125I粒子组织间永久种植致大鼠坐骨神经早期损伤的病理学观察

目的 探讨¹²⁵I粒子持续性低剂量率照射下肿瘤细胞的凋亡和周期改变。方法 采用CL187人结肠癌细胞系体外培养,分为空白对照组、⁶⁰Co单次高剂量率照射组、¹²⁵I低剂量率照射组。单次高剂量率组以2 Gy/min给予细胞1、2、4、6、8和10 Gy的照射,低剂量率组以2.77cGy/h的初始剂量率给予相同剂量照射,照射后24 h根据肿瘤细胞死亡率和14 d克隆形成率评价不同照射方式对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效果。同时,用放射性¹²⁵I粒子以2.77 cGy/h的剂量率,给予细胞2、5和10 Gy的照射,应用流式细胞术测量其凋亡和细胞周期的变化。结果 低剂量率组照射后细胞死亡率在1 Gy时低于⁶⁰Co单次高剂量率组,随着剂量的上升,2 Gy后,超过单次高剂量率组,但整体上¹²⁵I粒子照射后细胞死亡率高于⁶⁰Co组(P=0.011)。¹²⁵I持续性低剂量率照射组的克隆增殖率明显低于⁶⁰Co单次高剂量率组(P=0.0021)。低剂量率照射下,2 Gy时仅能引起G₂/M期阻滞和凋亡,5 Gy时达到峰值,10 Gy时细胞周期阻滞和凋亡的比率依然很高,但相对于5 Gy有所下降;同时G₂/M期阻滞和凋亡变化呈现出相同的趋势。结论 在相同剂量条件下,¹²⁵I粒子持续照射低剂量率照射比⁶⁰Co单次高剂量照射对CL187肿瘤细胞具有更强的杀伤效应;G₂/M期阻滞引起的凋亡是低剂量率照射杀伤肿瘤细胞的主要机制。     

60Coγ射线诱导人外周血淋巴细胞核质桥的剂量-效应关系研究

目的 确定核质桥判定标准,建立 ⁶⁰Co γ 射线诱导正常人外周血淋巴细胞中核质桥（NPB）的剂量-效应曲线。 方法 用 ⁶⁰Co γ 射线照射3名健康男性离体外周血,照射剂量分别为0、1、2、3、4、5和6 Gy,剂量率为1 Gy/min,采用胞质分裂阻滞微核（CBMN）法进行细胞培养、收获、制片、染色。在光学显微镜下分析双核细胞中NPB及微核（MN）。 结果 在0~6 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ 射线照射后,人外周血双核淋巴细胞中的NPB符合泊松分布,且NPB频率随吸收剂量增加而增加（H=19.51,P<0.01）,拟合回归方程为线性平方模式y=（1.39×10^-3）x² + （4.94×10^-3）x （R²=0.981,P < 0.01）。 结论 成功建立 0~6 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ 射线诱导正常人外周血淋巴细胞中NPB的剂量-效应曲线。     

低剂量辐射适应性反应对辐射诱发小鼠胸腺淋巴瘤的影响

目的 探讨低剂量辐射对致癌剂量辐射诱发小鼠胸腺淋巴瘤的影响及其免疫学机理。方法 采用4次1.75GyX射线全身照射C57BL/6J小鼠诱发胸腺淋巴瘤模型, 观察不同剂量照后6个月小鼠胸腺淋巴瘤发生率, 照后1个月脾脏NK细胞毒活性、IL-2和γIFN分泌活性、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能及其TNFα分泌活性以及胸腺细胞分化的变化。结果 每次1.75Gy照射前6h或12h接受25mGy或75mGy全身照射均可降低胸腺淋巴瘤发生率, 且预先接受75mGy全身照射的作用效果更为明显; 每次1.75Gy照射前12h接受75mGy照射小鼠, 上述免疫指标均比单纯1.75Gy照射组增强, 且多数指标接近假照射组; 其胸腺CD4^-CD8^-和CD4^-CD8⁺细胞较单纯1.75Gy照射组减少、CD4⁺CD8⁺细胞增多。结论 低剂量辐射可诱导辐射诱发胸腺淋巴瘤适应性反应, 对致癌剂量辐射诱发小鼠胸腺淋巴瘤有抑制作用, 其抑制作用的免疫学机理可能与低剂量辐射的免疫增强效应及诱导的免疫学适应性反应, 减轻致癌剂量辐射对机体免疫功能的损伤, 使胸腺淋巴瘤前体细胞在形成胸腺淋巴瘤之前被免疫系统清除有关。     

