颞下颌关节内紊乱症关节盘前后界限改变的磁共振定位研究

目的:确定颞下颌关节内紊乱症(TMJ ID)患者关节盘移位改变的范围,探讨其临床意义。方法:17例(34个颞下颌关节)TMJ ID患者(病例组),使用GE Signa Excite Ⅱ1.5T超导型MR扫描仪,采用颞下颌关节MRI表面线圈对病例组双侧颞下颌关节进行斜矢状闭口位、开口位和斜冠状闭口位自旋回波(SE)T1WI、T2WI、PDWI扫描,与15例(30个颞下颌关节)正常人(正常对照组)的MR影像进行对比分析。结果:2组64个关节均获得清晰的MR图像,T1WI和PDWI图像斜矢状闭口位时,病例组关节盘前缘位于关节结节最低点垂直线前约0.42mm,而正常对照组则位于其前约0.14mm,2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);病例组关节盘后带与双板区交界处约位于髁状突12点位垂直线14.4°处,而正常对照组则位于其3.19°处,2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组盘分界线角及盘前分界线差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用颞下颌关节表面线圈进行MRI扫描能非常清晰地显示关节盘位置、形态及相关组织的结构状态,可准确诊断TMJ ID。TMJ ID患者在斜矢状闭口位时关节盘前后缘均有明显前移,关节盘移位是判断TMJ ID的重要指征。     

臂丛颈部的解剖学研究及其临床应用

目的为臂丛麻醉提供解剖学基础,并为解剖学积累新资料。方法解剖成年国人尸体20具(男16,女4)、40侧颈部。观察第5-8颈神经前支(C5-8)和第1胸神经前支(T1)及其上、中、下干的位置。测量各根、干的长度和中干末端与锁骨相交点的距离以及中干末端与锁骨相交点距胸锁关节外侧的距离。结果C5,C6,C7(即臂丛中干),C8和T1的长度分别为(33.6±0.82)mm,(均数±标准差,下同),(28.6±0.73)mm,(53.4±1.15)mm,(28.7±1.24)mm和(24.2±1.11)mm。臂丛上、下干的长度分别为(25.9±0.78)mm和(32.7mm±1.28)mm。中干(即C7)末端与锁骨相交点的距离为(26.3±0.66)mm,中干末端与锁骨相交点距胸锁关节的距离为(59.3±1.04)mm。前斜角肌的止点均平锁骨上缘(100%),其止点外缘距离胸锁关节(46.2±0.8)mm。结论臂丛颈部阻滞的最佳穿刺点位于胸锁关节沿锁骨外侧60mm、直上26mm处。     

颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位关节内压测量与分析

[目的]了解关节盘不可复性前移位患者关节上腔中压力变化的规律,初步探讨其对颞下颌关节紊乱病的分类的指导意义.[方法]收集颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位患者16例22侧,用关节内压测量仪通过穿刺针进入关节上腔,分别测量患者关节张闭口位的关节上腔内压,并记录波形和平均值,测压后进行颞下颌关节镜手术.[结果]关节盘不可复性前移位关节上腔内压可分3种类型.高压型压力普遍升高且波动幅度增大,开口位平均压力为(-948±2382)Pa,闭口位压力为(1 286±937)Pa;反压型压力变化规律反常,开口位(997±1132)Pa,闭口位(-521±833)Pa;低压型关节上腔异常负压,开口位(-15 261±12 211)Pa,闭口位(-8 163±3203)Pa.[结论]本实验测量了不可复性盘前移位关节开闭口位腔内压,并根据关节内压变化规律将关节盘不可复性盘前移位初步分为3种类型,结合关节镜所见从病理学角度提出了各种类型的成因.     

手法复位治疗颞下颌关节急性不可复性盘前移的疗效

目的探讨手法复位治疗颞下颌关节急性不可复性关节盘前移的临床效果。方法对20例颞下颌关节急性不可复性盘前移的患者手法复位移位的关节盘,然后对患者进行2-4周行为训练。结果开口度恢复正常,最大开口度由原来平均(24.22±0.12)mm增大到(47.43±1.36)mm;开口疼痛症状消除,视觉模拟疼痛分值由(6.21±0.45)分下降到(0.32±0.05)分;开口运动下颌偏向由治疗前的偏向患侧到治疗后的无偏向;下颌向无病变侧运动由原来的(3.51±0.81)mm增大到(7.82±0.38)mm;关节区触痛视觉模拟疼痛分值由(5.24±0.24)分下降到(1.43±0.03)分;MRI报告显示关节盘位置由移位到正常。结论手法复位是治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病急性不可复性关节盘移位的一种有效的治疗方法。     

颞动脉活检中面神经的解剖学研究

目的:为颞动脉活检中防止损伤面神经额支提供解剖学基础。方法:对16具防腐成人尸体标本进行解剖,建立坐标定点测量颞浅动脉额支和面神经额支外上支的位置。结果:①颞浅动脉额支在标志点A~E坐标值分别为(22.95±3.81,17.32±4.54)mm;(27.02±0.78,19.96±6.86)mm;(36.14±8.09,26.45±7.22)mm;(54.07±1.59,33.27±6.02)mm;(59.93±8.94,37.48±5.37)mm;②面神经额支外上支在F点和G点坐标值分别为(36.14±8.09,0)mm;(54.07±1.59,15.28±4.87)mm;③颞浅动脉额支走行呈直线相关,C、D两点之间直线回归方程为^y=8.64+0.48X,r=0.67,P<0.001。④面神经额支外上支在F和G点之间呈直线相关,直线回归方程为^y=-18.66+0.58X,r=0.74,P<0.001。结论:颞浅动脉额支和面神经额支外上支都可通过直线回归方程进行定位,越靠近眉外端两者距离越近,F点和G点连线以下为颞动脉活检中易损伤面神经额支的危险区。     

