慢性化脓性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤术前颞骨CT及耳内镜评估的意义

目的 探讨颞骨CT及耳内镜对慢性化脓性中耳炎静止期及中耳胆脂瘤术前评估的重要性。方法 回顾性分析慢性化脓性中耳炎静止期及中耳胆脂瘤患者42耳病历资料,从CT、耳内镜及术中发现进行分析。结果 ①根据CT结合术中所见,慢性化脓性中耳炎静止期CT分型分为单纯型、硬化灶型、肉芽型、硬化灶肉芽型。胆脂瘤型CT主要表现为听骨链消失或锤砧关节消失,乳突大部分呈硬化型,少部分为板障型,上鼓室鼓窦扩大,上鼓室、中鼓室甚至后鼓室乳突腔为软组织影占据,部分病例外半规管骨质破坏、面神经管水平段骨质破坏,部分病例外耳道后壁骨质破坏;单纯型CT示中耳鼓室乳突呈不完全气化型;硬化灶型CT示中耳鼓室乳突呈硬化型,病变局限于中鼓室,锤骨柄及镫骨周围有“类似骨质影”包裹;肉芽型、硬化灶肉芽型CT相似,示病变累及鼓室及乳突,听骨链基本完整,面神经管水平段骨质完整,但硬化灶型与肉芽型区别之处在于前者鼓室内听骨链周围有“类骨质”样散在高密度影。②耳内镜所见慢性化脓性中耳炎静止期鼓膜紧张部穿孔,鼓膜可有钙化斑;中耳胆脂瘤型则有上鼓室内陷或穿孔、后上象限穿孔、大穿孔、外耳道顶壁或后上壁下塌。结论 慢性化脓性中耳炎静止期及中耳胆脂瘤的术前CT及耳内镜评估,对病变性质、范围、程度及指导手术起重要作用。     

鼻内镜下经咽鼓管冲洗治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎

目的：探讨鼻内窥镜下经咽鼓管冲洗注药治疗单纯型慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床效果。方法：将51例单纯型化脓性中耳炎患者随机分为治疗组28例和对照组23例，治疗组在鼻内镜直视下，经咽鼓管冲洗、注药，外耳道引流、吸引治疗；对照组常规应用抗生素溶液滴耳。随访3个月，观察两组疗效。结果：治疗组干耳率、细菌清除率高于对照组,复发率低于对照组(P均＜0.05)。结论：鼻内窥镜下经咽鼓管冲洗治疗慢性单纯型化脓性中耳炎干耳率高，疗效确切。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎病原菌及耐药性分析

目的研究慢性化脓性中耳炎的主要病原菌种类及对抗生寨的耐药情况。方法对132例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的脓性分泌物进行细菌培养并对分离的病原菌进行药物敏感试验。结果分离出病原菌152株,以金黄色葡萄球菌（49株）和铜绿假单胞菌（25株）为主,真菌5株。金黄色葡萄球菌对喹诺酮类敏感,敏感率为79．6％。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶和喹诺酮类敏感,敏感率分别为84％和64％。结论金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌是聊城地区慢性化脓性中耳炎主要致病菌,二者均对喹诺酮类敏感,铜绿假单胞菌亦对三代头孢类的头孢他啶敏感。临床医师在对慢性化脓性中耳炎患者治疗时应根据细菌培养和药敏结果用药,准确有效的治疗,以防耐药菌株的发生。真菌在慢性化脓性中耳炎致病菌中不容忽视。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎伴蛛网膜下腔出血病例分析

1病例资料患者,女,45岁。因低热伴头晕1周,加重1d,左耳流脓1d入院。患者1周前无明显诱因出现发热,T 37.5℃,觉头晕,无明显头痛,无恶心、呕吐、耳痛及耳鸣。在当地医院门诊输液(阿莫西林)6d,头晕无明显好转,发热停止。近1天觉头晕明     