人肺腺癌A549细胞低剂量辐射超敏感性及其机制的研究

目的 观察A549细胞的低剂量辐射超敏感性现象,探讨其发生的机制。方法 A549细胞接受0~2 Gy的⁶⁰Coγ射线照射后,流式细胞仪对其分选计数,克隆形成法检测细胞存活分数,Western blot法检测ATM1981Ser-P蛋白表达,Hoechst 33258荧光染色法、AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双染流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,PI单染流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果 细胞在0~0.3 Gy表现出单位剂量杀伤增强,在0.3~0.5 Gy表现出一定的辐射抗性,0.5 Gy后的区域存活分数随辐射剂量的增加而降低。照射后1 h,ATM激酶在0.2 Gy时开始活化,0.5 Gy时活化达高峰(t=7.96,P<0.05);与0.5 Gy相比1.0和2.0 Gy的活化水平无明显变化(t=0.69、0.55,P>0.05)。照射后24 h,部分细胞发生凋亡,其凋亡曲线与存活曲线相吻合。与未照射组相比,0.1和0.2 Gy组在各时间点(照射后6、12和24 h)的细胞周期无明显变化,而0.3、0.4和0.5 Gy 组,照射后6和12 h细胞发生G₂/M期阻滞(t＝2.87、2.88、4.92和3.70、3.12、8.11,P<0.05),照射后24 h G₂/M期细胞比例下降(t＝3.87、4.77、3.01,P<0.05)。结论 A549细胞存在HRS/IRR现象,其发生可能与ATM激酶、细胞周期变化有关,凋亡是细胞死亡的主要方式。     

西妥昔单抗对125I粒子照射结直肠癌细胞DNA修复能力和信号传导通路的影响

目的 探讨西妥昔单抗(C225)对¹²⁵I 粒子照射下结直肠癌CL187细胞DNA损伤修复和信号传导通路的影响。方法 实验分为空白对照组,100 nmol/L C225处理组,单独¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射组和C225联合¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射组。在吸收剂量达4 Gy后48 h,经细胞免疫荧光检测各组细胞中γH2AX聚集点数量以及γH2AX聚集点阳性细胞比例。提取细胞内总蛋白,Western blot检测DNA修复蛋白的变化。在吸收剂量达4 Gy后即刻提取总蛋白,Western blot分析在照射过程中C225对EGFR下游信号通路中蛋白分子的影响。结果 与单独¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射组细胞相比,C225联合¹²⁵I持续低剂量率照射组细胞内残余的γH2AX聚集点数量和γH2AX聚集点阳性的细胞比例均高(t=8.0和6.8,P<0.05),并且细胞中DNA修复蛋白Ku70和DNA-PKcs的含量偏低(t=6.6和5.7,P<0.05)。Western blot结果显示,在¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射过程中,C225能够降低细胞内EGFR的水平(t=4.9,P<0.05),抑制Akt的活化(t=5.5,P<0.05)。结论 在¹²⁵I放射性粒子持续低剂量率照射下,C225可以降低细胞内Ku70和DNA-PKcs的含量,并抑制Akt活化,减弱CL187细胞的DNA损伤修复能力。     

不同剂量60Co γ射线对小鼠淋巴细胞及其调节性T细胞亚群的影响

目的 分析不同剂量照射对小鼠淋巴细胞及其调节性T细胞亚群数量和表型的影响。方法 用不同剂量⁶⁰Co γ射线全身照射小鼠,分离胸腺和脾脏中的淋巴细胞,计数各样本细胞数后利用流式细胞仪分析CD4+T细胞和CD4+FOXP3+CD25+Treg细胞亚群的比例。结果 小鼠受照后胸腺细胞和脾脏细胞呈剂量依赖性减少,在照后4 d降至最低(F=118.08、144.01,P<0.05)。较高剂量照射后,胸腺中Treg细胞数随时间逐渐减少,而脾脏中该细胞亚群逐渐恢复;较低剂量照射后,胸腺中Treg细胞数有所增加。与0 Gy组相比较,Treg细胞比例随剂量增加而增加(胸腺中F=5.16、89.44、3.01,P<0.05;脾脏中F=52.02、32.13、27.45,P<0.05)。结论 不同剂量引起淋巴细胞及其Treg细胞亚群的辐射响应不同,其中Treg细胞亚群对较高剂量照射具有显著的辐射抗性,而低剂量照射可能诱导Treg细胞成熟分化或迁移。此外,淋巴细胞及其亚群的不同时间效应,也表明淋巴细胞成熟分化规律的差异。     

