云南那邦口岸中缅双边肠道寄生虫感染现状调查

目的了解云南那邦口岸中缅双边肠道寄生虫感染现状。方法采用整群随机抽样方法抽取中国那邦口岸和缅甸拉咱市边境自然村,收集调查点内居住一年以上边民的新鲜粪便,碘液直接涂片镜检法镜检一次。结果调查中国边民286人,检出蠕虫2种和原虫8种,肠道寄生虫感染率为19.23%,其中蠕虫感染率为10.49%,原虫感染率为9.79%;调查缅甸边民617人,检出蠕虫5种和原虫9种,肠道寄生虫感染率为37.12%,其中蠕虫感染率为9.56%,原虫感染率为29.50%。结论与中国边民相比,缅甸边民蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫流行严重,感染率为18.80%,是中国边民的10.81倍,其他肠道寄生虫感染率中缅双边差异无统计学意义,那邦口岸应加强缅甸边民的蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫监测。     

南平市人体重点寄生虫病感染状况调查分析

目的了解南平市人体重点寄生虫感染状况,为防治提供科学依据。方法 2015年按第三次《全国人体重点寄虫病现状调查方案》要求,南平市以整群分层随机抽样法抽取调查点,用改良加藤厚涂片法检测肠道蠕虫卵;生理盐水涂片法和碘液涂片法检查肠道原虫滋养体或包囊;透明胶纸肛拭法检查3～6岁儿童蛲虫卵;试管滤纸培养法分离并鉴定钩虫虫种。结果共检测2 847人,肠道蠕虫感染率2.70%,钩虫感染率2.32%,均为美洲钩虫;各蠕虫卵感染度以轻度为主(64.9%);人体肠道原虫感染率0.45%。农村、镇区、城区点肠道蠕虫感染率分别为3.69%(57/1 543)、2.68%(17/634)和0.45%(3/670),农村片区感染率最高;政和县与武夷山市的肠道蠕虫感染分别为3.11%和4.27%;感染者主要是≥30岁人群(94.8%),以≥70岁组感染率最高(5.84%);职业以农民为主(57.0%),其感染率最高(4.37%);文化程度以文盲感染率最高(3.46%)。结论南平市人体重点寄生虫感染以钩虫为主,感染率处于较低水平,但感染因素仍存在,需持续采取科学有效的措施以巩固防治成果。     

四川省宁南县彝族地区人群感染寄生虫现况调查

目的　了解川西南彝族地区人群感染寄生虫状况及虫种感染频度。方法　①整群随机等比例抽样法 ;②kato-katz法检查肠道蠕虫卵 ;③透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵 ;④试管滤纸培养法鉴定钩虫幼虫及其它线虫幼虫 ;⑤碘液直接涂片法检查肠道原虫包囊 ;⑥生理盐水直接涂片法检查肠道原虫滋养体 ;⑦ELISA检查囊虫及旋毛虫。结果　受检15 2 5人 ,最大年龄 89岁 ,最小年龄 6月 ,阳性人数 13 5 6人 ,人群寄生虫总感染率为 88 92 % ,检获寄生虫 12种 ,其中原虫 7种 ,线虫 5种。人群感染 1～ 6种虫体频度。不同性别感染率差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,各年龄均有感染 ,不同年龄组感染差异具有显著性 ,以 2 0～ 2 9岁青壮年为高。结论　该县人群寄生虫感染率高似与生活习惯、经济、文化、受教育程度、卫生意识、饮用水源、职业、年龄、施肥种类密切相关。     

2002年高密市农村人群肠道寄生虫感染状况调查

[目的]了解高密市农村人群肠道寄生虫感染状况。[方法]2002 年在全市采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取2处乡镇4个自然村的居民,采用直接涂片法和肛贴法查肠道寄生虫卵。[结果]调查1 324 人,检出肠道寄生虫感染者171人次,感染率为12 9%。其中,鞭虫、钩虫、蛔虫、阿米巴、兰贾虫的感染率分别为4 8%、3 2%、1 2%、0 7%、0 4%,208名12岁以下儿童蛲虫感染率为17 3%。[结论]高密市农村人群肠道寄生虫感染率较低,但蛲虫感染率仍较高。     

周口市人体肠道寄生虫病感染现状调查

目的：掌握豫东平原周口市人群肠道寄生虫感染现状。方法：按照《全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查》实施细则规定方法和要求，选择3县9个调查点。结果：调查4539人，肠道寄生虫总感染率19．06％（865／4539）；其中蠕虫感染率9．63％（437／4539），原虫感染率9．43％（428／4539）。查出肠道寄生虫15种，蠕虫7种，原虫8种。结论：该市人群寄生虫感染已经大幅度下降，但不同地区感染情况仍有较大差异，低年龄组仍是受寄生虫感染的高危人群。     

云南省农村人群肠道蠕虫感染现状调查

[目的]了解云南省现阶段农村人群肠道蠕虫的感染情况,为制定肠道蠕虫感染的防治策略提供依据.[方法]采用现况调查,对10个县的10个自然村的居民,使用统一调查表进行个人卫生习惯、寄生虫感染等情况的调查. [结果]共调查971名居民,查出7种肠道寄生虫感染.总感染率为42.95%,其中钩虫、蛔虫、绦虫、鞭虫、蛲虫、肠吸虫、肺吸虫感染率分别为23.69%、19.88%、2.99%、2.99%、1.85%、0.62%、0.10%;不同地区、民族、年龄人群各虫种感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). [结论]该省农村人群肠道寄生虫病流行程度有所下降,仍需对不同地区农村人群采取有针对性的预防控制措施.     