慢性化脓性中耳炎病原菌分析及临床意义

目的分析慢性化脓性中耳炎患者病原菌群分布及对抗生素的耐药性，指导临床用药。方法对收治的163例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者中耳分泌物进行细菌及真菌分离培养和药物敏感试验。结果163例患者中，有136例检出病原菌，检出率为83.4％。以金黄色葡萄球菌(42株)、铜绿假单胞菌(29株)和肺炎克雷伯菌（22株）为主,真菌6株。结论慢性化脓性中耳炎患者感染病原菌中以金黄色葡萄球菌多见，不同病原菌对药物的耐药性不同，临床使用抗生素时应行细菌培养及药物敏感试验，使用敏感抗生素治疗。     

Prevalence of otitis media,hearing impairment and cerumen impaction among school children in rural and urban Dar es Salaam,Tanzania

Eight hundred and two (802) primary school children in rural and urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, were examined to determine the prevalence of otitis media, hearing impairment and cerumen impaction by otoscopy and pure tone audiometry. Ear disease was found in 222 (27.7%) of the children. One hundred and twenty six (15.7%) had cerumen impaction, 70 (8.7%) had sensorineural hearing loss and 21 (2.6%) had chronic suppurative otitis media. Cerumen impaction was found in 20.45% of the rural school children and in 14.8% of the urban school children. This difference in prevalence between the two groups was not statistically significant. The prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media (COM) was 9.44% among the rural school children and 1.3% among the urban school children, the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.001). Sensorineural hearing impairment was found in 14.1% of the rural school children and in 7.7% of the urban children, this also being statistically significant (P < 0.05). The low prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media among the urban school children is ascribed to better medical services which facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media. This emphasizes the need to improve the health services in the rural areas so that acute otitis media is diagnosed and treated at the primary level of health care. This will in turn prevent hearing impairment due to chronic suppurative otitis media.     

高分辨率CT对慢性化脓性中耳炎和胆脂瘤中耳炎软组织分型的诊断价值

目的 探讨高分辨率CT(high-resolution CT,HRCT)检查在慢性化脓性中耳炎及胆脂瘤中耳炎软组织分型中的诊断价值.方法 对120例153耳慢性化脓性中耳炎和胆脂瘤中耳炎患者行HRCT检查,以原始轴位图像为基础,分别行轴位、冠状位多平面重建(multiplanar reconstructtion,MPR)及最大密度投影(maximum intensity projiection,MIP),观察软组织生长特点、窗宽窗位对软组织显影的影响、邻近主要解剖结构改变情况并与手术结果进行对比.结果 120例153耳中经HRCT诊断为胆脂瘤中耳炎109耳,其中27耳合并肉芽组织;慢性化脓性中耳炎44耳,其中合并肉芽组织形成33耳,仅有分泌物11耳.术后诊断为胆脂瘤中耳炎107耳,其中25耳合并肉芽组织;慢性化脓性中耳炎46耳,其中35耳合并肉芽组织,仅有分泌物11耳.HRCT诊断胆脂瘤中耳炎和慢性化脓性中耳炎的符合率为98.6%,对胆脂瘤、肉芽组织、分泌物诊断的约登指数分别为0.98、0.98、1.00.结论 HRCT轴位、冠状位MPR及MIP图像相结合对慢性化脓性中耳炎软组织诊断分型具有重要的价值,可常规应用于慢性化脓性中耳炎及胆脂瘤中耳炎的鉴别诊断,并制定相应手术计划.

Abstract：

Objective To evalute the efficacy of high-resolution CT(HRCT) in differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma otitis media by soft-tissue shadows. Methods HRCT scanning was performed in 120 cases, 153 ears, with chronic otitis suppurative media and cholesteatoma otitis media, of which original data were processed with multi-planar reconstructtion (MPR) and maximum intensity projection ( MIP) , the characteristics of the soft-tissue shadows' growth, window width or window leveling and bony destruction were respectively observed, as well as compared with the surgery findings. Results In 120 patients (133 ears), 109 ears were diagnosed as cholesteatoma otitis media, and 44 ears were diagnosed as chronic suppurative otitis media, among which 33 ears had granulation tissue and 11 ears had secretion. One hundred and seven ears were postoperatively diagnosed as cholesteatoma otitis media, among which 25 ears had granulation tissue. Among 46 ears of chronic suppurative otitis media, 35 ears had granulation tissue, and only 11 ears had secretion. A 98. 6% diagnostic accuracy can be reached with HRCT in diagnosing cholesteatoma otitis media and chronic suppurative otitis media. The Youden's index was 0. 98, 0. 98 and 1. 00 respectively with HRCT in diagnosing cholesteatoma, granulation tissue and secretion. Conclusions Combination of the three different imaging methods, axial images, coronal MPR images and MIP images, can improve the efficacy of the HRCT diagnosis and definite chronic otitis media, which can be routinely used for surgery plan.     

