聚-DL-乳酸可吸收医用生物膜修复硬腭裂隙的临床观察

目的 :修复硬腭裂隙 ,观察由聚 DL 乳酸 (PDLLA)制成的可吸收医用膜植入硬腭裂隙后的局部变化及临床效果 ,为进一步的临床应用提供依据。方法 :选择 2 .67～ 12 .83岁的腭裂患者 3 2例 ,于软腭及悬雍垂裂修复同期剖开硬腭裂隙、植入可吸收医用膜并予以固定 ,术后定期随访 ,了解手术时间、术后并发症、可吸收医用膜色泽、质地的变化、局部组织生长及创口愈合情况。结果 :所有手术均顺利完成 ,术后患者软腭及悬雍垂创口愈合良好 ,无穿孔与裂开 ;硬腭部植膜区创口周围组织沿医用膜向中心生长 ,创口逐步缩小 ,术后 12周完全由新生软组织关闭。追踪观察 6个月 ,局部组织较为平滑 ,与周围正常组织色泽基本相同 ,形态相近。结论 :可吸收医用膜用于硬腭裂隙修复 ,手术操作简单、实用、可行 ,临床效果肯定 ,可选择性推广应用。     

基于可吸收生物膜的软腭后退腭裂修复方案及其临床应用

目的:为解决常规腭裂修复术存在的问题,利用组织引导再生技术的原理,设计基于膜引导的腭裂整复方案,为需要后退软腭的腭裂修复提供新的途径或方法。方法:使用聚-DL-乳酸制成厚0.5mm、有一定强度与韧性的可吸收生物膜。先行软腭成形术,然后剖开硬腭裂隙边缘,于口腔侧骨膜瓣与腭骨水平板间形成一间隙,将膜植于其中并固定,利用膜的引导再生特性与桥梁支架作用,引导两侧软组织向中线生长而关闭裂隙。选择3-10岁需行软腭后退的腭裂患者19例,于全麻下行软腭后退成形术及硬腭裂隙植膜的临床试验,临床追踪观察6个月,了解腭裂修复的临床效果。结果:该腭裂修复方案切实可行,全部患者均按设计方案实施了腭裂修复术,方法简单,操作容易。3个月后19例患者均获临床一期愈合,6个月时临床观察软腭形态佳,腭咽闭合良好,达到腭裂硬腭软组织缺损修复、保证软腭充分后退的目的。结论:基于膜引导组织再生技术的后退软腭的腭裂修复方案,是一个创新的腭裂修复方案,手术操作简单、实用,临床效果满意,为腭裂修复提供了新的途径及方法。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿唇裂修复同期硬腭裂隙封闭的临床观察

目的　探讨单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿时唇裂修复同期硬腭裂隙封闭的可行性及临床效果。方法　47例年龄为3·0~7·5月龄的单侧唇腭裂患儿在唇裂修复同期行硬腭裂隙封闭,分析手术时间、术中出血、术后恢复、创口愈合及腭部裂隙变化情况。结果　所有患儿的手术均顺利完成。手术时间与单纯唇裂修复术相比平均延长13 min , 术中出血平均增加5 ml,术后恢复好,无创口感染及裂开。至患儿9~18月龄二期手术时腭部裂隙比行单纯唇裂修复术平均小0·28 cm,使二期手术时软腭后退充分,腭咽闭合良好。结论　单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿唇裂修复同期行硬腭裂隙封闭是安全和可行的。     

腭裂术后复裂、穿孔72例手术治疗

目的:探讨腭裂术后复裂、穿孔的手术修复方法。方法:对13例患者行直接剖开缝合;20例患者行两侧松弛切口,剖开裂隙缝合;19例患者施行转瓣手术;20例患者接受了两瓣法腭裂修复术。结果:随访4～6周后,除3例患者于原位出现复裂,其余伤口均愈合良好。结论:除腭垂部及部分软腭部小的穿孔外,多不主张直接缝合,尤其是硬腭部的穿孔多用转瓣及两瓣腭裂修复术,无张力及充分的组织瓣覆盖是保证手术成功的必要条件。     

