合应用将提高肿瘤治疗的效果。     

应用IL—2和IL—3联合基因疗法对骨髓移植后造血及免疫…

以大剂量化疗后骨髓功能严重损伤再给予同基因骨髓移植的小鼠为实验模型，动态观察了联合应用成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－２基因疗法和ＩＬ－３基因疗法对同基因骨髓移植后实验小鼠骨髓造血免疫功能重建的影响。结果表明，ＩＬ－２基因疗法对造血重建无明显效果，ＩＬ－３基因疗法对免疫重建无明显作用，但联合应用ＩＬ－２基因疗法和ＩＬ－３基因疗法能显著加快骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ及ＣＦＵ－Ｅ恢复过程及提高骨髓细胞ＮＫ、     

IL—3基因疗法对化疗造血损伤的恢复作用

白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）是一种具有很强造血调控作用的细胞因子。本实验观察了成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－３基因疗法对大剂量环磷酰胺体内注射后造血功能损伤小鼠的恢复作用。结果表明：接爱ＩＬ－３基因疗法的实验小鼠外周血白细胞和血小板数量降低程度减弱，回升速度加快，其脾脏和骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－Ｅ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ、ＣＦＵ－Ｓ水平显著地高于对照小鼠，可见成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－３基因疗法可显著地降低大剂量化疗后造     

应用IL-2和IL-3联合基因疗法对骨髓移植后造血及免疫功能重建的影响

以大剂量化疗后骨髓功能严重损伤再给予同基因骨髓移植的小鼠为实验模型，动态观察了联合应用成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－２基因疗法和ＩＬ－３基因疗法对同基因骨髓移植后实验小鼠骨髓造血免疫功能重建的影响。结果表明，ＩＬ－２基因疗法对造血重建无明显效果，ＩＬ－３基因疗法对免疫重建无明显作用，但联合应用ＩＬ－２基因疗法和ＩＬ－３基因疗法能显著加快骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ及ＣＦＵ－Ｅ恢复过程及提高骨髓细胞ＮＫ、ＬＡＫ活性和ＣｏｎＡ刺激的骨髓细胞增殖反应。提示联合应用成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－２和ＩＬ－３基因疗法能显著加快骨髓移植后造血及免疫重建过程，从而有可能提高骨髓移植成功率。     

人重组IL-3受体α链片段的表达及其对TF-1细胞的刺激活性

ＩＬ－３是一种造血生长因子，通过其受体α和β两条链向细胞内传递信号。为研究ＩＬ－３，ＩＬ－３Ｒα，β三者之间的相互作用模式，利用大肠杆菌系统表达了４种ＩＬ－３Ｒα胞外片段：ＩＬ－３Ｒ－Ｐ（氨基酸１～３０７），ＩＬ－３Ｒ－２（１～２６３），ｎＩＬ－３Ｒ－２（１～７５），ｃＩＬ－３Ｒ（１０５～２６３）。活性研究发现，除ｎＩＬ－３Ｒ－２外，其余３个片段对ＩＬ－３依赖性细胞株ＴＦ－１有不同程度的刺激活性，并且ＦＩＴＣ标记的ＩＬ－３Ｒ－Ｐ可与ＴＦ－１细胞结合，βｃ真核表达质粒转染ＣＴＬＬ细胞后，ＦＩＴＣ标记的ＩＬ－３Ｒ－Ｐ可与之结合。实验结果提示ＩＬ－３Ｒα链存在潜在的β链结合位点，一旦暴露可以激活β链传递信号。     

