辣椒素对人心房肌的电生理效应(英文)

目的　研究辣椒素对人心房肌的电生理效应及其作用机制。方法　应用经典玻璃微电极方法记录人心房肌特殊细胞的动作电位。结果　辣椒素(1～ 30 μmol·L- 1)浓度依赖性地抑制人心房肌纤维的动作电位幅值 ,0期最大除极速率 ,舒张期 (4相 )除极化速率和起搏细胞放电频率 ,此外还缩短 90 %动作电位时程。应用L 型钙通道开放剂BayK86 44(0 .5 μmol·L- 1)可拮抗辣椒素对人心房肌纤维的上述电生理效应 ,但辣椒素受体竞争性抑制剂cap sazepine(10 μmol·L- 1)对辣椒素的效应并无影响。结论　辣椒素对人心房肌具有负性变时作用 ,并可缩短复极化时程。这些效应可能与其抑制钙离子内流有关。     

植物性雌激素金雀异黄素对家兔窦房结起搏细胞的电生理效应

目的:研究植物性雌激素金雀异黄素(genistein,GST)对家兔窦房结起搏细胞的电生理效应及其作用机制.方法:应用经典玻璃微电极方法.结果:GST(10-150μmol/L)不仅以剂量依赖性方式抑制窦房结起搏细胞的零相最大上升速度(V_(max)),舒张期除极速度(VDD),起搏放电频率(RPF)和动作电位幅度(APA),而且延长复极化90％时间(APD_(90)).提高灌流液中钙离子浓度以及应用L型钙通道开放剂Bay K8644(0.5μmol/L)均可逆转GST对起搏细胞的上述电生理效应,但NO合酶阻断剂L-NAME(1 mmol/L)对GST的效应并无影响.结论:GST对家兔窦房结具有负性变时作用,并可延长复极化时程.这些效应可能与其抑制钙离子内流及钾离子外流有关.     

磷酸羟基喹哌对豚鼠右室乳头状肌动作电位和收缩力的影响

本文采用常规微电极技术,研究了HPQP对豚鼠乳头状肌电和机械活动的影响。HPQP在10μmol/L以上是浓度依赖性地抑制收缩力,延长动作电位时程和有效不应期,低浓度时仅抑制V_(max),浓度在100μmol/L以上时可使动作电位幅度降低。在30μmol/L时能对抗乙酰胆碱缩短左房肌动作电位时程的作用。HPQP 100μmol/L能对抗哇巴因诱发的后振荡电位。结果提示:HPQP能非特异性地抑制Na~+,K~+和Ca~(2+)的跨膜转运。     

辣椒素对家兔窦房结起搏细胞的电生理效应

目的:研究辣椒素对离体家兔窦房结起搏细胞的电生理效应及其作用机制。方法:应用经典玻璃微电极方法。结果:辣椒素(10 μmol/L)使窦房结起搏细胞的零相最大上升速度(V_(max))由(2.4±0.5)V/s降至(1.7±0.2)V/s(P<0.05);舒张期除极速度(VDD)由(91±34)mV/s降至(70±30)mV/s(P<0.01);起搏放电频率(RPF)由(186±14)beat/min降至(162±10)beat/min(P<0.01);最大舒张电位(MDP)绝对值由(49±3)mV降至(44±2)mV(P<0.01);动作电位幅度(APA)由(55±4)mV降至(49±4)mV(P<0.05)。复极化90％时间(APD_(90))则由(149±21)ms延长至(167±27)ms(P<0.01)。应用辣椒素受体阻断剂钌红(10 μmol/L)对辣椒素的上述电生理效应无影响。提高灌流液中钙离子浓度(5 mmol/L)以及应用L型钙通道开放剂Bay-K-8644(0.5μmol/L)均可抑制辣椒素对起搏细胞的电生理效应。β-肾上腺素能受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素(20 nmol/L)可逆转辣椒素所引起的除极化时间延长和MDP的降低。结论:辣椒素对家兔窦房结细胞有负性变时作用,这些效应可能与其抑制钙离子内流及/或钾离子外流有关,而非由辣椒素受体介导。     