腭部术后裂和穿孔的再次手术治疗

<正>腭部术后并发裂隙和穿孔需二次手术修复,难度大于第一次手术,我们治疗了15例,报告如下。1临床资料 1990～2000年共收治腭部术后复裂或穿孔病人15例,年龄2.5～32岁,平均10.2岁。穿孔原因分别为:腭裂修复术后穿孔13例;腭咽闭合不全（无腭裂）行咽后壁瓣手术后并发裂隙1例;咽后部较大肿瘤,行软腭切开进路去除肿瘤,再缝合软腭继发裂隙1例。穿孔部位:腭粘骨膜瓣前端瓣交错缝合处穿孔5例,悬雍垂裂3例,软硬腭交界处2例,硬腭瓣部分坏死2例,松弛切口处未闭合2例,软腭穿孔1例。瘘孔最小的直径0.6cm,最大的约1cm×3.5cm。     

口腔组织补片在宽裂隙腭裂修复中的应用

目的：探讨口腔组织补片（脱细胞异体真皮基质）在宽裂隙腭裂修复中的应用价值。方法：选择20例宽裂隙先天性腭裂患者，术中采用口腔组织补片覆盖软、硬腭交界处创面和硬腭前部及双侧裸露的创面，对术后并发症、创面黏膜化情况、软腭运动度及腭咽闭合情况进行观察。结果：20例患者的口腔组织补片完全成活，无并发症出现。术后随诊3个月～1a，创面完全黏膜化，无明显瘢痕挛缩，腭咽闭合良好，软腭运动度好。结论：口腔组织补片用于腭裂修复，手术操作简单可行，临床效果肯定。     

华西Sommerlad-Furlow腭裂修复术后腭瘘率的研究

目的 探索华西Sommerlad-Furlow （SF）腭裂修复术后的腭瘘发生率及影响因素。方法 随访四川大学华西口腔医院唇腭裂外科2017年4—12月的385例一期腭裂病例,观察华西SF腭裂修复术后的腭瘘率,并分析可能影响伤口愈合的因素,包括性别、体重、手术年龄、裂隙类型、手术医生资历、术前白细胞计数、术前是否预防性使用抗生素、术后体温。结果 采用华西SF腭裂修复术的总瘘孔率为3.9%（15/385）;在15例腭瘘患者中,1例瘘孔位于牙槽近硬腭,12例位于硬腭,2例位于硬软腭交界。腭瘘的发生与性别、体重、手术年龄、术前是否预防性使用抗生素、术前白细胞计数、术后体温均无关（P>0.05）。在手术医生资历这一影响因素中,正高级职称（3.03%）与副高级职称（2.23%）的瘘孔率之间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但中级职称的瘘孔率为14.29%,明显高于正高级职称和副高级职称（P<0.05）。双侧完全性腭裂的瘘孔率（20.6%）大于单侧完全性腭裂（3.6%）及硬软腭裂（2.6%）（P<0.05）。结论 华西SF腭裂修复术不做松弛切口,可避免上颌骨的生长抑制,同时并未增加腭裂术后的瘘孔率,其瘘孔发生率与患儿性别、体重、手术年龄、术前是否预防性使用抗生素、术前感染、术后体温等因素关联不大,与术者的年资和腭裂的不同类型有一定相关性。     

三度腭裂一次手术修复中关闭硬腭前裂隙的改进

<正> 三度腭裂的修复是腭裂修复中较复杂的一种手术。它既要关闭全部裂隙,又要将软腭后退延伸和缩小咽腔,便于腭咽闭合,改善发音功能。这样就大大增加手术难度,并出现顾前难以顾后的矛盾(即要很好关闭硬腭前裂隙就可能影响软腭后退延伸),也就可能在手术后出现硬腭前裂隙术后穿孔的并发症。     