造血生长因子促进RV介导LacZ-NeoR基因在人骨髓造血细胞中转染的机制

目的：本文探索了不同组合的造血生长因子ＳＣＦ、ＩＬ３及ＩＬ６对逆转录病毒（ＲＶ）介导的ＬａｃＺ－ＮｅｏＲ双标志基因转染人骨髓造血细胞转染效率、表达水平的影响及其相关机理。方法：采用ＲＶ转染人骨髓非粘附造血细胞（ＮＡＢＭＣ）及经ＳＣＦ、ＩＬ３及ＩＬ６不同组合预激４８ｈ后的ＮＡＢＭＣ。经荧光素二－β－Ｄ－半乳糖呋喃苷脂（ＦＤＧ）标记的半乳糖苷酶、Ｇ４１８ＲＣＦＵ－ＧＭ及ＰＣＲ／Ｓｏｕｒｔｈｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ检测ＮｅｏＲ和ＬａｃＺ基因的表达。结果：早期造血生长因子（ＨＧＦｓ）的预激明显改善了ＲＶ介导的ＬａｃＺ－ＮｅｏＲ基因在人骨髓造血细胞中的转染效率与表达水平,ＳＣＦ＋ＩＬ３＋ＩＬ６＞ＳＣＦ＋ＩＬ３＞ＩＬ３＋ＩＬ６＞ＳＣＦ＋ＩＬ６。氚标记脱氧胸苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）自杀及５－溴脱氧尿苷－碘化丙啶（ＢｒｄＵ－ＰＩ）双标流式细胞仪（ＦＣＭ）检测显示,ＨＧＦｓ预激后人骨髓造血细胞及ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的Ｓ期比例显著提高。结论：ＳＣＦ＋ＩＬ３＋ＩＬ６的联合预激可显著改善ＲＶ介导的外源基因在人骨髓造血细胞中的转染效率与表达水平,这可能与ＨＧＦｓ预激后明显提高人骨髓造血细胞及ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的Ｓ期比例密切相关     

脐血造血干/祖细胞移植SCID小鼠的实验研究

目的 :检测扩增后脐血造血干 祖细胞的体内移植能力和造血活性 ,建立脐血细胞体外扩增优化方案和体内移植的SCID小鼠模型。方法 :采用无基质接触的液体悬浮培养方法扩增脐血CD34 细胞 ,将扩增前后的细胞移植给预先经过亚致死量辐照的SCID小鼠 ,4w后通过免疫荧光标记、PCR等检测存活小鼠体内的人源细胞。结果 :连续培养一定时间后 ,FL TPO SCF IL 6组脐血细胞得到持续扩增 ,并能维持一定比例的CD34 细胞 ;SCF IL 3 IL 6 GM CSF EPO组在第 2周时集落形成数已降低 ,第 4周时集落形成的细胞、CD34 细胞已基本检测不到。移植至少 4w后 ,在存活小鼠体内检测到人CD4 5 细胞和Alu基因。结论 :因子组合FL TPO CSF IL 6可以有效扩增脐血CD34 细胞 ,而且扩增后的细胞具有较高的移植效率和造血活性     

Effects of fibroblast-mediated interleukin 3 and interleukin 6 gene therapy on hematopoiesis in mice treated with 5-fluorouracil

Fibroblast-mediated cytokine gene therapy has proven to be a promising strategy for restoring hematopoiesis following repeated chemotherapy. Interleukin 3 (IL-3) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) can synergistically promote the recovery of hematopoiesis following chemotherapy. In this investigation, combined use of fibroblast-mediated IL-3 and IL-6 gene therapy was tested for hematopoietic effects on mice with or without 5-fluorouracil administration. The results demonstrated that combined therapy with IL-3 gene-modified NIH3T3 cell (NIH3T3-IL-3) and IL-6 gene-modified fibroblast NIH3T3 cell (NIH3T3-IL-6) implantation achieves obvious stimulation of hematopoiesis in normal mice and accelerates recovery of hematopoiesis. In normal mice the quantities of platelets, neutrophils, and total white blood cells in peripheral blood increased significantly after the combined implantation of NIH3T3-IL-3 and NIH3T3-IL-6 cells. The numbers of colony-forming unit (CFU) granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) and CFU megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) formed by stem cells in bone marrow was significantly higher after the combined implantation of NIH3T3-IL-3 and NIH3T3-IL-6 cells than after the implantation of NIH3T3-IL-3 alone, NIH3T3-IL-6 alone, or neomycin gene-modified NIH3T3 cells. In hematopoiesis-depressed mice induced by preinjection with 5-fluorouracil at the dose of 150 mg/kg before cell implantation, the platelets, neutrophils, and white blood cells showed accelerated recovery, and the numbers of CFU-GM and CFU-MK formed by bone marrow cells were also markedly higher after the combined implantation of NIH3T3-IL-3 and NIH3T3-IL-6 cells than in control groups. Our data show that combined use of fibroblast-mediated IL-3 and IL-6 gene therapy may be of clinical relevance for the recovery of hematopoietic depression for patients after chemotherapy. Received: 4 March 1998 / Accepted: 20 May 1998     

Stimulation of Hematopoiesis in Untreated and Cyclophosphamide Treated Mice by the Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis

Indomethacin (IN) was administered to untreated or to cyclophosphamide (CY) treated C57B1/6 mice to study the roles of prostaglandins in regulating hematopoiesis. The following hematopoietic parameters were quantitated: 1) peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) count; 2) total nucleated cells per spleen; 3) total nucleated cells per femur; and 4) spleen weight. Assays were performed in vitro to measure the number of colony forming units (CFU) present in the bone marrow and spleen. Untreated mice administered IN had a transient rise in their PBL count. These animals also developed splenomegaly and had an increased number of nucleated cells in their spleen. All CY treated mice had a marked decrease in PBL count, spleen cellularity, bone marrow cellularity, and spleen size during the first 5 days after CY treatment. These observations were followed by hematopoietic recovery over the next 10 days. Cyclophosphamide treated mice exhibited a more rapid hematopoietic recovery when treated with IN than without IN treatment. Analysis of the CFU capacity of bone marrow and spleen cells in soft agar showed a larger number of CFU in the bone marrow and spleen of IN treated mice or of CY/IN treated mice than in animals not receiving IN. These results indicate that prostaglandins are involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis in untreated mice and that prostaglandins may limit the hematopoietic recovery of CY treated mice.     

Accelerated recovery of hematopoiesis following sub-lethal whole body irradiation with recombinant murine interleukin-1 (IL-1)

This communication reports the results of studies designed to investigate the ability of recombinant murine interleukin-1 (rIL-1) to enhance the recovery of hematopoiesis following administration of sub-lethal whole body irradiation (2 Gy). Mice were administered rIL-1 (100 and 500 units) i.p. Twenty-four hours later these mice were administered 2 Gy radiation. Irradiated control mice were given only phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Animals were then serially sacrificed (on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, and 12 following irradiation) and their peripheral blood was analyzed for indices (packed red cell volume, WBC, platelets, and differential). Femoral bone marrow was harvested and assayed for their stem cell content--erythroid (CFU-E, BFU-E), granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), and megakaryocyte (CFU-MEG). Irradiated mice pretreated with rIL-1 demonstrated accelerated hematopoietic recovery as measured by higher WBC, platelets and femoral stem cell content than PBS-treated irradiated controls. These results indicate IL-1 may be an effective radioprotective agent against the hematotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation.     

Stimulation of Hematopoiesis in Untreated and Cyclophosphamide Treated Mice by the Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis

Abstract

Indomethacin (IN) was administered to untreated or to cyclophosphamide (CY) treated C57B1/6 mice to study the roles of prostaglandins in regulating hematopoiesis. The following hematopoietic parameters were quantitated: 1) peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) count; 2) total nucleated cells per spleen; 3) total nucleated cells per femur; and 4) spleen weight. Assays were performed in vitro to measure the number of colony forming units (CFU) present in the bone marrow and spleen. Untreated mice administered IN had a transient rise in their PBL count. These animals also developed splenomegaly and had an increased number of nucleated cells in their spleen. All CY treated mice had a marked decrease in PBL count, spleen cellularity, bone marrow cellularity, and spleen size during the first 5 days after CY treatment. These observations were followed by hematopoietic recovery over the next 10 days. Cyclophosphamide treated mice exhibited a more rapid hematopoietic recovery when treated with IN than without IN treatment. Analysis of the CFU capacity of bone marrow and spleen cells in soft agar showed a larger number of CFU in the bone marrow and spleen of IN treated mice or of CY/IN treated mice than in animals not receiving IN. These results indicate that prostaglandins are involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis in untreated mice and that prostaglandins may limit the hematopoietic recovery of CY treated mice.     

Effects of vaccinia virus-expressed interleukin 2 on the immune system of sublethally irradiated mice.

Vaccinia virus that expressed interleukin 2 (IL 2) was cleared from immunodeficient irradiated mice more efficiently than virus that did not express interleukin 2. These results extend the previously observed protection from nude mice to another model of immunodeficiency. No antibody or cytotoxic T lymphocyte response could be detected in sublethally irradiated mice that had been inoculated with IL 2-expressing vaccinia virus, but levels of splenic natural killer cell activity were elevated. Sublethally irradiated mice that had recovered from IL 2-plus hemagglutinin-expressing vaccinia virus were partially protected against both influenza virus and vaccinia virus. These results indicate that vaccinia virus-expressed IL 2 mediates clearance of primary viral infection via a mechanism that does not involve antibody or cytotoxic T lymphocytes. They also indicate that inclusion of lymphokine genes in live recombinant viral vaccine vectors may increase vaccine safety.     