槲皮素对X射线照射后大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨槲皮素(QN)对6 Gy X射线照射后大鼠免疫功能及肝脏氧化应激反应的影响。 方法40只大鼠随机分成4组,每组10只,第1组连续7 d 腹腔内注射生理盐水(0.5 ml/150 g体重)作为对照组,第2组(QN组)连续7 d 用槲皮素(40 mg/kg体重)腹腔注射,第3组用单次6 Gy X射线照射,第4组(6 Gy+QN组)连续7 d 腹腔注射槲皮素(40 mg/kg体重),在最后一次注射后1 h,给予单次6 Gy X射线照射。照射后24 h,将大鼠麻醉后断头处死,取其脾脏用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测淋巴细胞转化率,流式细胞术检测CD⁺₄、CD⁺₈及CD⁺₄/CD^＋₈T淋巴细胞的变化,取肝脏检测氧化应激反应并观察一般状态变化。 结果经QN预先处理组的大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞转化率显著高于6 Gy照射组,CD^＋₄、CD⁺₈及CD^＋₄/CD⁺₈ T淋巴细胞百分率亦显著高于单纯照射组(F值分别为8.455、22.644和18.911, P<0.01),尤其以增加CD^＋₄T淋巴细胞百分率为显著。同时发现QN预先处理的照射组大鼠肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于照射组(F=10.059, P<0.01),抗氧化酶类超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和抗氧化物质GSH含量显著高于照射组(F值分别为23.688、186.046和19.788, P<0.01)。6 Gy照射组大鼠肝脏肝小叶中心静脉扩张,肝血窦明显充血,并有炎性细胞浸润,而经QN处理后的照射组大鼠肝脏,肝小叶中心静脉轻度扩张,肝血窦充血较6 Gy照射组明显减轻。结论槲皮素对X射线照射后大鼠免疫功能具有明显增强作用,并显著改善了照射大鼠肝脏的氧化应激损伤,对6 Gy照射大鼠起到了一定程度的保护作用。     

60Co γ射线诱发小鼠外周血网织红细胞微核率的研究

目的 通过观察不同剂量⁶⁰Co γ射线照射后小鼠外周血网织红细胞微核率的变化,为使外周血网织红细胞微核成为探索快速高通量的生物剂量计提供科学依据。方法 ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射ICR小鼠,按不同照射剂量分为0、0.5、1、2、4和8 Gy组,眼球取血,流式细胞术(FCM)检测和显微镜观察小鼠外周血网织红细胞微核率的变化。结果 流式细胞术检测网织红细胞微核率随剂量增加逐渐增加,2 Gy达峰值,之后随剂量的增加而减少;显微镜观察的网织红细胞微核率变化趋势与流式细胞术检测结果基本一致。照射剂量在0~2 Gy剂量范围内,小鼠的外周血网织红细胞微核率的剂量-效应关系满足直线模型(R²=0.9063),并且2 Gy照射组与0 Gy组相比差异有统计学意义(t=-2.856,P<0.05)。结论 流式细胞术检测外周血网织红细胞微核率,在一定剂量范围内可成为早期快速、高通量的辐射损伤生物剂量计。     

P53在电离辐射诱导的细胞周期解耦联中的作用

目的 探讨p53基因在电离辐射(IR)诱导的MCF-7细胞周期解耦联中的作用。 方法 构建RNAi表达载体,经磷酸钙共沉淀法转染293T细胞形成病毒包装颗粒,感染MCF-7后采用Western blot检测P53蛋白的表达,建立p53基因沉默模型。将p53野生型(+ +)和沉默模型(- -)经电离辐射处理后,采用流式细胞术分别测定细胞周期并分析细胞多倍体的变化。结果 与p53^{+ +}组比较,p53^{- -}模型组G₀ G₁期细胞百分数减少,S期、G₂期增加(P<0.01),倍体分析表明二倍体数减少,四倍体、八倍体均增加(P<0.01)。在p53^{+ +}和p53^{- -}细胞中,与假照射组比较,4 Gy照射后G₀ G₁期、S期细胞百分数减少,而G₂期增多(P<0.01);倍体分析表明,照射后二倍体数减少,四倍体、八倍体均增加(P<0.01)。与p53^{+ +}+IR组比较,p53^{- -}+IR 组发生G₀ G₁期、S期细胞百分数减少,G₂+M期增多(P<0.01),二倍体数减少,四倍体增多(P<0.01),八倍体无明显差别。结论 电离辐射可以诱导细胞发生G₂期阻滞和细胞周期解耦联;P53在电离辐射诱导的MCF-7细胞G₂期阻滞中发挥作用,而在细胞周期解耦联中可能不发挥作用。     