慢性化脓性中耳炎病原菌分析

目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎病原菌临床分布特征。方法纳入自2017年1月至2020年3月我院确诊并收治住院的304例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者为研究对象,对外耳道和鼓室的脓性分泌物进行药敏试验、细菌培养及真菌培养。结果304例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者中,288例患者培养出病原菌(344株),真菌60例(19.7%)、细菌172例(56.6%),细菌与真菌共存56例(18.4%);无菌生长16例(5.3%)。344株培养出的病原菌中,革兰氏阳性菌有158株(45.9%),以金黄色葡萄球菌为主;培育出的真菌116株(33.7%),主要为黄曲霉菌;培育出的革兰氏阴性菌70株(20.3%),其中铜绿假单胞杆菌居多。结论慢性化脓性中耳炎患者感染病原菌以金黄色葡萄球菌(革兰氏阳性菌)、黄曲霉菌(真菌)、铜绿假单胞杆菌(革兰氏阴性菌)多见,临床可以根据药敏结果针对性给与抗菌药物治疗,能有效提高疾病治愈率,临床值得推广。     

Immune status of patients with exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media and its correction

The authors report results of a clinical and immunological study involving 38 patients with exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media. It has demonstrated high immunological and clinical efficiency of combined treatment with derinate (an agent stimulating local immunity) and high molecular-weight polypeptide polyoxidonium. It is concluded that inclusion of these drugs in combined therapy of chronic suppurative otitis media increases its immunological and clinical effectiveness and allows duration of patients' hospitalization to be reduced.     

The investigation of bacteriology of chronic suppurative otitis media in patients attending a tertiary care hospital with special emphasis on seasonal variation

Background Chronic suppurative otitis media takes a lot of time in the hospital outdoors and a considerable amount of O.T. timings. Chronic suppurative otitis media may be either active chronic otitis media or a sequel of previous otitis media. Objective (a) To understand the bacteriology of Chronic suppurative otitis media (b) Their susceptibility patterns to commonly used antibiotics in this age of emerging resistance (c) the seasonal variation in the bacteriological pattern (d) For better empirical treatment of C.S.O.M where culture facilities are not available so that both intracranial and extra cranial complications can be avoided. Materials and Methods The secretions of 160 samples belonging to various age groups and of both sexes of clinically proven chronic suppurative otitis media with definitive exclusion and inclusion criteria were collected and cultured by aerobic and anaerobic methods. Drug sensitivity was done according to standard laboratory protocols. A month wise visit of the patients has been recorded to note any seasonal variations in the isolates. Results The most common aerobic organism is Pseudomonas Spp and most common anaerobes isolated being Bacteriodes species. Their susceptibility patterns and seasonal variations have been discussed. Conclusions It is observed that chronic suppurative otitis media affects mainly younger group of population, mostly (86.8%) below 40 years of age. Majority of them (31.9%) belonged to, 10–19 years of age. The most common isolate being Pseudomonas Spp. (64.4%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (33.8%). In the anaerobic group (1.8%) the Bacteriodes species is most prevalent. The most effective antibiotic in the aerobic isolates is Amikacin followed by Gentamicin and Cefotaxime where as for anaerobic isolates Cefoperazone sodium has better sensitivity. The isolation rates of both aerobic and anaerobic groups of organisms are more in the month of July to September, which is the monsoon season in this place. Isolation of Pseudomonas Spp. in Monsoon and post monsoon season may have been due to filling up of water bodies with rain water and infection with an omnipresent saprophytic organism like Pseudomonas Spp.     

