前交通动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

前交通动脉瘤(anterior communicating artery aneurysm，AcoA)占脑动脉瘤的30％-35％，是最常见的颅内动脉瘤。我院2002年1月～2003年10月行前交通动脉瘤夹闭术69例，现报告如下。     

前交通动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨前交通动脉瘤治疗中影像学检查对显微手术的作用、显微手术技巧、术中动脉瘤破裂的处理。方法总结15例前交通动脉瘤的显微神经外科手术治疗经验，采用Yasargil的经额颞翼点入路，夹闭瘤颈。结果术后愈合优良13例，轻残1例，死亡1例。结论影像学检查和显微外科手术对于成功的夹闭动脉瘤和减少并发症的发生起到相当重要的作用。     

显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 总结报道显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床效果。方法 回顾分析89例显微外科手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的手术时机、动脉瘤颈的暴露及夹闭技巧。结果 89例显微外科手术，共夹闭动脉瘤95个。术后症状明显好转，剧烈头痛1～5d内消失；有嗜睡表现的19例术后1周内16例完全清醒；对侧肢体瘫痪的41例中，有35例肌力恢复在Ⅳ级以上，其余6例肌力恢复到Ⅱ～Ⅲ级。动眼神经麻痹7例有4例完全恢复，3例眼裂有不同程度增宽。脑膜刺激征阳性的65例有63例1周内转为阴性。按Glasgow预后指标分级：其中1级65例（73。0％）、2级12例（13.5％）、3级6例（6．7％）、4级3例（3.4％）、5级（即死亡）3例（3．4％）。结论 采用显微外科技术治疗颅内动脉瘤，能精确保护穿支动脉，减少术中动脉瘤破裂及术后脑血管痉挛，明显提高颅内动脉瘤手术的临床疗效。     

小脑前下动脉动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

小脑前下动脉（anterior inferior cerebellar artery,AICA）动脉瘤是十分罕见的颅内动脉瘤.我院自1995年6月至2004年12月共治疗颅内动脉瘤406例,其中AICA动脉瘤3例（0.74%）,现结合文献对其分型,临床特点及显微手术技巧进行讨论,报道如下.     

前交通动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的观察经翼点入路显微外科手术治疗前交通动脉瘤的疗效。方法前交通动脉瘤患者62例,采用翼点入路显微手术夹闭前交通动脉瘤瘤颈。结果显微手术成功夹闭动脉瘤62例,术后GOS评定:恢复良好50例(80.6%),轻度残废8例(12.9%),重度残疾2例(3.2%),死亡2例(3.2%)。38例术中神经电生理监测患者术中SSEPs变化4例,MEPs变化5例,EEG变化2例,术中监测无变化或虽有变化但干预后恢复者术后神经功能良好。术后复查,36例恢复良好,偏瘫2例。术后4例出现神经功能障碍,CT示脑组织挫伤或脑梗死灶。结论翼点入路显微手术治疗前交通动脉瘤安全有效。     

32例颅内动脉瘤显微手术治疗

目的总结颅内动脉瘤中的显微手术经验,提高手术效果。方法回顾显微外科手术夹闭32例动脉瘤的手术时机及术中操作要点。结果显微手术治疗32例动脉瘤,28例痊愈,3例部分偏瘫或语言智能障碍,1例死亡,病死率3.2%。结论显微手术夹闭颅内动脉瘤效果良好。对动脉瘤术前Hunt分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者应尽早手术,Ⅲ级及以上者,待病情平稳后再手术。     

经翼点入路颅内前循环动脉瘤显微夹闭术的手术配合

颅内动脉瘤是脑动脉上的异常膨出部分，是发生蛛网膜下腔出血的最常见原因。而动脉瘤夹闭术是处理颅内动脉瘤理想和最常用的方法。我院2000年1月～2008年12月共施行动脉瘤显微夹闭术230例，效果满意，现将手术配合体会报道如下。     