双苯氟嗪对哇巴因诱发豚鼠乳头肌迟后除极和触发活动的影响

目的:研究双苯氟嗪(DiP)对哇巴因和高钙诱发豚鼠乳头肌迟后除极(DADs)和触发活动(TA)的影响.方法:应用哇巴因(1 μmol/L)和高钙(5.4 mmol/L)诱发稳定且可重复的迟后除极和触发活动.用细胞内玻璃微电极技术记录DADs和TA诸参数.结果:(1)预先应用DiP(10,30 μmol/L)对DADs和TA有明显的抑制作用.在DiP(30 μmol/L)作用下,DADs的幅度由(10.5±2.2)降到(3.6±0.3)mV,DADs时程由(230±19)缩短到(152±14)ms,引起DADs的时间从(21±5)延长至(66±11)min,TA未见发生.(2)诱发DADs后再给予Dip(10,30μmol/L),DADs和TA被明显抑制.在Dip(30μmol/L)作用下,DADS的幅度由(10.4±1.2)降至(3.3±0.6)mV,DADs的时程由(218±22)缩短至(159±26)ms,TA未见发生.结论:Dip对哇巴因和高钙诱发的豚鼠乳头肌迟后除极和触发活动有抑制作用,这可能与其抑制L-型钙通道和/或肌浆网钙释放从而减轻细胞内钙超载有关,并由此产生抗心律失常作用.     

镉对豚鼠心脏乳头状肌动作电位及收缩力的影响

应用细胞内固定微电极技术,观察了不同浓度CdCl_2对豚鼠右心室乳头状肌快、慢反应AP及Fc的影响.结果表明20μmol/L CdCl_2对快反应APA及V_(max)无显著影响,但却抑制Fc;100和500μmol/L对上述各参数均呈抑制作用.各种剂量的CdCl_2对慢反应电位均可降低APA及V_(max),抑制Fc,缩短APD_(50)及APD_(90),对抗CaCl_2所致的正性频率作用.提示低剂量Cd使心肌细胞兴奋收缩脱耦联.可能有抗心肌Ca~(2+)流效应.     

蜂毒肽对离体豚鼠乳头状肌的影响

目的：研究蜂毒肽（Mel）对离体豚鼠乳头状肌的影响。方法：观察Mel对豚鼠乳头状肌基本生理特性的影响,并应用标准玻璃微电极技术记录快反应动作电位（FAP）和慢反应动作电位（SAP）。结果：Mel(0.5,3μmol/L）显著增强乳头状肌收缩力,Mel（5μmol/L）在增强收缩力之前可出现短暂的抑制作用,Mel(0.5,3.5μmol/L)可显著缩短功能性不应期,在一定浓度下（Mel3,5μmol/L)可升高肾上腺素诱发的自律性,使时间-兴奋曲线上移（Mel3μmol/L)。Mel(0.3,5μmol/L)可显著缩短FAP的动作电位时程（APD）,减小动作电位幅度（APA）和静息电位（RP）。Mel0.8μmol/L可减小SAP的APA和RP,仅缩短APD20和APD50,对APD90无影响。结论：Mel增强豚鼠乳头状肌收缩性和自律性,缩短不应期,降低兴奋性,缩短APD,减小APA和RP。     

钙/钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ抑制剂对心房肌细胞钙超载的影响

目的 探讨钙/钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(ealmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,CaMKII)抑制剂KN93对大鼠心肌细胞钙超载及CaMKII蛋白表达的影响.方法 培养大鼠心房肌细胞原代细胞,应用钙离子导入剂ionomyein(1.0 μmol/L)诱导心肌钙超载模型,KN93(0.25、0.5、1.0 μmo/L)作用下,Fluo-3/AM负载心房肌细胞,激光共聚焦显微镜观察心房肌细胞的收缩频率及细胞游离[Ca2+]i的动态变化,计算平均钙瞬变幅度;采用Western blot法检测CaMKⅡ表达水平.结果 KN93可抑制ionomyein诱导的心肌细胞钙超载,且其抑制率与KN93呈剂量依赖关系,KN93可使心房肌细胞CaMKⅡ表达下降.结论 CaMKII抑制剂KN93可纠正ionomyein诱发的大鼠心房肌细胞的钙超载,并下调细胞CaMKⅡ表达水平.     

内源性腺苷和K_(ATP)通道介导缺氧窦房结起搏细胞的电生理效应(英文)

目的:观察腺苷脱氨酶(ADase),8-苯茶碱(8-PT)和格列苯脲(Gli)在豚鼠缺氧窦房结起搏细胞的电生理效应.方法:以充有100％氮和无糖的K-H液灌流豚鼠窦房结20 min引起其缺氧.用玻璃微电极技术记录起搏细胞的MDP,APA,APD_(90),V_(max),RPF和VDD等动作电位参数.结果:缺氧增加起搏细胞APA,MDP和V_(max),但减小VDD和RPF.Adase 10 U·L~(-1),8-PT 0.1 μmol·L~(-1)和Gli10 μmol·L~(-1)明显缓解缺氧引起的电生理效应. 结论:内源性腺苷和KATp通道在缺氧所致窦房结起搏细胞电生理效应中起重要作用.     

