细粒棘球蚴早期感染对小鼠T细胞亚群的影响

目的观察细粒棘球蚴感染早期,小鼠体内脾细胞中T细胞亚群及相关细胞因子表达的改变。方法以细粒棘球蚴感染Balb/c小鼠后收集细胞用FCM检测Th1、Th2、Treg、Th9细胞;同时用qRT-PCR检测IL-9、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-4、PU.1和TGF-β的mRNA水平表达量;用ELISA检测血清中IL-9、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-4、TGF-β和IL-25的含量。结果 FCM检测原头蚴组不同时间点Th1、Th2、Treg、Th9细胞的比例,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);qRT-PCR检测IL-9、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-4、PU.1和TGF-β的mRNA水平表达量在感染后升高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);ELISA检测血清中IL-9、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-4、TGF-β和IL-25的含量在感染后升高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论原头蚴能刺激小鼠体内脾细胞向Th1、Th2、Treg、Th9细胞分化且上调相应细胞因子的分泌,且Th9与Th2、Treg之间呈正相关,提示这些亚群细胞可能在包虫病感染的免疫逃逸中发挥一定作用。     

大剂量过敏原诱导哮喘小鼠T细胞不反应性及机制研究

目的 探讨大剂量过敏原诱导哮喘小鼠T细胞不反应性及其机制.方法 采用不同浓度的过敏原在体外处理哮喘小鼠DC及T细胞,ELISA法检测DC分泌IL-10和TGF-β1以及T细胞Th1/Th2细胞因子的分泌,并分析其相关性.结果 ①在0～10 mg/mL范围内,哮喘小鼠DC分泌IL-10、TGF-β1水平随处理浓度增高而增高,正常小鼠DC各浓度处理组之间无显著差异.②在0～1 mg/mL范围内,Th2细胞因子的分泌随处理浓度增高而增高,但在10 mg/mL的OVA作用的下,IL-4、IL-5等细胞因子的分泌水平则较其他组明显降低(P＜0.05).IL-2和IFN-γ的分泌也受到明显抑制(P＜0.05).而对正常小鼠T细胞,OVA质量浓度的变化对其Th1/Th2细胞因子的分泌无影响.③Th1/Th2细胞因子水平与DC分泌的IL-10和TGF-β1水平无明显相关性.结论 大剂量过敏原(10 mg/mL的OVA)可诱导哮喘小鼠T细胞不反应性,但与DC分泌IL-10和TGF-β1水平无明显关系.     

阿胶、黄明胶对被动吸烟小鼠肺脏Th17/Treg细胞亚群分化及相关细胞因子表达的影响差异

目的:探讨阿胶、黄明胶对被动吸烟小鼠肺脏Th17/Treg细胞亚群分化的影响及对肺脏的保护作用。方法:利用香烟烟雾暴露法建立小鼠被动吸烟模型,阿胶组和黄明胶组小鼠在烟熏同时分别给予阿胶和黄明胶干预。造模24周后,制作小鼠肺脏HE染色切片观察病理变化,利用流式细胞术检测肺脏Th17、Treg细胞亚群比例,利用ELISA试剂盒检测血清IL-6、IL-17A因子表达,利用RT-PCR法检测肺组织中RORγt、Foxp3因子转录水平。结果:模型组小鼠肺间质有大量炎性细胞浸润伴有肺实质损伤,肺脏Th17细胞亚群比例及RORγt因子转录水平显著升高(P均0. 05),Treg细胞亚群比例及Foxp3因子转录水平显著升高(P均0. 05),IL-17A、IL-6及TGF-β因子表达均显著升高(P均0. 05);阿胶组和黄明胶组炎性细胞浸润程度降低,肺实质损伤明显改善,阿胶组Th17亚群比例显著降低(P0. 05),Treg亚群比例及Foxp3因子转录水平均显著降低(P均0. 05),IL-17A、IL-6、TGF-β及RORγt因子转录水平均显著降低(P均0. 05);黄明胶组Th17亚群比例及RORγt、IL-17A及IL-6因子表达均无显著变化(P0. 05),Treg亚群细胞比例及Foxp3因子转录水平升高但差异无显著性(P0. 05)。结论:长期低剂量的香烟暴露会导致肺脏Th17细胞介导的炎症反应,阿胶通过下调Th17应答减轻肺脏局部炎症,且对肺脏的保护作用较黄明胶更为显著,黄明胶未表现出对Th17、Treg细胞亚群分化及相关细胞因子表达的显著影响,其抗炎机制有待进一步研究。     