大脑后动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的：报道１２例大脑后动脉（ＰＣＡ）动脉瘤的显微手术治疗的效果。方法：１２例动脉瘤，其中ＰＩ（脚间池段）段２例，Ｐ２段７例、Ｐ３段２例，Ｐ４段１例，Ｐ１段动脉瘤经翼点入路手术，Ｐ２、Ｐ３段动脉瘤经颞下入路手术，ＰＣＡ动脉瘤的手术方法主要有夹闭瘤颈、夹闭动脉瘤近侧ＰＣＡ及孤立动脉瘤等。结果：术后死亡１例，效果较差２例，良好以上９例，结论：显微外科手术治疗大脑后动脉动脉瘤，手术较彻底，可避免术中损伤，手术并发症减少，可显著提高手术疗效。     

颅内前循环动脉瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的 探讨颅内前循环动脉瘤显微外科手术治疗方法,总结前循环动脉瘤治疗的相关经验.方法 回顾性分析近2年来显微外科治疗Ⅰ～Ⅳ级颅内前循环动脉瘤171例(共174个动脉瘤)的临床资料,以及不同部位动脉瘤的手术技巧及治疗经验.结果 Ⅰ～Ⅳ级颅内前循环动脉瘤171例,其中后交通动脉瘤67例,前交通动脉瘤56例,大脑中动脉瘤32例,颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤10例,眼动脉瘤6例,多发动脉瘤3例.均成功进行了手术夹闭,术后GOS评分预后分级Ⅰ级3例,Ⅲ级6例,Ⅳ级14例,Ⅴ级148例.结论 良好的显露及显微外科技术是成功夹闭动脉瘤的关键;术中预判、动脉瘤夹合理的选择、载瘤动脉的正确阻断是值得重视的影响手术成败的因素.     

显微手术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤16例

目的 探讨颅内复杂动脉瘤的显微手术治疗方法及临床疗效. 方法 回顾性分析16例26个颅内复杂动脉瘤显微外科手术治疗患者的临床资料.16例复杂动脉瘤均使用64排螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)检查确诊,其中巨大动脉瘤3例,位置深在、难于暴露且周围有重要神经、血管的动脉瘤5例,一次开颅同时处理多个病变的多发动脉瘤8例.根据动脉瘤的所在部位和动脉瘤体积采取相应的外科手术入路,主要有翼点入路、扩大的额颞入路、眶-颧-颞-翼点入路和枕下极外侧入路.对多发动脉瘤的处理原则是先处理破裂动脉瘤,再处理末破裂动脉瘤.动脉瘤直接夹闭14个,孤立1个,包裹1个. 结果 依据GOS判断:良好11例,中残1例,重残1例.结论 显微外科手术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤效果显著,术中需采取充分的显露、血管临时阻断、脑保护技术、瘤颈缩窄、瘤体成形等综合措施,方能达到满意的手术效果.     

Microsurgical anatomy of the anterior choroidal artery

Summary The anterior choroidal artery (A.ch.a.) was studied in 140 hemispheres of the human brain. In 50 specimens the artery was cannulated and perfused with acrylic resin, in 20 specimens the A.ch.a., was selectively cannulated and perfused with dye. The artery then was microsurgically dissected and photographically documented.The site of origin of the A.ch.a., its length, outer diameter, course, branching patterns, anastomoses, and areas of supply was recorded. The surgical and diagnostic significance of the A.ch.a. and its importance during surgical procedures are discussed.     

Microsurgical anatomy of the anterior choroidal artery

The anatomy of the anterior choroidal artery was studied in 25 adult brains (50 cerebral hemispheres). The point of origin and the distribution of this artery were determined. The surgical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.     

Distal anterior choroidal artery aneurysm following iatrogenic posterior cerebral artery occlusion

Aneurysms of the anterior choroidal artery are uncommon and account for only 2–5% of all intracranial aneurysms. Distal anterior choroidal artery aneurysms are rare and the pathogenesis of this aneurysm may be different from typical proximal ones. We describe an unusual case of ruptured de novo distal anterior choroidal artery aneurysm in a 55 year-old man who had previously undergone endovascular proximal occlusion for a fusiform aneurysm of the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery (PCA). A comprehensive review of literature using Medline, PubMed and all related journals was also performed. Only 34 reported distal AchoA aneurysms were found: 16 associated with moyamoya disease, 10 idiopathic, two with atherosclerosis, two with arteriovenous malformation, two dissecting, one infectious and one due to trauma. It is probable that the increased hemodynamic stress within the AchoA contributed to the formation and rupture of the reported aneurysm. This late complication needs to be considered when large intracranial vessels are iatrogenically occluded in the management of complex intracranial aneurysms.     