A549细胞线粒体DNA缺失模型建立及其放射敏感性变化

目的 建立肺癌A549细胞线粒体DNA（mtDNA）缺失模型（ρ⁰细胞）,观察其放射敏感性变化。 方法 用含微量溴化乙锭（EB）的特殊培养液持续培养正常的A549细胞（ρ⁺细胞）以获得mtDNA完全缺失的ρ⁰细胞,利用生长缺陷及PCR鉴定该细胞模型。利用克隆形成实验分别检测两种细胞的放射敏感性,利用碘化丙啶（PI）染色法及二氯荧光素双醋酸盐（DCFH-DA）染色法,分析两种细胞在6 MV X射线照射后的细胞周期及活性氧簇（ROS）变化情况。 结果 成功建立A549 ρ⁰细胞。ρ⁰细胞较ρ⁺细胞放射敏感性降低（t=12.57,P<0.01）。放射照射8 Gy后,ρ⁰细胞较ρ⁺细胞G₂期阻滞时间延长,G₂期细胞比例降低（t=6.82,P<0.01）,ρ⁰细胞ROS升高水平明显低于ρ⁺细胞（t=14.51,P<0.01）。 结论 ρ⁰细胞较ρ⁺细胞放射敏感性降低,其机制可能与放射照射后ROS产量降低及G₂期阻滞延长有关。     

西咪替丁对急性照射小鼠存活率及造血系统改变的影响

目的 观察西咪替丁对急性照射小鼠存活率及造血系统改变的影响.方法 采用137Cs γ射线全身照射小鼠,两次实验的照射剂量分别为6.0Gy和8.0Gy,剂量率均为1.01Gy/min.每次实验取健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠60只,按体重随机分为空白对照组?模型对照组?阳性药组(523)及33.3?100?300mg/kg西咪替丁组,每组10只.西咪替丁各剂量组于照射前6d灌胃给药,每天1次,照射后5h给药1次;阳性药组于照射前1d灌胃给药1次,照射后5h给药1次.检测8.0Gy照射后30d小鼠存活率,以及6.0Gy照射后30d小鼠外周血象?骨髓DNA含量和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率.结果8.0Gy照射后,模型对照组小鼠于第21天全部死亡,西咪替丁低?中?高剂量组30d存活率分别为50%?20%和30%;6.0Gy照射后第30天,与空白对照组比较,各照射组小鼠外周血白细胞明显降低(P<0.01),骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率明显升高(P<0.05),骨髓DNA含量明显降低(P<0.05);与模型对照组比较,西咪替丁高剂量组外周血白细胞明显升高(P<0.01),西咪替丁各剂量组骨髓DNA含量明显升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),而骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)并趋于正常.结论 西咪替丁能提高急性照射小鼠30d存活率,且对其造血系统有较好的保护作用.     

细胞因子治疗4.5Gyγ射线照射比格犬造血损伤的机制初探

目的 探讨多种细胞因子配伍应用治疗4.5 Gy γ射线照射比格犬造血系统损伤的作用及可能机制。方法 16只比格犬均给予4.5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线全身照射,随机分为照射对照、综合对症和细胞因子3组。细胞因子组在综合对症支持治疗的基础上应用rhG-CSF、rhIL-11和rhIL-2联合治疗,采用流式细胞术检测外周血中CD34+细胞含量、有核细胞周期及凋亡比例。结果 4.5 Gy γ射线照射犬外周血中CD34+细胞含量在照射后1 d明显下降(照射对照组和综合对症组分别为照前值的61.3%和52.1%),G₀/G₁期有核细胞比例增加(分别为99.27%和99.49%),且凋亡率(分别为26.93%和21.29%)和坏死率(分别为3.27%和4.14%)明显升高(与照前值比较, P<0.05);而经过细胞因子治疗后,外周血中CD34+细胞含量在照射后1 d即明显升高(为照前值的135.6%),G₀/G₁期有核细胞比例(99.71%)进一步增加,其凋亡率(5.66%)和坏死率(1.60%)明显低于照射对照和综合对症组。结论 本研究的细胞因子组合可能通过动员骨髓中CD34+细胞到外周血,使细胞周期阻滞在G₀/G₁期,减少细胞凋亡,从而促进极重度骨髓型急性放射病犬造血功能的恢复。     

