海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现,以提高诊断正确率.方法 收集经手术病理证实的海绵窦海绵状血管瘤9例,全部病例均行头颅MRI平扫及增强扫描.结果 MRI扫描病灶形态呈哑铃状或类圆形,边界清楚,T1WI 6例呈脑灰质信号,3例稍低于脑灰质信号,T2WI 9例均呈类似于脑脊液的均匀极高信号,T1WI增强扫描均匀显著强化8例,不均匀强化1例.结论 MRI对海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的诊断有重要价值.     

鞍旁海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现

目的 探讨MRI对鞍旁海绵状血管瘤的诊断价值.资料与方法 12例经手术病理证实的鞍旁海绵状血管瘤行T1WI、T2WI、扩散加权成像(DWI)及增强扫描,分析其形态及信号特点.结果 肿瘤主要位于鞍旁,并不同程度涉及鞍内,呈"哑铃"形、内小外大的"葫芦"形、不规则形或类圆形,周围均无水肿.T2WI呈较明显高信号,T1WI呈稍低或较低信号,DWI呈等或稍低信号.增强扫描均呈明显异常强化.6例平扫或增强扫描信号欠均匀.结论 鞍旁海绵状血管瘤MRI表现有一定的特征性,MRI对鞍旁海绵状血管瘤诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

鞍旁海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现及误诊分析

目的 探讨鞍旁海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现及误诊原因.方法 回顾性分析经手术证实的12例鞍旁海绵状血管瘤MRI平扫及增强扫描资料,观察病灶分布、边界、部位及MRI信号表现.结果 12例病灶均为单发,边界清,7例位于左侧鞍旁,5例位于右侧鞍旁.与脑白质相比,T1WI上5例病灶呈等信号,7例呈稍低信号,11例信号均匀,1例信号不均匀;T2WI上12例病灶均呈高信号,11例信号均匀,1例信号不均匀.DWI(b=1000 s/mm2)上弥散不受限.增强扫描12例病灶均呈显著强化.术前MRI正确诊断6例,误诊6例.结论 鞍旁海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现具有特征性,提高对本病的认识有助于术前明确诊断.     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨脑内与脑外海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现及诊断价值.方法:搜集45例颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI影像资料进行分析,MRI检查45例,CT检查30例,其中脑内型海绵状血管瘤42例,脑外型海绵状血管瘤3例,均经手术病理证实.结果:脑内型海绵状血管瘤可位于脑内任何部位,单发病灶多见,无明显占位效应,周围无或轻度水肿.CT检查的全部病例呈稍高及混杂密度影27例,增强扫描大都无强化;MRI检查T2 WI表现为"桑葚状"混杂高信号,周围有云絮状低信号环,增强后病灶仅少数轻度强化.脑外型病灶位于中颅窝鞍旁,MRI呈类似哑铃形或类圆形较均匀的稍长T1明显长T2信号,增强扫描呈明显均匀强化.结论:脑内与脑外型海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征,MRI优于CT像,特别是MRI的T2 WI像有助于明确诊断.     

鞍旁肿瘤的MR诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨鞍旁肿瘤的MR影像学表现,提高诊断准确率.方法:回顾性分析64例经手术病理证实的鞍旁肿瘤MR影像学表现,所有病例均行MR平扫及增强扫描.结果:64例中脑膜瘤17例,侵袭性垂体瘤14例,神经鞘瘤9例,海绵状血管瘤6例,转移瘤6例,表皮样囊肿6例,脊索瘤4例,淋巴瘤2例.鞍旁脑膜瘤信号和强化表现与颅内其他部位脑膜瘤类似;侵袭性垂体瘤累及鞍旁,颈内动脉海绵窦段被包绕;神经鞘瘤以三叉神经鞘瘤多见,呈哑铃形跨颅中、后窝生长;海绵状血管瘤呈鞍内向鞍旁生长的哑铃形肿块,增强后强化显著,均匀强化或不均匀周边强化逐渐向内充填;鞍旁转移瘤多为双侧性,常见于鼻咽癌颅内侵犯;表皮样囊肿T1WI信号高于脑脊液,DWI上呈高信号改变;脊索瘤为不均匀信号,伴斜坡骨质破坏;鞍旁淋巴瘤可为双侧性,伴颅中窝底骨质破坏.结论:鞍旁肿瘤M R表现各有特点,把握其特征可作出正确诊断.     