Dissecting aneurysm of the anterior choroidal artery: angiographical and MR imaging findings

BACKGROUND: Intracranial dissecting aneurysms are relatively rare. We present a rare case of a dissecting aneurysm originating from the anterior choroidal artery; this is the first reported case.CASE DESCRIPTION: A 42-year-old man suffered sudden onset of right hemiparesis and dysarthria. Computed tomography on admission revealed a small low density area in the posterior limb of the internal capsule. MR imaging revealed aneurysmal dilatation of the anterior choroidal artery, and angiography revealed aneurysmal dilatation and stasis of dye in the venous phase at the anterior choroidal artery, which resolved in the chronic stage.CONCLUSION: We describe a rare case of a dissecting aneurysm of the anterior choroidal artery. The radiological findings were characteristic of dissecting aneurysms in spite of the rare location.     

A large anomalous anterior choroidal artery associated with internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery aneurysm.

A case of a large anomalous anterior choroidal artery (AchA) associated with internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery aneurysm is reported. At surgery, the large anomalous AchA mimicked the PcomA. Therefore, we initially mistook the large anomalous AchA for the PcomA, and the ICA-PcomA aneurysm for the dorsal ICA aneurysm arising at a location of other than an arterial division. This is a rare case of an anomaly of the AchA with an associated aneurysm found at surgery. Anatomical and surgical considerations are made.     

Use of microvascular Doppler sonography in aneurysm surgery on the anterior choroidal artery

Anterior choroidal artery (AChA) syndrome is still one of the most serious complications of the clipping of internal carotid artery aneurysms. No monitoring method can detect ischemia in the area of the AChA during surgery. This artery may be obstructed when a clip is applied to the neck of the aneurysm, and patency is sometimes difficult to confirm by microscopy because of the artery's small size and site of origin (usually behind the internal carotid artery as viewed surgically). However, microvascular Doppler sonography (MVDS) can detect flow instantaneously even in such a small vessel. In our series, AChA syndrome occurred in three of 19 patients treated for AChA aneurysm before the introduction of MVDS, but only one of 19 patients treated with the aid of this device. In that patient, one of the two AChA branches was intentionally sacrificed by applying a clip to the prematurely ruptured aneurysm. MVDS detected hypoperfusion of the AChA after clipping in five other patients, and so the clip was readjusted to preserve AChA flow. Use of MVDS is very effective to prevent inadvertent injury to the AChA during aneurysm surgery on this artery.     

Distal anterior choroidal artery aneurysms

BACKGROUND: Distal AChoA aneurysms are quite rare. Only 12 operated cases have been reported in the English medical literature. Treatment of these aneurysms is also difficult because of their deep location, small size, and angioarchitecture. METHODS: The authors report 2 additional patients with aneurysms, arising from the distal AChoA and located within the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. In the first patient, the aneurysm could also be visualized with CTA, which is the first demonstration in the literature. RESULTS: The aneurysms were explored and resected via a transtemporal/ventricular approach in both patients. One patient was discharged as neurologically intact and the other died because of severe vasospasm. CONCLUSIONS: The conclusions drawn from our experience and a comprehensive review of the literature include the following: (1) A distal AChoA aneurysm should be considered in patients with isolated medial temporal intracerebral hematoma with intraventricular extension. (2) These aneurysms are frequently very small (<5 mm). Therefore, they cannot be detected on initial angiograms in some cases. (3) These small aneurysms cannot be usually clipped without sacrificing the parent artery. (4) Sacrificing distal AChoA (beyond the plexal point) does not usually cause any neurological deficit, but, whenever possible, this artery should be preserved.