AIF、Bax和Bcl-2在中子及γ射线照射致肠道损伤中的表达

目的 探讨AIF、Bax和Bcl-2在中子及7射线照射致肠道损伤中的表达变化及意义.方法 290只BALWc雄性小鼠,随机分为对照组(24只)、2.5Gy中子照射组(80只)、4.0Gy中子照射组(60只)、5.5Gy γ射线照射组(72只)及12.0Gy γ射线照射组(54只),分别采用5.5和12.0Gy γ射线以及2.5和4.0Gy的中子照射,并于照射后6h,1、2、3、5、10d活杀,取空肠组织,用免疫组织化学和图像分析技术定量分析MF、Bax及Bcl-2蛋白的表达变化.结果 对照组小鼠空肠绒毛及隐窝上皮细胞质AIF呈强阳性,Bax和Bd-2呈弱阳性.中子和γ射线照射后6h～1d,隐窝细胞核中AIF呈强阳性,表达明显增加(P<0.01);4.0Gy中子照射后Bax强阳性持续至照射后3d,表达明显增加(P<0.01).5.5、12.0Gy γ射线及2.5Gy中子照射后6h～5d,Bcl-2于上述部位呈强阳性,表达明显增加(P<0.01).4.0Gy中子照射后6h～3d,Bcl-2于上述部位呈弱阳性,表达无改变(P>0.05).结论 中子及γ射线照射后空肠隐窝上皮细胞核中AIF表达增加,参与了肠上皮细胞凋亡的过程.中子照射时的Bax表达强于γ射线照射时,γ射线照射时的Bcl-2表达强于中子照射时,二者变化规律不同,提示中子和γ射线致肠道损伤具有不同的分子机制.     

X射线和γ射线预处理对小鼠异基因骨髓移植后造血免疫重建的影响

目的 研究X射线和γ射线两种预处理方式造成的损伤程度的差别,以及对造血、免疫重建的影响,确定适用于异基因造血干细胞移植的预处理照射方式.方法 对受鼠分别使用直线加速器X射线或60Coγ射线进行致死剂量(总剂量为7.0 Gy)全身照射后,给予相同数量供鼠骨髓细胞移植.观察受鼠移植后的生存时间、重要脏器(肝、小肠和肺)病理...     

慢性镉染毒及联合辐射对大鼠的基因毒性作用

目的 探讨慢性镉染毒及联合辐射对大鼠的基因毒性.方法 雄性SD大鼠分设空白对照组、0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1低剂量镉染毒组、0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1高剂量镉染毒组、单纯照射组、低剂量镉染毒+照射组和高剂量镉染毒+照射组.腹腔注射镉染毒连续8周,1次/d,然后给予2 Gy γ照射.于照射后第10天或受照即日后继续染镉4周,心脏取血,采用多核细胞法检测外周血淋巴细胞微核率和hprt基因突变率,同时检测外周血白细胞数量变化和血镉含量.结果 大鼠低剂量镉染毒8周和12周组未观察到外周血细胞损伤,而辐射诱导的微核率(F=26.74,P<0.01和F=14.13,P＜0.05)和hprt基因突变率(F=6.60,P＜0.05)显著降低;高剂量镉染毒8周和12周组与空白对照组比较,外周血白细胞数显著增高(F=8.74,P＜0.01和F=13.11,P=0.000),淋巴细胞微核率(F=26.74,P＜0.05和F=14.13,P=0.000)和hprt基因突变率(F=6.60,P＜0.05和F=12.83,P＜0.05)明显增加,而高剂量镉染毒+照射组的基因毒性又显著高于单纯高剂量镉染毒组或单纯照射组,表现出联合毒性效应.结论 慢性、低剂量镉染毒诱导外周血淋巴细胞对辐射产生适应性效应,血镉浓度增加到613～678 μg/L时能刺激白细胞显著增加并与辐射联合作用加重对淋巴细胞的基因毒性.