耳部炎性疾病的细菌学及药物敏感性分析

目的了解慢性化脓性中耳炎及外耳道炎主要病原菌的分布及药物敏感性,用以指导临床用药。方法取238例慢性化脓性中耳炎及外耳道炎患者外耳道深部或鼓室内脓性分泌物,行细菌及霉菌培养和药物敏感试验。结果分离出病原菌206株,包括金黄色葡萄球菌 （34.95％）、耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（20.38％）、绿脓杆菌（7.28％）、真菌 （18.45％）。药物敏感性因菌种而异。结论慢性化脓性中耳炎及外耳道炎的病原菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌次之,真菌比例明显增高。不同病原菌对药物的敏感性及耐药性不同,对临床常用抗生素存在耐药性。对耳部炎性疾病应行分泌物培养及药物敏感试验,以便采取针对性治疗。     

中医辨证论治及中西医结合治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎

目的观察辨证论治及中西医结合治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎(单纯型)的临床疗效.方法慢性化脓性中耳炎(单纯型)患者160例,随机分为三组,中医治疗组(60例)接受中药汤剂口服;西医治疗组(35例)联合口服交沙霉素和增效联磺片(SMZ SD TMP);中西医结合治疗组(65例)联合服用以上中药和西药;中医治疗组仅以3%双氧水清洁耳腔,西医治疗组和中西医结合治疗组,以3%双氧水清洁耳腔后,再用0.3%氧氟沙星滴耳液进行耳浴.结果中西医结合治疗组、中医治疗组、西医治疗组治愈率分别为78.5%、45.0%、48.6%,中医治疗组和西医治疗组疗效差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05),中西医结合治疗组与中医治疗组、西医治疗组疗效差异有高度显著性意义(分别P=0.0001、P=0.002).结论中西医结合治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎(单纯型)疗效较佳.     

Panel discussion: Pathogenesis of otitis media. Current treatment of otitis media based on pathogenesis studies

Studies of pathogenesis of otitis media indicate clear cut categories including POM (acute purulent otitis media), SOM (serous otitis media), MOM (mucoid or secretory otitis media), COM (chronic suppurative otitis media) and sequellae with frequent overlap of types. One type of otitis media can lead to another type along a continuum. In this paper our concepts of treatment based on laboratory studies and clinical observation, both medical and surgical, are documented.     

老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者听力学分析

目的 探讨老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力学特点。方法 回顾性分析68例≥60岁单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的语频（0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0kHz）纯音测听结果、术中所见中耳病变组织特点和听骨链病变情况、病变组织病理检查结果。结果 语频范围内,患耳气导、除4kHz外的骨导阈值均高于对侧耳;胆脂瘤患者与非胆脂瘤患者的气、骨导阈无明显差异;听骨链完好者与破坏者（中断或固定）的气导、2kHz骨导阈值差异具有统计学意义,0.5、1.0、4.0kHz骨导阈值差异不显著。结论 老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力改变有其独特性,掌握老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力学特征有助于疾病的诊治。     

开放式鼓室成形术听力改善因素探讨

目的观察开放式鼓室成形术治疗伴有听骨残缺的慢性化脓性中耳炎的疗效.方法伴有听骨残缺的慢性化脓性中耳炎130耳,实施开放式鼓室成形术,以生物陶瓷人工听骨重建听骨链,常规充填乳突腔,重建外耳道后壁.结果术后随访6月～5年,鼓膜I期愈合115耳(89%),听力提高112耳(86%).均未发生人工听骨排出,外耳道形状良好.结论对于伴有听骨残缺的慢性化脓性中耳炎,开放式鼓室成形术疗效较优.     