新昌县1998年人体寄生虫感染情况调查

我们于 1998年 12月进行了寄生虫感染情况抽样调查。根据不同方位和经济类型 ,用分层随机抽样方法 ,选择 3个调查点 ,即经济状况上等的大市聚镇官家岭村 ;经济状况中等的大明市镇下五峰村 ;经济状况下等的新林乡竹岸村。现将调查结果报告如下。调查方法按照《浙江省人体寄生虫分布调查实施细则》规定 ,用碘液直接涂片法检查肠道原虫包裹 ,改良加藤氏厚涂片法检查肠道蠕虫卵 ;试管滤纸培养法确定钩虫虫种 ;透明胶纸肛周试擦法检查 14周岁以下儿童蛲虫感染情况。结　　果1　共调查 16 49人 ,受检率为 91 87%。查出寄生虫感染者430人 ,总感染率…     

天津市某地区农村肠道寄生虫病流行情况调查

目的了解天津市某地区农村人体肠道寄生虫病流行现状。方法选取3个村作为调查点,调查当地基本情况并对调查点300名常住居民采用改良加藤厚涂片法和碘液涂片法分别检查肠道蠕虫和原虫感染情况,儿童采用肛拭法检测蛲虫卵。结果肠道寄生虫总感染率为2.7%,共检出蛔虫和带绦虫两种肠道寄生虫。通过单因素分析,不同年龄段中,≤10岁年龄组感染率最高,为5.8%;不同职业中,学龄前儿童组感染率最高,为7.7%;不同文化程度中,文盲组感染率最高,为8.0%。经χ~2检验,各组内差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该地区农村人体肠道寄生虫总感染率较低,应继续加强寄生虫病的防治与监测工作。     

西平县人体重点寄生虫病感染情况调查

目的为了解我县人群中人体体重点寄生虫病感染状况,为科学防治提供依据。方法根据高、中、低经济水平将各镇划分3个单元,随机抽取3个被调查单位,采用改良加藤厚涂片法(Kato-Katz法)检查土源性线虫、带绦虫等蠕虫虫卵并计数,透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫病,碘液涂片法和生理盐水涂片法检查肠道原虫。结果人体重点肠道寄生虫总感染率为1.06%(8/756);人体肠道寄生虫5种,其中包括蛔虫、鞭虫、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、哈氏内阿米巴、人芽囊原虫等,未发现其它寄生虫及混合感染者;土源性线虫感染为0.40%(3/756);原虫感染率为0.66%(5/756)。结论西平县人体重点寄生虫感染率处于较低水平,但仍应预防为主,防治结合的方针,大力开展爱国卫生运动,加强饮食与饮水管理,广泛开展健康教育活动,普及卫生防病知识,提高群众的自我保健意识及能力,进一步降低感染率,保护群众身体健康。     

永德县农村居民肠道寄生虫感染调查分析

目的 为了解和掌握永德县农村居民肠道寄生虫感染现状,为制定肠道寄生虫防治措施提供依据.方法 抽取文化、交通、生活、卫生习惯等条件为好、中、差的3个乡镇,即对永康、德党、乌木龙3个乡(镇)18个自然村的>2岁的农村居民进行整群抽样调查,调查其肠道寄生虫感染情况.结果 共调查3个乡(镇)农村居民1488人,肠道寄生虫感染阳性1254人,总感染率为84.27%;发现12种肠道寄生虫(蠕虫5种,原虫7种).蠕虫、原虫感染率分别为75.00%和16.87%;蛔虫、钩虫感染率分别为66.94%、41.94%;蛲虫阳性率为15.81%(52/329).最多的有1人同时感染6种寄生虫.不同地区的总感染率、蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);总感染率以及蛔虫、钩虫的感染率在佤族、彝族、汉族、傣族人群间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);2～6.7-16、≥17岁3个年龄组人群的总感染率及蛔虫、钩虫的感染率比较.差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01).结论 永德县肠道寄生虫病主要流行于文化和生活落后、卫生条件和卫生习惯较差的地区.应积极开展健康教育,广泛宣传寄生虫病防治知识,提高农村居民的文化素质、改变不良卫生习惯,积极开展群众性驱虫工作,切断传染源,把肠道寄生虫感染率降到最低水平.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.