Future demand for primary hip and knee arthroplasty in Scotland

Introduction

The rising prevalence of osteoarthritis, associated with an ageing population, is expected to deliver increasing demand for arthroplasty services in the future. Understanding the scale of potential change is essential to ensure adequate provision of services and prevent prolonged waiting times that can cause patient harm.

Methods

We set out to provide projections of future primary knee and hip arthroplasty out to 2038 utilising historical trend data (2008–2018) from the Scottish Arthroplasty Project. All analyses were performed using the Holt's exponential smoothing projection method with the forecast package in R statistics. Results were adjusted for projected future population estimates provided by National Records of Scotland. Independent age group predictions were also performed.

Results

The predicted rise of primary hip arthroplasty for all ages is from 120/100k/year in 2018 to 152/100k/year in 2038, a 28% increase. The predicted rise of primary knee arthroplasty for all ages is from 164/100k/year in 2018 to 220/100k/year in 2038, a 34% increase. Based on a static 3-day length of stay average this would see 4280 and 7392 additional patient bed days required for primary hip and knee arthroplasty patients respectively per annum. The associated additional cost is anticipated to be approximately £26 million.

Conclusions

Anticipated future demand for arthroplasty will require significant additional resource and funding to prevent deterioration in quality of care and an increase in patient wait times, additional to that already required to clear the COVID-19 backlog. Understanding presented projections of changes to arthroplasty demand is key to future service delivery.     

Delayed pulmonary embolism after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A case report

Introduction:Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is relatively rare after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) can be fatal. Whether routine thromboprophylaxis or thrombolytic treatment is necessary for patients undergoing UKA remains unclear. Here, we present a case of delayed pulmonary embolism after UKA.Patient concerns:A 57-year-old women underwent cemented UKA for left localized medial knee pain. There were no risk factors of VTE besides high BMI before surgery. 2 months after surgery, the patient presented with dyspnea and palpitation, and these symptoms could not be alleviated after rest.Diagnosis:An arterial blood gas analysis showed decreased PO₂, SO₂ and PCO₂. Pulmonary CTA showed multiple pulmonary embolism in the trunk of the right lower pulmonary artery and the branch of the left lower pulmonary arteries. The final diagnosis was delayed pulmonary embolism after UKA.Interventions:Urokinase thrombolysis was administered intravenously. Low molecular weight heparin and warfarin were prescribed for anticoagulation.Outcomes:The patient''s symptoms abated, and chest CTA showed that the pulmonary embolism had dissolved. No further thrombosis has been observed for more than 6 years.Conclusions:We presented an unusual case of delayed pulmonary embolism after UKA. Despite the low incidence, its life-threatening nature makes it imperative for surgeons to be well-informed about thrombosis and pay more attention to its prevention strategies.     

Total joint arthroplasty: the final solution for knee and hip when synovitis could not be controlled

Summary.  In severely affected haemophilic patients knee and hip arthropathy is a common problem, which can leads to considerable pain and functional deficit. Surgical management, including total knee and hip arthroplasty, can be undertaken if conservative management fails. This paper reviews the functional outcome of arthroplasty in the knee and hip, the postoperative and long-term complications, and the impact of HIV. Although complications are commonly described and the surgery is technically demanding, the results of the author of this paper and the review of the literature suggest that arthroplasty of the hip and knee can be a valuable option in the management of severe haemophilic arthropathy.     

Total knee arthroplasty in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and spontaneous fusion of the right hip

Abstract

Bilateral total knee arthroplasty for a painful stiff knee was performed in a 50-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who had spontaneous fusion of the right hip. Despite several manipulations, the range of motion of the right knee worsened. After total hip arthroplasty and ipsilateral knee revision, the right knee had a stable range motion of ?15° to 75°. This case suggests that even if the ankylosed hip is in a good position, ipsilateral knee arthroplasty with a fused hip may result in a poorer range of motion than that after total hip arthroplasty.     

Total knee arthroplasty in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and spontaneous fusion of the right hip

Bilateral total knee arthroplasty for a painful stiff knee was performed in a 50-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who had spontaneous fusion of the right hip. Despite several manipulations, the range of motion of the right knee worsened. After total hip arthroplasty and ipsilateral knee revision, the right knee had a stable range motion of −15° to 75°. This case suggests that even if the ankylosed hip is in a good position, ipsilateral knee arthroplasty with a fused hip may result in a poorer range of motion than that after total hip arthroplasty. Received: January 9, 2001 / Accepted: April 11, 2001     

Efficacy and safety of aspirin and rivaroxaban for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after total hip or knee arthroplasty: A protocol for meta-analysis

Background:The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy and safety of aspirin and rivaroxaban in the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following either total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty.Methods:A comprehensive literature search of several electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) was conducted to identify relevant studies. Outcomes of interest included VTE rate, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) rate, pulmonary embolism rate, major bleeding events, mortality rate, blood transfusion, and wound complication. Risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model or random-effects model.Results:A total of 8 studies with 97,677 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with rivaroxaban, aspirin had a significantly higher incidence of DVT (RR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.27, 1.72; P < .001), and decreased risk of blood transfusion (RR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.94; P < .001). However, there were no significant differences between the 2 drugs in terms of total VTE rate (RR = 1.39%, 95%CI: 0.94, 2.05; P = .101), pulmonary embolism rate (RR = 1.64, 95%CI: 0.92, 2.92; P = .094), mortality rate (RR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.15, 8.27; P = .907), major bleeding (RR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.44, 2.27; P = .995), and wound complication rate (RR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.07, 1.87; P = .229).Conclusion:Our results suggested that aspirin and rivaroxaban offered similar effect in the prevention of VTE after total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty. However, rivaroxaban seemed to have better effect than aspirin in reducing the risk of DVT, and aspirin was safer than rivaroxaban in decreasing the blood transfusion rate.     