Enhancement of in vivo production of IL-1α and IL-6 in mice by Y-25510, a 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-1-acetic acid derivative

The serum concentrations of interleukin(IL)-lα and IL-6 in C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN mice reached the maximum at 12–16h after the intravenous treatment with (±)-3-[4-(2-dimethylamino-l-methylethoxy)-phenyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-1-acetic acid (Y-25510) at a dose of 3 mg/kg, and the concentration of IL-10 did at 20h after the treatment. By repeated treatments with Y-25510 to C57BL/6 mice for 14 days, the maximal values of IL-lα and IL-6 at day 14 were respectively 6.6 times and 5.7 times relative to those on day 1. Neither the counts of peripheral leukocytes nor those of platelets were, however, increased until day 15. The repeated treatment with Y-25510 followed by anti-IL-10 antibody for 14 days was significantly more effective than that with Y-25510 alone in increasing the concentrations of IL-lα and IL-6 in C3H/HeN mice. In addition, both the counts of peripheral leukocytes and platelets were significantly increased at day 18. In conclusion, Y-25510 enhanced not only the production of endogenous IL-1α and IL-6 but also that of IL-10 in healthy mice. As a result, in normal conditions, both the counts of peripheral leukocytes and platelets were never increased because of the inhibitory effect of endogenously produced IL-10.     

Thrombocytopenia associated with the induction of neonatal tolerance to alloantigens: immunopathogenic mechanisms

BALB/c mice rendered tolerant to alloantigens by neonatal injection of semi-allogeneic (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 spleen cells develop a thrombocytopenia in association with an autoimmune lupus-like syndrome. The possible mechanisms involved in the thrombocytopenia were investigated. The development of thrombocytopenia was first detected at 3 weeks of age coinciding with the start of the other autoimmune manifestations and was always related to a state of tolerance and B cell chimerism. There was a significant increase of megakaryocytes in bone marrow and spleens from thrombocytopenic tolerant mice and radiolabeled platelets from these mice were more rapidly eliminated from the bloodstream than normal platelets when injected into normal recipients. A significant correlation between the spleen weight and the decrease of the circulating platelets was observed, although some mice with severe thrombocytopenia had only a moderate spleen enlargement. Thrombocytopenia significantly correlates with the levels of platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) but not with anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies or circulating immune complexes. Platelets from mice with high levels of PAIgG had a shorter life-span when injected into normal mice than those from mice with low or normal PAIgG. The possibility that PAIgG are partially due to antibodies reacting specifically with platelet membrane components was analyzed. First, F(ab')2 Ig fragments from tolerant mice were shown to bind to normal platelets, in contrast to F(ab')2 Ig fragments from normal mice. Second, some monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridomas derived from tolerant mice reacted in vitro with platelets and induced a transient thrombocytopenia after i.v. injection into normal mice. These data suggest that the thrombocytopenia observed in tolerant mice is the result of a peripheral hyperdestruction of platelets associated with (a) hypersplenism, (b) nonspecific fixation of immunoglobulins, probably as immune complexes and (c) with autoantibodies reacting specifically with platelets. It may represent an interesting model for human chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia.     

Accelerated myelopoietic recovery in irradiated mice treated with photofrin®

The porphyrin photosensitizer, Photofrin® porfimer sodium (Photofrin®), has been widely studied for its capacity to evoke destruction of malignant tissues. In addition to its photosensitizing properties, Photofrin® may exert myelostimulatory effects in normal and immunosuppressed mice in the absence of activating light. In the present set of experiments, we examined the effect of Photofrin® upon the immunohematopoietic axis of sublethally irradiated DBA/2 mice. Administration of Photofrin® (10 mg/kg) I and 4 days following irradiation (4 Gy) significantly enhanced the recovery of spleen cellularity, spleen and bone granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (colony-forming units, CFU-GM) and peripheral blood leukocytes levels. Proliferative responses to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A by spleen cells prepared from Photofrin®-treated mice were significantly less than those of cells from irradiated control mice 8 and 15 days post-irradiation. Photofrin® given 1, 4 and 7 days following irradiation elevated splenic CFU-GM 3 to 4-fold 10 days post-irradiation relative to the irradiated controls and mice given only two injections of Photofrin®. In contrast to the effect of two injections, multiple (three or four) injections of Photofrin® did not elevate bone marrow CFU-GM above control levels beyond 8 days post-irradiation. In addition, splenic CFU-GM levels in animals receiving three or four injections of Photofrin® were no different than those of the irradiated controls later than 10 days post-irradiation. These findings indicate that prolonged exposure to Photofrin® in sublethally irradiated mice may induce regulatory factors which dampen the enhanced myelopoietic recovery stimulated by only two injections of the drug.