MRI在鞍旁海绵状血管瘤与脑膜瘤鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 分析MRI在鉴别鞍旁海绵状血管瘤与脑膜瘤的表现特点.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的20例鞍旁肿瘤MRI影像表现,观察MR影像特征.结果 鞍旁海绵状血管瘤与脑膜瘤均可同时侵犯鞍内及鞍旁,但两者MRI信号有特征性,海绵状血管瘤T1WI呈等或稍低于脑灰质信号,T2WI信号强度类似脑脊液信号,增强扫描病变强化显著,可见延迟强化.脑膜瘤呈等T1、T2信号,T2WI信号强度与脑灰质信号近似,增强扫描病变呈中等度弥漫性强化,相应部位可见脑膜线样强化.结论 MRI平扫加增强能明确显示鞍旁海绵状血管瘤及脑膜瘤的不同信号改变、强化特点及内部结构特点,其MRI信号特点对诊断有价值.     

海绵窦内海绵状血管瘤的影像学诊断(附4例报告)

目的:探讨海绵窦海绵状血管瘤影像学特点,以提高其诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经手术后病理证实的4例海绵窦海绵状血管瘤,均有CT和MRI检查资料,1例行DSA检查。结果:4例海绵窦海绵状血管瘤均位于左侧,CT表现为均匀的稍高密度影,伴蝶骨轻度骨质侵蚀,未见钙化。MRI检查见T1WI呈较脑灰质低的均匀信号,T2WI呈较脑灰质高的均匀信号,静脉注射钆喷酸葡甲胺后T1WI显示明显强化的均匀高信号,形态特点呈内小外大的哑铃状结构,边缘清晰。1例DSA检查见颈内动脉受压移位明显,但无管腔狭窄征象,于毛细血管期和窦期有浅淡的肿瘤染色。结论:MRI是术前诊断海绵窦海绵状血管瘤最具价值的检查手段,而CT、DSA可作为鉴别诊断工具。     

椎管内海绵状血管瘤的MRI诊断

目的：探讨椎管内海绵状血管瘤的MRI定性诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析9例经手术病理证实的椎管内海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现.9例均行MRT1WI和T2WI,7例行增强扫描。结果：9例椎管内海绵状血管瘤中,7例位于胸椎椎管,2例位于颈胸椎椎管;9例肿瘤均沿脊椎纵轴、呈梭形或长条形生长,主要位于椎管内硬膜外腔;横轴面图像上肿块呈钳状包绕、推压邻近脊髓,2例肿瘤侵犯、压迫相邻的椎间孔并使其扩大,且经椎间孔突入椎旁间隙呈哑铃状。9例肿瘤中7例信号均匀,于T1WI上呈低信号,于T2WI上呈高信号,增强扫描示病灶呈较均匀一致的明显强化;2例肿瘤合并出血,T1WI和T2WI上均呈不均匀混杂信号。9例中2例合并椎体血管瘤。结论：椎管内海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现有一定特征性。     

海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的影像诊断与手术治疗

目的:探讨海绵窦海绵状血管瘤CT、MRI表现特征和外科治疗方法,以提高其诊断治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析8例海绵窦海绵状血管瘤影像学表现及经额颞联合耳前颞下入路、改良翼点入路的手术治疗方法。结果:海绵窦海绵状血管瘤呈类圆形或哑铃状,CT平扫为均匀的等、稍高或稍低密度影,伴蝶骨轻度骨质侵蚀;MRI检查T1WI呈等、稍低的均匀信号,T2WI为均匀的高信号;增强扫描显著强化。额颞联合耳前颞下入路全切除1例,次全切除2例;改良翼点入路全切除4例,次全切除1例。结论:海绵窦海绵状血管瘤有一定CT、MRI表现特征,有助于术前诊断;额颞联合耳前颞下入路、改良翼点入路是手术治疗的主要方法。     

