腹腔镜辅助下小切口治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石的临床研究

目的 比较开腹与腹腔镜胆囊切除+辅助小切口胆总管探查取石术的临床效果.方法 自2012年5月至2013年12月,68例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石适宜行腹腔镜胆囊切除小切口辅助胆总管探查的病人,男性25例,女性43例;年龄23～70岁,平均年龄47.3岁.随机将68例病人分别进入开腹胆囊切除+胆总管探查取石术组(开腹组)与腹腔镜胆囊切除+辅助小切口+胆总管探查取石术组(小切口组).其中,腹腔镜辅助下小切口胆总管探查36例,男性12例,女性24例,平均年龄49.6岁.病程3个月至22年.并比较两组相关临床指标.结果 两组病例手术全部获得成功,腹腔镜辅助下小切口组无中转扩大手术切口,术后病人均恢复良好.温氏孔腹腔引流管均于术后2～3 d无排液时拔除,两组术后4～5周行T管造影,均无胆道残石及狭窄,拔除T管.开腹组与腹腔镜辅助下小切口组比较,手术时间、术中出血、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后镇痛剂的使用、伤口感染、住院时间,两组组间比较差异存在统计学意义(P＜0.01);两组术后无胆瘘及胆道残石率发生.开腹组平均住院费用(8614.1±246.4)元,小切口组平均住院费用(7451.5±113.5)元,两组平均住院费用差异存在统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜辅助下小切口行胆囊切除+胆总管探查取石术,疗效满意、安全可行;比开腹手术更具有微创、并发症少、恢复快的优势.     

腹腔镜不同方式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床分析

目的 对腹腔镜不同方式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效进行比较和评价.方法 回顾性分析2000年6月至2004年10月,24例行腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆总管探查、一期缝合术(A组),21例行腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆总管探查、T管引流术(B组),22例行腹腔镜胆囊切除联合内镜乳头括约肌切开取石术(C组)患者的手术及术后情况.结果 A组手术时间少于B组(P＜0.05),A组住院时间、术后用药时间均少于B组和C组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).三组患者术中出血量及并发症的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆总管探查、一期缝合术是治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石疗效肯定的微创手术,其保持了Oddi括约肌的完整性,缩短了住院时间和术后用药时间,降低了患者的费用.     

三种术式行胆总管切开取石术的对比研究

目的:比较完全腹腔镜手术、小切口手术及开腹手术行胆总管切开取石术的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析近5年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石手术治疗的217例患者的临床资料,其中,行腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)+腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术( LCBDE) 69例(腹腔镜组);行LC+小切口胆总管切开取石术85例(小切口组);行开腹胆囊切除+胆总管切口取石术63例(开腹组).对比3组间的相关临床指标.结果:腹腔镜组、小切口组在术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后疼痛、并发症发生率以及术后住院时间上明显优于开腹组(均P＜0.05),小切口组在手术时间及气腹时间上明显少于腹腔镜组(均P＜0.05).结论:LCBDE及辅助小切口手术都具有创伤小、恢复快、痛苦少等优点.与LCBDE相比,小切口手术减少了手术时间及术中气腹时间,尤其适用于不能耐受长时间气腹及心肺功能较差的年老患者.     

开腹手术和腹腔镜手术治疗老年胆囊及胆总管结石的疗效分析

目的 比较腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开探查取石术和传统开腹胆囊切除+胆总管开探查取石术的临床效果.方法 2009年3月到2012年12月我院52例老年胆总管结石患者分两组,组腹腔镜25例行腹腔镜胆切除+胆总管切开取石术;27例传统开腹胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石术.统计手术时间,术后住院时间,术后发症.结果 腹腔镜组具有住院时间短,术中出血少.结论 腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术完全能达到传统开腹胆道切开取石术的效果,并具有创伤小,痛苦少,恢复快的优点.     

腹腔镜与传统开腹手术治疗胆总管结石的临床应用比较

目的比较腹腔镜胆囊切除＋胆总管切开探查取石术和传统开腹胆囊切除＋胆总管切开探查取石术的临床效果和医疗费用。方法55例胆总管结石患者分两组,A组25例行腹腔镜胆囊切除＋胆总管切开取石术;B组30例行传统开腹胆囊切除＋胆总管切开取石术。统计手术时间,术后开始下床活动时间,术后胃肠功能恢复时间,术后住院时间,术后并发症和总住院费用。结果两组患者都顺利完成手术,术后两组各有1例患者胆道造影残留结石,两组手术时间无显著差异,A组患者术后下床活动时间、胃肠功能恢复时间较B组患者早,术后A组住院时间较B组短,住院费用A组较B组增多。结论腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术完全能达到传统开腹胆道切开取石术的效果,并具有创伤小,痛苦少,恢复快的优点,是治疗胆总管结石的理想手术方式之一。     