Outcomes for patients undergoing one or more total hip and knee arthroplasties

Either total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or both were performed in 105 patients from 1981 to 1994. These patients were experiencing severe joint destruction in the lower extremities due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These patients were followed for more than 2 years after their last operation. Eighty-six patients were alive and 19 patients had died at the time of follow-up. The 86 living patients were divided into four groups based on the number of replaced joints. Their pre- and postoperative conditions, including such factors as pain, mobility and disability for the quality of life (QOL), were compared. All of the four groups showed some reduction in pain and disability, and an improvement in ambulation after the operations. The 19 deceased patients were classified into two groups, one including those with multiple (three or four) arthroplasties and the other, those with only a small number (one or two). The mean age at death was lower (55.7±6.2 years) in patients with multiple arthroplasties than that (69.1±7.5 years) in patients with only a small number of arthroplasties. Secondary diseases from RA, such as amyloidosis, spinal injury and pulmonary fibrosis, were found to be the primary cause of death in patients with multiple arthroplasties. The most important finding in this study is that although RA patients with multiple arthroplasties in the lower extremities improved their QOL, they were still afflicted with secondary diseases derived from RA and experienced complications that could shorten their lifespan.     

Higher comorbidity, poor functional status and higher health care utilization in veterans with prevalent total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty

The objective of this study was to compare comorbidity, functional ability, and health care utilization in veterans with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) versus matched control populations. A cohort of veterans using Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system reported limitations in six activities of daily living (ADLs; bathing, dressing, eating, walking, transferring, and using the toilet), demographics, and physician-diagnosed comorbidity. VA databases provided healthcare utilization and International Classification of Diseases-9/Common procedure terminology codes for TKA/THA. Patients were classified as: (1) primary TKA; (2) primary THA; (3) combination group (≥1 procedure); and (4) control veteran population (no THA/TKA). Multivariable regression analyses compared the risk or counts of ADL limitation and in-/out-patient visits. After multivariable adjustment, TKA, THA or combination groups had significantly higher prevalence of the following compared to veteran controls: arthritis, diabetes, or heart disease (p < 0.0001 each), severe (≥3) ADL limitation (33%, 42%, 42% vs. 24%; p < 0.0001), and annual hospitalization rate (24%, 19%, 26% vs. 16%, p < 0.0001). Annual outpatient surgery visits were more (2.5, 2.3, 2.3 vs. 2, p = 0.01) and risk of any mental health outpatient visit was lower (12%, 11%, 12% vs. 18%, p = 0.0039). All ADLs, except eating, were significantly more limited in arthroplasty groups (p ≤ 0.0009). Severe ADL limitation was more prevalent in veterans with arthroplasty than in two age-matched US cohorts: 13.4 times in ≥65 years; and 1.2-, 1.6-, and 4-fold in ≥85, 75–84, and 65–74 years. Poorer function and higher comorbidity and utilization in veterans with TKA/THA suggest that this group is appropriate for interventions targeted at improving function and decreasing utilization. Supported by NIH CTSA Award 1 KL2 RR024151-01 (Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Research) The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs.     

旋转平台人工全膝关节系统在全膝关节置换术中的应用研究

目的探讨旋转平台人工膝关节置换术（TKA）的临床疗效。方法对21例患者（25膝）行TKA,采用正中切口髌旁内侧入路,对髌骨行去神经化和修复术,安装假体,膝关节均未进行髌骨置换。术后复查X线观察假体固定情况,采用美国膝关节学会评分（KSS评分）评定膝评分及膝功能评分,观察并发症（旋转平台脱位、翻修或感染）发生情况。结果本组随访时间25—37个月（平均28．2个月）,X线显示假体均无松动、无髌骨脱位;膝评分为94分（82～98分）,功能评分为94分（66—99分）;未出现并发症。结论旋转平台人工全膝关节系统用于TKA近期疗效确切,尤适于年轻、活动量大者;其长期疗效有待进一步观察。     

人工全膝关节置换术股骨胫骨假体匹配情况分析

目的分析人工全膝关节置换术股骨假体与胫骨假体不匹配的情况,初步探讨其发生原因和解决方式。方法回顾性分析2001年5月～2008年5月我科施行的2347例初次人工全膝关节置换术股骨假体与胫骨假体的匹配率,并分析不同性别、不同假体匹配率的差异。结果2347例人工全膝关节置换术中,股骨胫骨假体的匹配率为（56．2±16．5）％,其中男性患者匹配率为62．4％,女性患者匹配率为55．1％（P〈0．01）。股骨胫骨假体型号不匹配共1029例,其中F〉T占76．3％,F〈T占23．7％。结论接受人工全膝关节置换术的病例股骨假体与胫骨假体匹配率低,女性患者更低于男性患者。在不匹配的病例中,大部分情况是股骨假体型号大于胫骨假体型号。