鞍旁海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的总结7例鞍旁海绵状血管瘤CT、MRI和磁共振波谱（MRS）表现,探讨其诊断和鉴别诊断。资料与方法7例均经手术病理证实,均行CT和MR平扫,2例行CT增强扫描,7例行MR增强扫描,5例行MR扩散加权成像（DWI）,6例行^1H MRS检查。结果鞍旁海绵状血管瘤体积大,并同时伸入到鞍内。CT平扫病变呈等或稍高密度,密度均匀,MR T1WI呈等或稍低于脑灰质信号,T2WI呈类似脑脊液高信号。增强扫描病变呈非常显著强化。DWI呈等或稍低信号,但表观扩散系数（ADC）值明显高于正常脑实质。。HMRS表现为NAA峰、Cr峰和Cho峰消失。可出现Lip峰。结论CT检查时鞍旁海绵状血管瘤与脑膜瘤和垂体瘤鉴别困难,MRI表现很有特点,T2WI呈极高信号,增强扫描非常显著强化,ADC值明显升高而DWI接近等信号,MRS检查无NAA峰、Cr峰和Cho峰,MRI可以对海绵窦海绵状血管瘤作出定性诊断。     

Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics with pathological correlation of cavernous malformation in cavernous sinus

OBJECTIVE: To analyze extracerebral cavernous malformation located in the cavernous sinus and correlate their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to pathological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients (5 men and 14 women; mean age, 50.6 years; range, 32-71 years) with surgically verified cavernous malformations in the cavernous sinus were reviewed. MRI including T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was carried out in all instances with a 1.5-T superconductive system (Signa; General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). RESULTS: All these lesions measured from 2.5 cm to 6 cm (average, 4.3 cm) with 13 lesions located to the right side and 6 to the left side. Magnetic resonance images showed that 18 cases were hypointense to white matter on T1-weighted images with only one case showed mixed hypointensity and hyperintensity. On T2-weighted images, 17 cases showed marked homogeneous hyperintensity, 1 case showed marked hyperintensity with some signal void structures and 1 with mixed intensity. Marked homogeneous enhancement after contrast material administration was found in 7 cases, and the remaining 12 showed marked heterogeneous enhancement. Pathologically, these lesions can be classified as type A, type B, and type C. Type A was sponge-like with intact pseudocapsule; type B was mulberry-like with the pseudocapsule incomplete or absent; and type C was composed of both mulberry-like composition and sponge-like composition. Lesions with homogeneous contrast enhancement on MRI correlated with type A pathological findings, whereas those with heterogeneous enhancement correlated with type B and type C pathological findings. Asymmetrical dumbbell-shaped masses of 13 cases involving the sellar and round masses of 6 cases with 2 protruding into the sellar were found. All of the cavernous malformations displaced the adjacent temporal lobe without adjacent brain edema. The internal carotid arteries were displaced or encased in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: If a well-demarcated, homogeneous high signal intensity lesion on T2-weighted images with a dumbbell configuration involving both parasellar and sellar regions with marked heterogeneous or homogeneous enhancement is found, the diagnosis of cavernous sinus cavernous malformation should be entertained.     