慢性化脓性中耳炎的咽鼓管功能对手术疗效的影响

目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎咽鼓管功能改变对手术疗效的影响.方法分析40耳行鼓室成形术的慢性化脓性中耳炎的咽鼓管功能与手术疗效的关系.咽鼓管功能检查用正-负压试验、TTAG法及音响法,咽鼓管鼓室口及咽口的观察分别用鼓室镜及鼻窦镜,对比分析咽鼓管功能改变与病变部位的关系,并比较鼓室成形术后咽鼓管功能正常耳与异常耳的鼓膜生长及听力变化情况.结果慢性化脓性中耳炎的咽鼓管功能与鼓室口病变程度相关,鼓室口病变轻者,咽鼓管功能良好;而鼓室口病变重者咽鼓管功能不良.40耳鼓室成形术后咽鼓管功能良好耳鼓膜生长良好,咽鼓管功能不良耳鼓膜生长欠佳;两者均有统计学意义.结论慢性化脓性中耳炎咽鼓管功能与鼓室成形术效果关系密切,咽鼓管功能障碍可能是导致手术失败的重要因素之一.     

探讨健康教育护理路径干预在对慢性化脓性中耳炎患者睡眠质量和护理满意度的影响

目的分析健康教育护理路径干预在对慢性化脓性中耳炎患者睡眠质量和护理满意度的影响。方法此次研究对象为我院2019年4月~2020年4月期间收治的58例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者,以随机数字表法分对照组和观察组,每组29例,观察两组睡眠质量与护理满意度。与本研究,按照护理方法的差异将其分为对照组与观察组,每组39例,对两组护理前后的心理状态进行比较。结果护理后,观察组匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分低于对照组,且护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在慢性化脓性中耳炎患者中实施健康教育护理路径干预,可促进患者睡眠质量与护理满意度的提升。     

Facial nerve paralysis secondary to chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma.

Numerous papers have been written on facial nerve paralysis caused by chronic suppurative otitis media. However the authors found none documenting the results of therapy in a series of patients in whom facial nerve dysfunction was caused by chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma. Thus, there is little factual information available to help select a specific therapeutic plan for such cases. Over the past decade, the senior author has managed five cases (6 ears) of chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma in which facial paresis (4 ears) or paralysis (2 ears) developed 10 days or less before surgery. The chronic otitis media involved the mastoid and middle ear in five cases; and the mastoid, middle ear, and petrous apex in one case. Modified radical mastoidectomy was performed in four ears, tympanomastoidectomy with facial recess exposure in one ear, and complete mastoidectomy with middle cranial fossa petrous apicectomy in one ear. Five patients had complete recovery of facial nerve function (House grade I), and one patient had 90 percent recovery (House grade II). The results provide support for semi-emergent surgery in the management of chronic suppurative otitis media when facial nerve paralysis supervenes.     

Chronic suppurative otitis media in school going children

The morbidity and mortality associated with otitis media is really a challenge for the health care systems. This study is a small attempt to look into the magnitude of this problem in the society, where in school going children in Yavatmal city were studied. A total of 4104 students were studied. It was found that the overall prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media in Yavatmal city is 3%. The incidence of acute otitis media was found to be 1.3% Chronic suppurative otitis media was commoner in students belonging to low socioeconomic strata and its association with adenoid hypertrophy was statistically significant. The authors recommend that a few more such studies should be carried out in different parts of the country to collect vital data for the health care system managers. Suppurative otitis media, school children, Yavatmal city.     

咽鼓管功能障碍的慢性化脓性中耳炎治疗分析

目的探究咽鼓管功能障碍的慢性化脓性中耳炎治疗效果。方法2016年12月~2020年2月,从本院收治的咽鼓管功能障碍的慢性化脓性中耳炎患者中选择50例进行研究,回顾患者病例,以不同的治疗方案作为分组标准,将50例患者分为对照组、实验组,各25例。对照组只开展中耳乳突手术,实验组同期开展中耳乳突手术与咽鼓管球囊扩张术,对比两组听力改善效果、治疗效果、并发症发生率。结果实验组听力改善效果明显高于对照组,P<0.05;术后3个月、6个月实验组患者的EDTQ-7评分、听阈值均低于对照组,P<0.05;实验组并发症发生率低于对照组,P<0.05。结论在咽鼓管功能障碍的慢性化脓性中耳炎患者行中耳乳突手术时,同期开展咽鼓管球囊扩张术,既能改善患者的听力状态,又能提升治疗效果,减少并发症,值得推荐。