基于3D-T2加权成像评估颞下颌关节功能紊乱病患者翼外肌收缩程度

目的 基于3D-T2加权成像序列采用多平面重建技术测量闭口位及张口位翼外肌长度评估颞下颌关节功能紊乱病(TMD)患者翼外肌收缩程度。方法 对2019年11月至2020年4月中国人民解放军总医院海南医院放射科门诊就诊的17例TMD患者[年龄(29.82±10.70)岁,男性8例、女性9例]及13名正常志愿者[年龄(23.54±3.31)岁,男性6例、女性7例]行闭口位及张口位颞下颌关节磁共振三维T2加权成像。根据关节盘位置分为TMD并关节盘不可复性移位组(TMD-DDwoR)、TMD并关节盘可复性移位组(TMD-DDwR)、TMD并关节盘无移位组(TMDwoDD)及正常对照无关节盘移位组(NCwoDD)。采用多平面重建技术分别测量闭口位及张口位翼外肌上腹最大长度。统计学采用单因素方差分析、受试者工作特征曲线及置换检验。结果 TMD-DDwoR组[(3.36±1.96)mm]翼外肌张口位收缩程度显著小于TMDwoDD组[(7.90±3.95)mm]、NCwoDD组[(8.77±3.13)mm](F=12.891,P=0.000)及TMD-DDwR组[(7.12±3.69)mm](χ²=5.314,P=0.031)。结论 本研究证实颞下颌关节盘不可复性移位患者翼外肌收缩程度减低,为TMD患者关节盘移位机制的研究提供了影像学证据。     

颅骨颧点至卵圆孔和翼腭窝的方向与距离

对250个已知性别的成人颅骨的颧点至卵圆孔和翼腭窝的方向和距离进行了观测和统计学处理。颧点至卵圆孔的距离:男性平均为40.97±0.15mm;女性平均为38.70±0.21mm。颧点至翼腭窝的距离:男性平均为43.97±0.17mm;女性平均为40.91±0.21mm。面宽与颧点至卵圆孔距离的回归方程式:(男)Y=2.8639+0.2855X;(女)Y=1.1 838+0.2975 X。面宽与颧点至翼腭窝距离的回归方程式:(男)Y=0.3958X—8.8446;(女)Y=0.100+0.3247X。     

阿尔茨海默病血清IL-12、IFN-γ和IL-10检测及其临床意义

目的 探讨阿尔茨海默病 (AD)患者血清白细胞介素_12(IL_12)、干扰素_γ(IFN_γ)和白细胞介素_10(IL_10)检测的临床意义。方法 分离24例阿尔茨海默病患者血清 ,采用双抗体夹心ELISA方法检测血清IL_12、IFN_γ和IL_10水平。结果 轻中度AD组和重度AD组血清IFN_γ水平分别为 (17.72±18.25)ng/L和(25.31±46.38)ng/L,较正常对照组(5.95±2.72)ng/L显著增高 (均P<0.01) ;重度AD组血清IL_12、及IL_10水平分别为(62.23±65.45)ng/L和(17.10±8.08)ng/L,均较正常对照组水平明显增高 (均P<0.05) ;重度AD组血清IL_10水平较轻中度AD组(9.28±2.41)ng/L明显增高 (P<0.01)。结论 AD患者血清IL_12、IFN_γ和IL_10水平升高可能与患者的脑免疫病理性损伤有关。检测AD患者上述血清细胞因子水平 ,可在一定程度上了解AD患者的免疫应答程度和特点     

成人正畸治疗对颞下颌关节的影响及其与颞下颌关节紊乱病的关系

目的探讨成人正畸治疗对颞颌关节（temporomandibular joint,TMJ）的影响及其与颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibular disorderTMD）的关系。方法选择60名20～29岁成人正畸患者,用Helkimo指数将患者分为TMJ无症状组、TMJ有症状组两组,分别在治疗前（t1）、治疗中期（t2）及治疗结束后（t3）,用MRI检查治疗前后关节盘的位置,并用电子测量尺测量TMJ的前、后间隙,观察颞颌关节在治疗前后的变化情况与TMD之间的关系。结果TMJ无症状组、TMJ有症状组在治疗中TMD的发生率分别为18．20％、56．25％,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,并发现关节盘移位,治疗后关节前间隙增加,关节后间隙减少。结论成人正畸治疗不会导致TMD,但在治疗过程中可能出现TMD症状,并有出现TMD重度症状的风险。成人在正畸治疗前对TMJ进行评估有重要意义。     

阿尔茨海默病血清IL—12，IFN—γ和IL—10检测及其临床意义

目的探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者血清白细胞介素-12(IL-12)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)检测的临床意义.方法分离24例阿尔茨海默病患者血清,采用双抗体夹心ELISA方法检测血清IL-12、IFN-γ和IL-10水平.结果轻中度AD组和重度AD组血清IFN-γ水平分别为(17.72±18.25)ng/L和(25.31±46.38)ng/L,较正常对照组(5.95±2.72)ng/L显著增高(均P＜0.01);重度AD组血清IL-12、及IL-10水平分别为(62.23±65.45)ng/L和(17.10±8.08)ng/L,均较正常对照组水平明显增高(均P＜0.05);重度AD组血清IL-10水平较轻中度AD组(9.28±2.41)ng/L明显增高(P＜0.01).结论 AD患者血清IL-12、IFN-γ和IL-10水平升高可能与患者的脑免疫病理性损伤有关.检测AD患者上述血清细胞因子水平,可在一定程度上了解AD患者的免疫应答程度和特点.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.