Cavernous hemangioma of the intracranial optic pathways: CT and MRI.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the CT and MR findings in three patients with cavernous hemangioma (CH) of the intracranial optic pathways. METHOD: CT and MR studies of three patients with CH of the optic chiasm were reviewed. All patients underwent MRI of the chiasmal area, with coronal T2- and T1-weighted studies as well as gadolinium-enhanced coronal and sagittal T1-weighted studies. RESULTS: The patients (mean age, 40 years) presented with chiasmal apoplexy (two cases) and progressive decrease of visual acuity (one case). In all cases, MRI showed regular enlargement of the optic chiasm, with extension to the optic nerve in one case and to the left optic tract in one case. The chiasmatic dimension was 2.5-3 cm in two cases and 1-1.5 cm in the other case. In all cases, MRI revealed an acute (isointense signal on T1-weighted and hypointense signal on T2-weighted sequences) or subacute (hyperintense signal on T1 - and T2-weighted sequences) hemorrhage with, adjacent to it, an area with signals of blood of different ages, highly suggestive of CH. CT showed, in chiasmatic CHs, a suprasellar mass spontaneously denser than adjacent brain parenchyma. In two cases, microcalcifications were associated. In two cases, CT and MRI revealed slight heterogeneous enhancement after contrast agent administration. In one case, no enhancement was observed. Two patients underwent surgery by frontopterional craniotomy. The optic chiasms were swollen with an intrinsic bluish mass. The cerebrospinal fluid was not xanthochromic. Microscope examination confirmed the diagnosis of CH. After 12 months, the operated patients had improved visual acuity and visual field but did not completely recover. The nonoperated patient (because of spontaneous rapid recovery of visual acuity) was followed clinically and on MRI over 18 months. CONCLUSION: CH in the optic chiasm must be suspected in the presence of an acute chiasmatic syndrome. MRI is the best imaging modality, showing either an acute or a subacute chiasmatic hemorrhage or the typical pattern of CH with heterogeneous alternation of foci of blood of different ages, with a central focus of methemoglobin, a peripheral rim of hemosiderin, adjacent foci of acute or subacute hemorrhage, and slight or no enhancement after gadolinium administration.     

Cavernous hemangioma of the thoracic spinal cord

Summary A 25-year-old woman presented with a four-year history of progressive right-lower-extremity weakness and atrophy and a left hemisensory deficit was found. Metrizamide-enhanced spinal CT scan showed an intramedullary lesion at the level of T1-T2; this had expanded the cord in fusiform fashion but showed no evidence of a cystic component. Surgical resection was performed and the pathological diagnosis was cavernous hemangioma. Two and one-half years later, her left hemisensory deficit was worsening and a spinal MRI showed high signal intensity mass in the region of the previous surgery consistent with chronic hematoma which was re-evacuated with some improvement in the patient's neurological condition.     

海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现(2例及文献复习)

目的:探讨海绵窦海绵状血管瘤(cavernous sinus hemangiomas,CSHAs)的MRI表现特征。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的2例CSHAs的MRI表现,并复习文献资料。结果:海绵状血管瘤位于左、右侧海绵窦各1例,MRI呈分叶状,边缘清晰,呈长T1长T2信号,信号均匀,未见出血及钙化。增强扫描病变明显强化,强化程度高于垂体,并表现出渐进性、向心性强化的特点。结论:CSHAs的MR表现具有特征性,MR检查有助于作出正确的定位和定性诊断。     

Cavernous sinus: correlation between anatomic and dynamic gadolinium- enhanced MR imaging findings

Dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) images were evaluated and compared with conventional T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) images obtained before and after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine in 20 patients with normal cavernous sinuses. Starting 10 seconds after rapid injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.1 mmol/kg), six to eight serial images were obtained every 30 seconds for 3-5 minutes. The venous spaces of the cavernous sinus were markedly enhanced 30 seconds after injection. Cranial nerves III and IV, V1 and VI, and V2 were seen on 75% of dynamic images each; they were seen, respectively, on 62%, 30%, and 28% of conventional postcontrast images. The medial wall was demarcated on 90% of dynamic, 15% of precontrast, and 55% of postcontrast images. A small area of connective tissue was identified within the cavernous sinus on dynamic images showing gradual enhancement. It is concluded that dynamic MR images proved useful in delineating and distinguishing abnormal tissue from normal structures.     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的病理及MR特征