Abstract：

objective To investigate the effects of chronic cadmium exposure and cadmium exposure combined with γ-ray irradiation on the peripheral lymphocytes and their genotoxicity on hprt gene.Methods Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups:①normal control group,②lowdose cadmium exposure group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks,③high-dose cadmium exposure group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks,④pure irradiation group exposed to whole-body γ-ray irradiation at the dose of 2 Gy for one time,⑤low-dose cadmium exposure combined with irradiation group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks and then whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation,and ⑥high-dose cadmium exposure combined with whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks and then whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation.Ten days after the irradiation cardiac blood samples were collected from some of the rats to culture the peripheral lymphocytes to detect the micronucleus rate and hprt mutant frequency of lymphocytes bv multinucleated cell assay.The other rats underwent continuous Cd exposure for 4 weeks after γ-ray irradiation and then cardiac blood samples were collected to detect the micronucleus rate and hprt mutant frequencv of lymphocytes.Meanwhile,the amount of white blood cells(WBC)was counted and the blood cadmium concentration was measured by ICP-MS.Results The numbers of WBC in the peripheral blood at different time points of the high dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group(F=8.74.P<0.01 and F=13.11,P=0.000).The micronucleus rate at difierent time points of the pure irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the control group( F = 26. 74 ,P =0. 000 and F = 14. 13, P = 0. 000). The micronucleus rates of the high-dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the control group( F = 26. 74 ,P <0. 05 and F = 14. 13 ,P = 0. 000 ). The micronucleus rates of the low-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly lower than those of the pure irradiation group( F = 26. 74, P < 0. 01 and F = 14. 13, P < 0. 05 ). The micronucleus rates of the highdose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the pure irradiation group ( F =26.74,P =0. 000 and F = 14. 13 ,P =0. 000). The hprt mutation rates at different time points of the pure irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group( F = 6.60, P < 0. 01 and F = 12.83 ,P = 0. 001 ). The hprt mutation rates of the high-dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( F = 6. 60, P < 0. 05 and F = 12.83, P < 0.05 ), but not significantly different from those of the pure irradiation group. However, the hprt mutation rates of the high-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the pure irradiation ( F = 12. 83, P =0. 000) and high-dose cadmium group( F = 6.60,P < 0.05 and F = 12. 83, P < 0.05 ). The hprt mutation rates of the low-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly lower than those of the pure irradiation ( F = 6. 60, P < 0. 05 ) , but not significantly different from those of the control group. Conclusions Chronic exposure to low dose cadmium induces the adaptive response of lymphocytes to radiation. The cadmium in blood at the level of 613-678 μg/L induces leukocytosis and chronic exposure to high dose cadmium combined with irradiation leads to increased genotoxicity of lymphocytes.     

γ射线照射后小鼠CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的变化及其意义

目的 观察γ射线照射对小鼠CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Tregs)亚群的影响,探讨辐射诱发的免疫损伤作用机制.方法 C57BL/6小鼠经6 Gy γ射线照射后1～28 d取胸腺、脾脏称重并计算脏器系数,测量外周血WBC总数,流式细胞仪检测外周血和脾脏CD4+T细胞、Tregs细胞亚群的变化.结果 照射后1 d,胸腺和脾脏系数即明显下降,7 d降至最低,至照后28 d仍未恢复到对照组水平.WBC于照后1～7 d持续降至最低,14 d开始恢复,至28 d仍显著低于对照组.外周血CD4+T细胞在照后1 d-过性降低后逐渐增高,照后28 d基本接近对照水平;脾脏CD4+T细胞在照后7 d虽略有降低,但在14和28 d基本维持在对照水平.外周血Tregs细胞在照后1 d即开始升高,7 d达峰值,14和28 d仍明显高于对照组;脾脏Tregs于照后1 d即显著增至最高,而后缓慢降低,至照后28 d出现有统计学意义的降低(t=2.731,P＜0.05).结论 小鼠经6 Gy γ射线全身照射后胸腺和脾脏免疫组织严重受损,免疫细胞数量减少;而具有免疫抑制作用的Tregs细胞比例照后明显增高,揭示该亚群与辐射所致的小鼠免疫功能受抑和免疫调节失衡密切相关.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effect of γ-ray irradiation on CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs),and to investigate the mechanism of immune injury induced by irradiation.Methods The thymus and spleen of C57BL/6 mice were taken and weighted 1-28 d after γ-ray irradiation,and the organ coefficients were calculated.The amount of mouse peripheral WBC measured,CD4 + T cells and Tregs in peripheral and splenic were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results Coefficients of mouse thymus and spleen decreased significantly 1 d post irradiation,and reached to the bottom at 7 d.Coefficients did not recover to control level 28 d after radiation.Peripheral WBC continuously decreased and reached the bottom at 7 d,and did not recover to control level up to 28 d postirradiation.Peripheral CD4 + T lymphocyte temporally reduced at 1 d,while it increased at 7 d,and it approached to control level at 28 d after radiation.Splenic CD4 + T cells slightly reduced at 7 d however,they basically maintained as the same level as control 14 d and 28 d after radiation.Peripheral Tregs ascended at 1 d and reached the peak at 7 d,and reduced at 14 d and 28 d postirradiation,although they still were significantly higher than those of control group.At the same time,splenic Tregs increased significantly and achieved peak value at 1 d,and then gradually decreased and reached the minimum at 28 d after irradiation,which were significantly lower than those of control group( t =2.731,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Mouse thymus and spleen were injured severely,and the number of immunocytes decreased after 6 Gy whole body γ-ray irradiation.However,Tregs with immunosuppressive action increased significantly postirradiation,revealing that Tregs were closely correlated with immune function depression and immunomodulation imbalance induced by ionizing radiation.     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对急性辐射损伤小鼠中枢及外周血淋巴细胞亚群重建的影响