Genistein inhibits carotid sinus baroreceptor activity in anesthetized male rats

Aim: To study the effect of genistein (GST) on carotid baroreceptor activity (CBA). Methods: The functional curve of carotid baroreceptor (FCCB) was constructed and the functional parameters of carotid baroreceptor were measured by recording sinus nerve afferent discharge in anesthetized male rats with perfused isolated carotid sinus. Results: GST at 50, 100, and 200 μmol/L inhibited the CBA, which shifted FCCB to the right and downward, with a marked decrease in peak slope and peak integral value of carotid sinus nerve discharge in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with 100 μmol/L N^G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, did not affect the effect of GST on CBA. Pretreatment with 500 nmol/L Bay K8644, an agonist of calcium channels, could completely abolish the effect of GST on CBA. A potent inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatase, sodium orthovanadate (1 mmol/L), could attenuate the inhibitory effect of GST. Conclusion: GST inhibits CBA, and the effect may be mediated by protein tyrosine kinase inhibition and a decrease in Ca^2 influx through the stretchactivated channels.     

Electrophysiological effects of haloperidol on isolated rabbit Purkinje fibers and guinea pigs papillary muscles under normal and simulated ischemia

Aim： Overdoses of haloperidol are associated with major ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac conduction block, and sudden death. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of haloperidol on the action potentials in cardiac Purkinje fibers and papillary muscles under normal and simulated ischemia conditions in rabbits and guinea pigs. Methods： Using the standard intracellular microelectrode technique, we examined the effects of haloperidol on the action potential parameters [action potential amplitude （APA）, phase 0 maximum upstroke velocity （Vmax）, action potential amplitude at 90% of repolarization （APD90）, and effective refractory period （ERP）] in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibers and guinea pig cardiac papillary cells, in which both tissues were under simulated ischemic conditions. Results： Under ischemic conditions, different concentrations of haloperidol depressed APA and prolonged APD90 in a concentration-dependent manner in rabbit Purkinje fibers. Haloperidol （3 μmol/L） significantly depressed APA and prolonged APD90, and from 1 μmol/L, haloperidol showed significant depression on Vmax; ERP was not significantly affected. In guinea pig cardiac papillary muscles, the thresholds of significant reduction in APA, Vmax, EPR, and APD90 were 10, 0.3, 1, and 1 μmol/L, respectively, for haloperidol. Conclusion： Compared with cardiac conductive tissues, papillary muscles were more sensitive to ischemic conditions. Under ischemia, haloperidol prolonged ERP and APD90 in a concentration-dependent manner and precipitated the decrease in Vmax induced by ischemia. The shortening of ERP and APD90 in papillary muscle action potentials may be inhibited by haloperidol.     

蝙蝠葛碱和利多卡因对人心房和兔房室结细胞动作电位及窦房结功能的影响

蝙蝠葛碱(Dau)浓度依赖性抑制病人心房纤维及家兔房室结细胞APA,V_(max),减慢SR,病人心房纤维SP_4亦明显降低,并延长房室结细胞APD_(90)。利多卡因(Lid)在治疗浓度对AP各参数无明显影响,100μmol/L时明显降低病人心房纤维APA,V_(max),30μmol/L时降低兔房室结细胞V_(max)和SP_4。在两种标本,SR均呈减慢趋势。Dau明显延长家兔SACT,对SNRT,CSNRT,SNRTI和HR无明显影响,但与Lid合用可使CSNRT明显延长。提示Dau明显抑制窦房结传导功能,与Lid合用时使其自律性亦明显降低。Dau抑制心房纤维和房室结细胞AP可能为其临床上有效地治疗室上性快速型心律失常的主要电生理基础。     

Pharmacological properties of excitation-contraction mechanisms in isolated mouse left atria

Effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), nicardipine and ryanodine on the action potential and contractile force were examined in isolated mouse left atria. The mouse left atria had an action potential with an extremely short duration and two phases of repolarization; action potential duration at 50% repolarization was 6.7 +/- 0.4 ms (n = 15). The action potential duration, as well as contractile force, was increased by 4-AP (at 100 micromol/l and 1 mmol/l). Nicardipine (3 micromol/l), which is known to greatly reduce the contractile force in atria of most other experimental animal species, had no significant effect on the action potential and decreased contractile force by only 40% in mouse atria. Ryanodine (10 nmol/l) decreased the contractile force by 90% of basal value. At 100 nmol/l, ryanodine slightly affected the action potential configuration, which could be explained by indirect effects through inhibition of Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The extremely short action potential duration and the highly sarcoplasmic reticulum-dependent contraction of the mouse atria appear to underlie its unique response to agonists.     