胆囊结石并胆总管结石三种手术治疗的对比研究

目的 评价腹腔镜胆囊切除术、胆总管探查取石术(LC+LCBDE)与内镜下Oddi括约肌切开联用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(EST+LC)、剖腹胆囊切除术、胆总管探查引流术(OC+ECBD)3种治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果.方法 胆囊结石合并胆总管结石289例分别采用OC+ECBD(O组)、LC+LCBDE(L组)和EST+LC(E组)治疗,其中O组132例、L组36例、E组121例,比较3组的手术总时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、并发症发生率、住院天数等.结果 3种术式的结石残留率、胆漏发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);O组手术总时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间均明显长于L、E组(P<0.01).结论 3种术式各有其适应证和优缺点.胆囊结石合并胆总管结石、单纯胆总管结石,无明显胆管感染或急性胰腺炎者适合选择LC+LCBDE.     

腹腔镜胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石两种术式的疗效比较

目的对比腹腔镜胆囊切除+经胆囊管胆道探查术(LC+LTCBDE)与腹腔镜胆囊切除术+胆总管切开探查+T管引流术(LC+LCHTD)两组微创手术方式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法 130例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,其中70例行LC+LTCBDE,60例行LC+LCHTD。比较两组患者手术时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后恢复正常生活时间和并发症情况(胆漏、出血、胆管狭窄,胆管残余结石等)。结果 LC+LTCBDE组的手术时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后恢复正常生活时间均低于LC+LCHTD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 LC+LTCBDE可作为胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的首选治疗,难以经胆囊管胆道探查时,LC+LCHTD仍为明智选择。     

LC辅助小切口胆总管探查取石治疗复杂肝胆管结石的临床应用

探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)辅助小切口胆总管探查取石在复杂肝胆管结石中的应用。168例复杂肝胆管结石患者按照患者及家属知情意愿分为对照组与观察组,每组84例。对照组行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE),观察组行LC辅助小切口胆总管探查取石术。在术中失血量、住院时间、术后卧床时间、肛门排气时间以及并发症方面,观察组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组手术时间显著少于对照组(t=5.927,P0.01)。复杂肝胆管结石的治疗可首先考虑LC+LCBDE;对手术失败者,肝胆管结石较多且大部分位于Ⅱ级胆管以上者,术前评估手术难度大、取石时间长者,胆总管直径1.0 cm者应直接选择腹腔镜下胆囊切除辅助小切口胆总管探查取石术。     

胆囊结石合并胆总管结石不同术式疗效及并发症比较

目的探讨胆囊结石合并胆总管结石不同术式疗效及并发症比较。方法收集2011年3月~2015年10月我院肝胆外科收治的120例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者均分为A、B、C组,A组实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合胆总管探查术,B组实施胆总管探查术联合传统开腹胆囊切除术,C组实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合内镜下Oddi括约肌切开取石术,观察比较3组围术期相关指标[手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间]、临床疗效及术后并发症情况,同时对三组患者术后复发情况进行为期1年随访。结果 A、C组手术时间、术中出血量均较B组显著小(P0.05),A组住院时间较B、C组均显著短(P0.05);A组术后临床疗效较B、C组显著高(P0.05);A组术后并发症总发生率较B、C组显著低,均差异显著(P0.05);三组患者术后1年均得到有效随访,A组术后1年复发率5.00%较B组的42.50%、C组的20.00%显著低,且C组1年复发率较B组显著低,均差异显著(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合胆总管探查术是治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效确切、安全可靠的方案,值得临床推广应用。     

不同方式行胆囊切除加胆总管切开取石术的比较

目的:比较常规腹腔镜手术、腹腔镜转小切口手术和开腹手术行胆囊切除术+胆总管切开取石术的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析近4年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石手术治疗的107例患者的临床资料,其中,腹腔镜组:腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)+腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术(LCBDE)40例。小切口组:32例,包括行LC+LCBDE中转小切口胆道探查术、取石2例。开腹组:开腹胆囊切除+胆总管切口取石术35例。对比、分析3组的相关临床指标。结果:3组均无严重并发症。腹腔镜组、小切口组在术中出血、术后肛门排气时间、术后疼痛、感染等并发症发生率以及术后住院时间方面要优于开腹组(均P<0.05);小切口组手术时间比腹腔镜组短。结论:与开腹手术相比,LCBDE及小切口组具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、更美观等优点。但LCBDE组的适应证范围较开腹组窄,不适用于体质较差、心肺功能较差的年老患者以及不能耐受长时间气腹等患者。     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.