上海市闵行区1993-2013年狂犬病防治成果

目的 通过描述上海市闵行区1993-2013年狂犬病预防和控制工作成果和状况,为进一步规范狂犬病的防治工作提供参考.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,对闵行区近20年狂犬病监测的数据和犬类管理资料、疑似狂犬伤人事件的资料进行分析.结果 上海市闵行区1993-2013年共报告6例人狂犬病病例(2例内源性,4例外源性),病死率100％,年平均发病率为0.22/100万.共发生55起疑似狂犬伤人事件,有51只犬头送检,送检率92.73％,其中16只阳性,阳性率31.37％.闵行区居民豢养犬办证数逐年上升,城镇增长幅度大于农村,经过SPSS 18.0曲线拟合,城镇办证犬数呈现指数增长趋势(F =191.42,P＜0.001),农村办证犬数增长不明显(F=0.45,P=0.512).共对175 863例狂犬病宿主动物伤人事件进行狂犬病暴露后处置,其中有证犬伤人占犬伤数20.44％.按照暴露分级显示Ⅲ级暴露占暴露总数的32.68％,平均狂犬病被动免疫制剂接种率为30.15％,2003年后有逐年下降趋势(R2=0.768,P＜0.001).结论 目前在新形势下狂犬病防控工作还面临着很多挑战,因此,加强狂犬病防控力度刻不容缓.     

Laboratory diagnosis and incidence of diphtheria inMosul Province, Iraq

In about six months, 100 cases were tentatively diagnosed as diphtheria by a senior medical technologist using direct smears. Of these, 64 cases were said to be diphtheria in the hand of an experienced bacteriologist employing the same method. In using culture and in vitro toxin production procedures 56 and 46 of the isolates respectively were shown to be C. diphtheriae. Such an incidence in a relatively short period and in one diagnostic centre in Mosul city indicates that diphtheria is prevalent in Iraq. More cases (56·5%) were encountered in the rural than in the urban (43·4%) region due to the shortage of vaccination among the former group. More cases (75%) occurred among children (10 months–14 years) than in adolescents and adults (15–55 years) who may have had subclinical infections. The overall data showed no significant difference in incidence between males and females.     

Analysis of the incidence of tularemia in the Breclav District 1994-1999

Southern Moravia is one of the areas where there are long-term natural foci of tularaemia. In 1994 in the Breclav district an exacerbation of the disease was recorded in hares. During autumn hunts a positive reaction was recorded in 5.75% of examined hares. An elevated seropositivity persisted also in subsequent years and at the same time a higher human morbidity in the mentioned region. The objective of the investigation was to assess the causes and circumstances which led to the exacerbation of old known but in recent years quiescent foci in the mentioned region. To this end 350 small terrestrial mammals were examined. In one case it proved possible to detect the causal agent in Microtus arvalis. By examination of arthropods it proved possible to isolate 33 strains, i.e. 32 strains from ticks Dermacentor reticulatus and one strain from Ixodes ricinus. The results of the examination revealed that tularaemia as a classical infection with a natural focus may persist in areas where there are prerequisites for survival of the causal agent in the environment. One of the important factors of the environment are susceptible individuals (hares, small terrestrial mammals) as well as blood sucking arthropods as vectors of the disease.     

上海市闸北区1956—2011年尘肺发病情况分析

[目的] 了解上海市闸北区尘肺发病情况,为制定尘肺病防治策略提供依据。[方法] 回顾性分析闸北区1956-2011年已诊断的尘肺病例发病资料。[结果] 1956年以来全区共发生各类尘肺病418例,主要为Ⅰ期,合并结核率为13.40%。男性为主（92.58%）,平均年龄52.26岁,专业工龄21.05年。病种以矽肺为主（60.00%）,其次为铸工尘肺（25.84%）。开始接尘年代不同,发生的尘肺种类有所变化,20世纪80年代前接尘发生的尘肺种类主要是矽肺、铸工尘肺,20世纪80年代后主要为电焊工尘肺和矽肺。2000年后出现较多的电焊工尘肺,并超过矽肺位居首位。不同年代尘肺发病年龄、专业工龄差别明显,不同类型尘肺的发病年龄、专业工龄亦不尽相同。[结论] 应加强粉尘作业的防护,提高作业人员的防护意识,降低尘肺发病率。