NF-κB寡核苷酸对CIA大鼠Th17/Treg平衡及细胞因子表达影响的研究

为探讨NF-κB寡核苷酸(oligodeoxynucleotide,ODN)对CIA大鼠Th17/Treg平衡及细胞因子表达的影响,建立Ⅱ型胶原诱导大鼠关节炎模型,将NF-κB ODN注射到大鼠右后踝关节腔内,并设对照组、模型组和实验组。42d后用流式细胞仪检测各组大鼠脾脏Th17、Treg百分率、凋亡率;qRT-PCR检测IL-17、TGF-β和IL-6mRNA表达;用ELISA检测血清和关节液IL-17、TGF-β、IL-6含量。结果显示实验组大鼠脾脏Th17占CD4~+T细胞比例及IL-17和IL-6mRNA表达、血清和关节液中IL-17和IL-6的水平均低于模型组,差别有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组大鼠脾脏Th17凋亡百分率低于模型组,差别有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组大鼠脾脏Treg占CD4~+T细胞比例及TGF-βmRNA表达、血清和关节液中TGF-β的水平均高于模型组,差别有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组大鼠脾脏Treg凋亡百分率与模型组相比明显降低,差别有统计学意义(P0.05)。由此可知,NF-κB ODN调节CD4~+T细胞Th17、Treg之间细胞平衡及相关细胞因子的分泌,对CIA有较好的治疗作用。     

β2 GP1诱导的EAPS小鼠Treg/Th17细胞比率变化的研究

目的:观察EAPS疾病进展过程中小鼠外周血Th17细胞与CD4+CD25+调节性T(Treg)细胞的比率变化。方法:以重组人β2糖蛋白1(rhβ2GP1)主动免疫BALB/c小鼠建立EAPS模型,免疫12周后检测外周血浆抗β2糖蛋白1抗体(anti-β2GP1)、抗心磷脂抗体(a CA)、IL-17、IL-2、IL-6、TGF-β、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)和血小板计数(PLT)及流产率。流式细胞术(FCM)检测小鼠PBMC中CD4+CD25+Treg及Th17细胞的比率。结果:与对照组相比,模型小鼠anti-β2GP1、a CA、IL-17、IL-2、IL-6水平明显升高,APTT延长,TGF-β降低,PLT升高,流产率提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PBMC中CD4+CD25+Treg细胞频率8周前与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),12周后逐渐减少,明显低于对照组(P<0.05);Th17细胞频率逐渐升高,明显高于对照组(P<0.05);CD4+CD25+Treg/Th17比值明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:EAPS小鼠外周血Th17/Treg细胞比率失衡可能在EAPS的发生发展中起重要作用。     

补肾益气方调控TGF-β1对反复自然流产患者外周血Treg/Th17细胞平衡的影响

为探讨补肾益气方通过调控TGF-β1对反复自然流产(recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA)患者外周血Treg和Th17细胞平衡的影响,选取了15例RSA患者,孕42d起诊断为正常宫内妊娠后服中药,在服药前以及服药一个月后以流式细胞术检测Treg和Th17细胞数量,ELISA方法检测外周血TGF-β1及IL-10、IL-17水平。结果显示,中药治疗后RSA患者外周血Treg数量上升至(5.94±1.37)%,明显高于服药前(3.45±0.93)%(P0.05)。Th17细胞数量下降至(1.12±0.32)%,低于治疗前(2.61±0.70)%。中药治疗后,Treg/Th17细胞比值上升,从1.43±0.66升高至5.64±1.84%(P0.05)。Treg相关细胞因子IL-10水平从(17.90±4.18)pg/ml上升至(28.80±7.18)pg/ml,Th17细胞相关细胞因子IL-17则从(45.83±4.15)pg/ml下降至(31.21±5.62)pg/ml,同时发现中药治疗后血TGF-β1水平从(192.73±13.97)pg/ml上升为(334.07±61.53)pg/ml(P0.05),TGF-β1/IL-17比值从4.23±0.43提高至11.20±3.56,IL-10/IL-17比值从0.39±0.09上升至0.94±0.28(P0.05),差异有统计学意义。以上结果表明补肾益气方能够调控Treg/Th17细胞平衡,改变母体细胞因子分泌状态,保护胎儿不被排斥,其机制可能与母体TGF-β1水平上调有关。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血Th17细胞/调节性T细胞比值变化的意义