目的:结合颅内海绵状血管瘤的病理特征,分析其MRI影像学表现.方法:搜集颅内海绵状血管瘤共53例,其中脑内型40例,脑外型13例,全部病例均行MRI检查.结果:脑内型海绵状血管瘤MRI大多表现为爆米花样或桑椹状的混杂信号灶,周边围以低信号环;脑外型T1WI表现为均匀低信号,T2WI为高信号,增强扫描明显强化.结论:不同类型的颅内海绵状血管瘤具有不同的病理学特点,导致其MRI表现的不同,其手术方案及预后亦有很大差异.利用MRI检查术前可做出准确诊断,从而指导手术方案的制订.     

Hepatic and hepatocarcinoma magnetic resonance: comparison of the results obtained with paramagnetic (gadolinium) and superparamagnetic (iron oxide particles) contrast media

PURPOSE: To compare prospectively dynamic gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced MRI for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with histologically proven HCC and liver cirrhosis (28% of them in B or C Child class) underwent dynamic Gd-enhanced MRI and, a few days later, (mean interval: three days) SPIO-enhanced MRI. Only patients with availability of clinical and imaging follow-up for at least seven months were enrolled in this prospective study. Axial dynamic Gd-enhanced imaging was performed with T1 gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequences. Both axial and sagittal SPIO-enhanced imaging were performed with respiratory triggered T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) and T1-T2*-weighted GRE sequences. MR images were reviewed by two independent radiologists. The readers scored each lesion for the presence of HCC and assigned confidence levels based on a five-grade scale: 1, definitely or almost definitely absent; 2, possibly present; 3, probably present; 4, definitely present; 5, definitely present with optimal liver/lesion contrast or good liver/lesion contrast and morphological signs (intact capsule, intranodular septa, extra-capsular infiltration), useful for locoregional treatment planning. A positive diagnostic value was assessed for scores of 3 or higher. RESULTS: Gd-enhanced and SPIO-enhanced MRI found 44 lesions. The combined use of TSE and GRE SPIO-enhanced sequences detected 11 more lesions (25% improvement in sensitivity) than Gd-enhanced MRI. One lesion (2.27%) was detected only with Gd-enhanced MRI. Eight of twelve lesions visible with a single contrast agent measured less than 1 cm in diameter. HCC detectability was 75% with Gd-enhanced MRI and 97.7% with SPIO-enhanced MRI. SPIO-enhanced T2-weighted TSE images showed significantly higher diagnostic value than SPIO-enhanced T1-T2*GRE images only in three cases, while nodule morphological characteristics (capsule, septa, different cell differentiation components) were better depicted by TSE images. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In our study the combined use of SPIO-enhanced T2-weighted TSE and T1-T2*-weighted GRE sequences showed higher sensitivity than gadolinium-enhanced GRE dynamic imaging (97.7% versus 75%). These results are at least partly related to our study conditions, that is: 1) MRI was performed with a 1T system, 2) both axial and sagittal SPIO-enhanced imaging were performed with respiratory triggered T2-weighted TSE and T1-T2*-weighted GRE, 3) there was a low freaquency of severe cirrhosis.     

脑实质海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨脑实质海绵状血管瘤(cavernous angioma,CA)的CT、MRI表现及其诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实为CA的CT和MRI表现. 结果: 15例CA共检出19个病灶.CA可发生于脑内任何部位,单发多见(13/15).15例CT和MRI平扫均发现所有病灶.CA的CT平扫均表现为高或稍高密度;CA的MRI平扫表现为T1WI呈等或低信9个,高信号7个,混杂信号3个;T2WI呈高低混杂信号,16个病灶周围伴有低信号环,无占位效应;CT和MRI增强扫描无或轻度增强.结论: CA有典型影像表现,CT和MRI平扫对明确诊断具有重要意义,MRI优于CT,是首选和最佳的影像学方法.