双颊肌黏膜瓣修复大龄宽大腭裂患者的远期效果评价

目的对采用双颊肌黏膜瓣修复的大龄宽大腭裂患者的语音效果和上颌骨发育情况进行分析,评价手术的远期效果。方法选择12例大龄宽大腭裂患者为试验组,采用软腭后退双颊肌黏膜瓣修复;同期选择20例腭裂患者为传统手术组,采用常规双瓣法加软腭肌功能修整术进行整复;另外选择30例非唇腭裂患者作为对照组。应用专业语音和临床语音评价方法比较腭裂患者术前和术后5年的语音效果;拍摄头颅定位侧位片,应用头影测量方法评价患者术前和术后5年的上颌骨发育情况;并将2组腭裂患者术后5年的语音和上颌骨发育情况与对照组进行比较。结果试验组患者术后伤口均达到一期愈合;随访5年,张口度正常,硬软腭部无继发穿孔,原手术区域组织松软,组织瓣较腭部组织色泽红润。试验组术后语音效果优于术前,也优于传统手术组（P<0.05）;术后上颌骨发育情况优于传统手术组（P<0.05）,但与对照组相比无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论采用软腭后退双颊肌黏膜瓣法修复大龄宽大腭裂患者,术后语音改善效果较好,对上颌骨发育的影响较小,是一种较好的手术方式。     

腭裂松弛切口不同处理方法的比较

目的:比较腭裂修复手术松弛切口填塞可吸收性止血纱布和填塞碘仿纱条对患者术后的影响。方法:选择90例腭裂手术病例,术中填塞可吸收性止血纱布组50例,填塞碘仿纱条组40例,临床对比观察两组患者术后的体温变化、出血多少、创口愈合情况、饮食及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:填塞可吸收性止血纱布组术后体温升高发生率明显低于填塞碘仿纱条组(P<0.01);且创口愈合时间早于后组,恢复正常饮食时间较后组早,术后出血少。结论:腭裂松弛切口填塞可吸收性止血纱布比填塞碘仿纱条更有利于患者术后的康复。     

腭裂伤口延迟愈合规律的初期研究

目的研究腭裂术后伤口延迟愈合的变化规律。 方法2017年4月至2019年12月在四川大学华西口腔医院唇腭裂外科行一期腭裂整复术,并且术后发生伤口延迟愈合的患者150例,分析腭裂伤口在延迟愈合的情况下,术后6个月内延迟愈合的变化规律及其影响因素。 结果当伤口延迟愈合的部位分别发生在硬腭、硬软腭交界和软腭时,其最终形成的腭瘘分别占各部位延迟愈合总病例数的38.1%、9.8%和6.7%,差异有统计学意义（χ² = 52.962,P<0.001）。当伤口延迟愈合的伤口面积分别为≤0.5 cm²、>0.5~≤1.0 cm²、>1.0~≤1.5 cm²和>1.5 cm²时,其最终形成的腭瘘分别占各伤口面积总病例数的5.6%、14.8%、35.8%和44.9%,差异有统计学意义（χ² = 28.068,P<0.001）。其余相关影响因素如年龄、性别、腭裂类型等,差异均无统计学意义。 结论腭裂术后出现延迟愈合的伤口,其最终是否形成腭瘘受伤口发生部位及伤口大小影响。     

Results of randomized controlled trial of soft palate first versus hard palate first repair in unilateral complete cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes for primary repair of unilateral cleft lip and palate, operating on the soft palate first versus the hard palate first. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: The Regional Cleft Service of West Nepal. PATIENTS: Forty-seven consecutive patients with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate, of whom 37 were assessed 4 to 6 years after completing primary surgical repair. INTERVENTIONS: Primary repair of unilateral cleft lip and palate by two differing sequences: (1) soft palate repair, with hard palate and lip repair 3 months later; and (2) lip and hard palate repair, followed by the soft palate repair 3 months later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analysis of dental study models, weight gain, and speech recordings. RESULTS: Four to 7 years after completing the cleft closure, there was no significant difference in facial growth between the two types of repair sequencing. Completing posterior repair first had no effect on anterior alveolar gap width. It narrowed the hard palate gap by reducing the intercanine distance. Anterior repair dramatically closed the anterior alveolar gap, and narrowed the intercanine distance. Comparing anterior alveolar gap width with age at first presentation demonstrated that there was no spontaneous narrowing of the cleft in older children. Completing posterior closure first had a weight gain advantage over anterior closure first. Improved oropharyngeal closure, and thus swallowing, is the likely explanation. CONCLUSION: Changing the sequencing of cleft closure has no demonstrable difference in facial growth at 4 to 7 years after completion of the primary surgery.     