目的 观察粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)对急性辐射损伤小鼠中枢及外周血淋巴细胞亚群重建的影响.方法 雌性BALB/c小鼠60只经6 Gy照射后随机分为照射组、G-CSF+照射组.G-CSF+照射组小鼠给与重组人G-CSF 100μg·kg-1·d-1皮下注射,连续14 d,照射组小鼠给与等体积磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)皮下注射,连续14 d,另设空白对照组小鼠20只.照后7、14、21和28d颈部脱臼处死小鼠,取出胸腺制成单个核细胞悬液,使用流式细胞仪检测胸腺CD4+CD8+、CD4+CD8-、CD4-CD8+、CD4-CD8-细胞亚群的比例.使用全血细胞计数仪进行外周血白细胞计数及淋巴细胞绝对值测定,流式细胞仪检测照后14、28、60 d外周血淋巴细胞亚群比例,CCK-8法检测脂多糖(LPS)、刀豆蛋白A(ConA)刺激后脾脏淋巴细胞增殖指数.结果 照后7 d胸腺CD4+CD8+细胞比例降至最低,14 d出现反弹,21 d再次下降,以后逐渐恢复.照后28 d G-CSF+照射组CD4+CD8+细胞比例恢复正常并高于照射组(t=12.22,P＜0.05).照后21 d G-CSF+照射组CD4-CD8+细胞比例亦明显高于照射组(t=3.77,P＜0.05).照后7 d外周血白细胞及淋巴细胞绝对值降至最低,照后14和60 d,G-CSF+照射组CD3+CD8+T细胞比例明显高于照射组(t=4.31,5.78,P＜0.05),但两组间CD3+CD4+T细胞比例在各时间点无明显差异.G-CSF+照射组B淋巴细胞比例在照后14 d明显低于照射组(t=7.3,P＜0.05),但很快恢复,照后28和60 d两组B淋巴细胞比例差异无统计学意义.照后14 d,G-CSF+照射组脾脏淋巴细胞对LPS、ConA刺激的增殖指数分别为照射组的4.37和2.98倍.结论 G-CSF可促进照后胸腺细胞亚群的恢复,提高外周血淋巴细胞数量,调节外周血淋巴细胞亚群比例,提高淋巴细胞增殖功能,促进急性辐射损伤后中枢及外周免疫重建.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human granulocyte colonystimulating factor(G-CSF) on central and peripheral lymphocyte subset reconstitution after a sublethal dose of irradiation. Methods Sixty female BALB/c mice were given a 6.0 Gy γ-ray total body irradiation (TBI) and randomly divided into 2 equal groups. The mice in G-CSF + TBI group were injected subcutaneously with recombinant human G-CSF 100 μg·kg-1·d-1 for 14 d and the mice in TBI group were injected subcutaneously with the same volume of phosphate buffered solution (PBS) once daily for 14 d. 7,14,21, and 28 d later the mice were killed and their thymus were taken out to prepare of the mononuclear cell suspension to analysis the percentage of thymic CD4 + CD8 + double positive, CD4 +CD8 - single positive, CD4 - CD8 + single positive and CD4 - CD8 - double negtive cells by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the caudal vein twice a week, and the white blood cell(WBC) counts and absolute number of lymphocytes were assessed by automatic hemocyte analyzer. 14,28, and 60 d later blood samples were collected from angular vein to examine the peripheral lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A (ConA) stimulated splenic lymphocyte proliferation. Results The percentage of thymic CD4 + CD8 +double positive cells decreased 7 d after irradiation, rebounded at 14 d, decreased again at 21 d, and then got a permanent recovery. 28 d after irradiation the percentage of thymic CD4 + CD8 + double positive cells in the G-CSF + TBI group recovered to normal and was significantly higher than that of the TBI group (t =12. 22, P < 0. 05). 21d after irradiation the percentage of thymic CD4-CD8 + single positive cells of the G-CSF + TBI group was significantly higher than that of the TBI group (t = 3.77, P < 0. 05). The peripheral WBCs and lymphocytes decreased to the lowest levels 7 d after irradiation and then gradually increased, however, WBCs and lymphoeytes of the G-CSF + TBI group began to recover earlier and faster than the TBI group. The proportion of CD3 + CD8 + T cells of the G-CSF + TBI group was significantly higher than that of the TBI group 14 and 60 d after irradiation (t =4. 31,5.78, P <0.05). But there was no significant difference in the proportion of CD3 + CD4 + T cells between the two groups. The proportion of B lymphoeytes of the G-CSF + TBI group was significantly lower than that of the TBI group 14 d after irradiation(t =7.30, P <0.05), but it recovered quickly, and there were no significant differences in the proportion of B lymphoeytes between the two groups 28 and 60 d after irradiation. The proliferation indexes of splenic lymphocytes in response to LPS and ConA in the G-CSF + TBI group were 4. 37 and 2.98 times higher than those in the TBI group 14 d after irradiation. Conclusions G-CSF could accelerate the recovery of central and peripheral lymphocyte subsets, raise the absolute number of lymphocytes, and enhance their proliferative function, which contributes to the central and peripheral immune reconstitution after acute irradiation.     