目的测定慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Treg)和CD4+IL-17+T细胞(Th17细胞)频率及其相关细胞因子的变化,并探讨Th17/Treg平衡在CHB发病过程中的作用。方法选取CHB住院患者(CHB组)60例,其中35例轻中度CHB患者(CHB-LM),25例慢性重型肝炎患者(CSHB),同时选取21位健康体检者作为正常对照组(HC)。流式细胞术检测外周血中Th17和Treg的细胞频数,双抗体夹心ELISA检测血清中IL-17、IL-23、IL-10及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的表达水平。结果与HC组相比,CHB患者外周血Th17细胞频率及其相关细胞因子IL-17、IL-23浓度明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Treg频率及其相关细胞因子IL-10及TGF-β1浓度明显增高。Th17/Treg比值变化显示,与HC组相比,在CHB组中该比例明显升高,具有显著性差异,且与CHSB组相比,在CHB-LM组中该比值明显降低。结论 Th17细胞/Treg的失衡是造成慢性乙型肝炎病程演变的重要因素,检测Th17细胞/Treg比值变化对疾病发展的早期预测有一定价值。     

调节性T细胞与Th17细胞相关因子在实验性自身免疫性肌炎小鼠淋巴结中的表达及意义

目的研究调节性T细胞(Treg)、Th17细胞的相关细胞因子在实验性自身免疫性肌炎小鼠淋巴结中表达的作用及意义。方法雌性BALB/c小鼠12只,随机分为正常对照组和模型组,模型组采用肌球蛋白诱导实验性自身免疫性肌炎(EAM)。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测各组小鼠淋巴结中与Treg和Th17细胞分化及功能相关的细胞因子Foxp3、IL-10、TGF-β、RORγt、IL-6、IL-17、IL-23的mRNA表达。结果与正常小鼠相比,肌炎组小鼠淋巴结中Treg的转录因子Foxp3表达降低,相关的细胞因子IL-10、TGF-βmRNA表达水平增高;Th17的转录因子RORγt及相关的细胞因子IL-6、IL-17、IL-23 mRNA表达有不同程度的升高(P0.05)。结论实验性自身免疫性肌炎中Treg表达降低,而Th17及其相关因子表达升高,提示Treg和Th17之间的失衡在肌炎发病机制中起一定作用。     

T细胞疫苗对CIA的免疫调节作用

目的探讨T细胞疫苗(TCV)对小鼠胶原诱导性关节炎(CIA)的免疫调节作用。方法通过TCV干预CIA模型,观察小鼠发病情况,运用免疫组化技术观察局部关节病变程度;FACs分析T细胞亚群变化;ELISA检测细胞培养上清中TGF-β、IFN-γ、IL-17水平;定量PCR方法检测Treg、Th1、Th17细胞相关转录因子表达水平。结果经过TCV干预,小鼠自身反应性T细胞的增殖能力被显著抑制,CII抗体水平也显著下降;相较CIA组,TCV组Treg细胞百分比上升,Th1、Th17细胞百分比明显降低;各细胞分泌细胞因子的能力也发生相应的变化,其中TGF-β上升,IFN-γ、IL-17降低;Treg细胞转录因子Foxp3基因水平提高,Th1、Th17细胞转录因子T-bet、RORα及RORγt的mRNA水平降低。结论 TCV干预可通过抑制CIA小鼠自身反应性T细胞增殖,上调小鼠体内Treg细胞并抑制Th1、Th17细胞的表达而发挥免疫调节作用,有效降低小鼠发病严重度和关节炎症。     

Th17细胞和调节性T细胞失衡参与实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的发病

目的探讨Th17细胞和调节性T细胞(Treg)失衡在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病过程中的作用。方法建立EAE小鼠模型,在EAE发病的不同时期运用流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏Treg比例变化,用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分别检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞Foxp3、视黄酸相关的孤儿受体γt(RoR-γt)以及脑组织IL-17 mRNA表达,ELISA检测小鼠外周血IL-6、转化生长因子β(TGF-β)及IL-17A含量变化。结果与佐剂对照组比较,CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg比例和Foxp3 mRNA的表达,在EAE发病初期及高峰期明显下降,而在慢性期明显升高(P0.05);RoR-γt mRNA表达量在发病初期与佐剂对照组比较显著增加(P0.05),而高峰期及慢性期与佐剂对照组比较则无显著差异(P0.05)。EAE组小鼠外周血中TGF-β、IL-6浓度在发病初期和高峰期明显升高(P0.05);随病情发展,IL-6浓度逐渐降低,在发病慢性期与佐剂对照组比较无明显差异(P0.05),而TGF-β浓度在发病慢性期仍较高,与佐剂对照组比较明显升高(P0.05)。EAE组小鼠外周血中IL-17A含量在EAE不同时期均有明显升高,且高峰期升高最明显(P0.05)。结论 Th17细胞/Treg失衡参与了EAE发病过程。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.