Superiorly based facial artery musculomucosal flap for large anterior palatal fistulae in clefts.

OBJECTIVE: An anterior hard palate fistula for which more than one attempt at repair using local tissue has failed is a difficult complication in cleft surgery. Prior to alveolar bone grafting, cleft patients have an open anterior maxillary arch that allows passage of a pedicled flap from cheek to hard palate. The superiorly based facial artery musculomucosal flap passed through the clefted alveolus is one of the newer techniques to solve this difficult problem. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of using a facial artery musculomucosal flap with an anterosuperiorly based pedicle with retrograde blood flow to repair a large anterior hard palate fistula when a lack of adequate local soft tissue precludes a local flap closure and the patient otherwise would need a tongue flap. RESULTS: Of 16 facial artery musculomucosal flaps in 14 children, 12 were successful, 2 suffered partial flap loss secondary to venous congestion, and 2 had complete flap failure. One had a small wound dehiscence that resulted in a small posterior fistula. CONCLUSION: An anterosuperiorly based facial artery musculomucosal flap is a viable option to close large anterior hard palate defects. Care needs to be taken to ensure adequate venous drainage. This flap obviates the need for a staged tongue flap repair for those patients with an open maxillary arch.     

Occurrence of oronasal fistulas in operated cleft palate patients

Oronasal fistulas, a troublesome complication, often occur after cleft palate repair. Seventy-three patients in a series of 346 cases of cleft palate (21%) were found to have fistulas, most located at the junction of hard and soft palate (42%). Langenbeck's method of cleft palate repair resulted in more fistulas than Wardill's method. Fistulas occurred more frequently in bilateral clefts than in the unilateral type. Nasality was found to be the most common symptom in patients with oronasal fistulas. No treatment was needed for 17 patients, 10 were given obturators, and surgical repair was performed in 46. Treatment was totally successful in 56% of the patients and partially so in 34%.     

Evaluation of fistula rates in three cleft palate techniques without relaxing incisions

The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of postoperative fistula formation from a hybrid cleft palate repair compared to that from two well-established techniques.We performed a modified technique, Sommerlad-Furlow (SF), which combined the repositioning of the levator veli palatini muscles as described by Sommerlad with the double opposing Z-plasty of Furlow to lengthen the soft palate. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate patients who underwent cleft palate repair utilizing SF, Sommerlad, or Furlow techniques with the incidence of palatal fistula as the target endpoint.A total of 1,164 patients were included in the present study and underwent the following techniques: 603 cases with SF, 244 cases with Furlow, and 317 cases with Sommerlad. In addition to not requiring relaxing incisions, SF advantages included a consistently lower fistula rate compared to that of the Sommerlad technique, as well as the lowest fistula rate in patients with both hard and soft palate clefts without a cleft lip (OR:2.62 95% CI: 1.35, 5.09). However, the differences among the three techniques did not reach statistical significance in terms of a bilateral or unilateral cleft lip/palate, or in patients with a soft palate only or a submucosal cleft palate(OR: 2.22,95% CI:0.77, 6.37).Based on the results of our study, the Somerlad-Furlow technique should be preferred whenever possible.     

Long-term evidence for favorable midfacial growth after delayed hard palate repair in UCLP patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether delayed hard palate repair resulted in better midfacial growth in the long term than previously achieved with "conventional" surgical methods of palatal closure. DESIGN AND SETTING: Long-term cephalometric data from patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were available from two Scandinavian cleft centers. The patients had been treated by different regimens, particularly regarding the method and timing of palatal surgery. Patients were analyzed retrospectively, and one investigator digitized all radiographs. PATIENTS: Thirty consecutively treated subjects from each center, with cephalograms taken at three comparable stages between 10 and 16 years of age. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Patients whose hard palates were repaired late (early soft palate closure followed by delayed hard palate repair at the stage of mixed dentition) had significantly better midfacial development than patients in whom the hard palate was operated on early with a vomer flap, and then during the second year of life, the soft palate was repaired with a push-back procedure. As the growth advantage in the delayed hard palate repair group was accomplished without impeding long-term speech development, the delayed repair regimen proved to be a good alternative in surgical treatment of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.