Lack of dose rate modification (0.0049 vs. 0.12 Gy/min) of fission-neutron-induced neoplastic transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells.

Clonogenic survival and neoplastic transformation of asynchronous cultures of C3H/10T1/2 cells were used to assay the effect of dose protraction of reactor-produced fission neutrons. Cells were exposed to eight neutron doses ranging from 0.05 to 0.9 Gy delivered at 11.7 or at 0.49 cGy/min. For each dose level, high and low dose rate irradiations were performed on the same day. At each dose a similar effectiveness of fission neutron irradiation at high or low dose rates was measured for both cell survival and transformation. The combined high and low dose-rate data were analysed by two- or three-parameter models. Depending on the model used, values of the effectiveness per unit dose derived as parameters of linear terms of the respective dose-response curves were 0.9-1.2 Gy-1 for clonogenic survival and 5-8 x 10(-4) Gy-1 for neoplastic transformation. It is concluded that the modification of fission neutron dose-response curves by dose rate is negligible or absent in the range of doses and dose rates examined, in contrast to results with other sources of fission or fast neutrons.     

Changes of the peripheral blood picture after combined neutron and gamma irradiation

Changes of the peripheral blood picture of rats irradiated with a single dose of 2 Gy of neutrons were followed in comparison with a group of rats irradiated with a single dose of 2 Gy of neutrons followed by continuous gamma irradiation (daily dose rate 0.574 Gy, total dose 6 Gy). The decisive factor for the organism damage was the single 2 Gy neutron dose. The subsequent continuous gamma irradiation retarded the reparation of the peripheral blood elements.     

胞质分裂阻滞微核法对辐射事故受照射人员的生物剂量估算

目的 探讨胞质分裂阻滞微核(CBMN)分析在估算辐射事故受照射者的生物剂量中的应用价值.方法 2008年山西太原辐射事故发生后16 h收集5名受照射者(1、2、3、4和5号)的外周血及I号的骨髓,进行CBMN分析,以微核(MN)频率估算生物剂量.对较严重的受照射者(1号)结合体外"co 1射线大剂量照射实验获得的核分裂...