IHC-66对豚鼠心肌细胞电生理特性的影响

目的：为进一步研究ＩＨＣ－６６抗心律失常作用的电生理机制。方法：采用细胞内微电极技术，研究了ＩＨＣ－６６对豚鼠心肌细胞电活动的影响。结果：ＩＨＣ－６６可缩短心室肌细胞动作电位复极５０％时程（ＡＤＰ５０），大剂量时降低动作电位零相最大上升速率。但可延长心房肌细胞动作电位时程。对Ｃｄ２＋影响下的心室肌细胞电活动的作用较对Ｍｎ２＋影响下的电活动更为显著。但对乌头碱（ａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ，ＡＣ）诱发的异常电活动无明显对抗作用。结论：ＩＨＣ－６６对豚鼠心肌细胞电生理的作用与其影响了Ｃａ２＋、Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋的跨膜转运有关。     

Comparison of the electrophysiological effects of 4-aminoquinoline, quinidine and lidocaine on frog atrial contractile fibres

Standard microelectrode techniques were used to study the electrophysiological effects of 4-aminoquinoline (4-AQ), a 4-aminopyridine analogue, on frog atrial contractile fibres and the effects compared with those of quinidine and lidocaine. The effects of 4-AQ (250 and 500 microM) were: reduction of action potential amplitude, overshoot and maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) and increase of action potential duration. These effects were reversible after washing. No change in membrane resting potential was observed with these drug concentrations. Quinidine (27 and 54 microM) caused no statistically significant changes of resting potential and overshoot but dose-dependently decreased Vmax. Action potential duration (APD) was shortened or unchanged at 60% repolarization, whereas at 90% repolarization APD was increased by the higher concentration of this drug. Quinidine (54 microM) also depressed action potential amplitude. Lidocaine (17 microM) induced a slight decrease of action potential amplitude and a marked reduction of Vmax as well as of APD without changing membrane resting potential or overshoot. Comparison of these results indicate that 4-AQ and quinidine share most electrophysiological effects such as depression of upstroke velocity, action potential total amplitude and repolarization rate at phase 3 of the transmembrane potential. Lidocaine and 4-AQ share only the capability of decreasing Vmax, whereas the effect upon repolarization was the opposite. Consequently, this study together with a previous one of our laboratory (Guerrero, 1982) suggest that 4-AQ is a drug having some quinidine-like properties.     

Risperidone reduces K+ currents in human atrial myocytes and prolongs repolarization in human myocardium

The antipsychotic agent risperidone has been shown to cause QT prolongation. In rabbit heart preparations, we have demonstrated that risperidone markedly lengthened action potential duration and blocked the delayed rectifier current, I(Kr.) The current study was designed to investigate the risperidone effects: (i) on the main K(+) repolarizing currents on human atrial myocytes, using whole-cell patch clamp recordings; (ii) on action potentials recorded from human atrial and ventricular myocardium using conventional microelectrodes. We found that: (1) risperidone (3-30 microM) reduced significantly the sustained current, I(sus), and 30 microM decreased significantly the transient outward current I(to) but was without effect on the inward rectifier current I(K1); (2) risperidone (0.3-10 microM) lengthened significantly the final repolarization of the atrial action potential and risperidone (10 microM) markedly lengthened the final repolarization in ventricular myocardium. This study showed that risperidone exerts direct electrophysiological effects on human preparations but only at relatively high concentration.     

Electrophysiological actions of N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-pyrrolizidine-acetamide hydrochloride hemihydrate (SUN 1165), a new antiarrhythmic agent

The electrophysiological actions of SUN 1165 on isolated guinea pig atrial and papillary muscles, canine Purkinje fibers, and rabbit sinoatrial node were studied using standard microelectrode techniques. SUN 1165 in low (10(-7) g/ml) concentration had little effect on any of the action potential parameters measured. Intermediate (10(-6) g/ml) concentration of the compound shortened the duration of action potential of canine Purkinje fibers and increased ratio of the effective refractory period to the duration of action potential at 90% repolarization in guinea pig atrial muscles. At high (10(-5) g/ml) concentration, the compound reduced the maximum rate of rise of phase 0 in guinea pig atrial, papillary muscles, and canine Purkinje fibers, though the change in the latter was not statistically significant, and also decreased the action potential amplitude in guinea pig atrial muscles and canine Purkinje fibers. At all concentrations (10(-7)-10(-5) g/ml) tested, the compound exerted little effect both on spontaneous action potentials in rabbit sinoatrial node cells and on Ca2+-mediated slow responses in partially depolarized guinea pig papillary muscles. These results indicate that SUN 1165 may selectively inhibit cardiac sodium channels and is likely to be of value in correcting not only ventricular but also supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.