颈椎后路单开门联合椎间孔切开术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化的疗效分析

目的 :探讨颈椎后路单开门联合椎间孔切开术在治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化中临床疗效。方法 :对2011年9月至2015年9月收治的45例颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者进行回顾性研究,其中男26例,女19例;年龄28~71岁,平均53.6岁;24例采用后路单开门椎管扩大成形联合椎间孔切开术治疗(联合椎间孔切开组),21例采用单纯后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗(单纯单开门组)。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血、C_5神经麻痹及轴性症状发生情况;观察两组患者手术前后的JOA评分并计算神经功能改善率;分析两组患者的NDI评分及颈椎Cobb角的变化。结果:两组患者术后均获得随访,时间12~24个月,其中联合椎间孔切开组平均随访时间为(14.3±2.8)个月,单纯单开门组为(13.7±3.1)个月,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者在手术时间、术中出血方面差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后JOA评分较术前均明显提高(P0.05),但两组改善率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时联合椎间孔切开组和单纯单开门组的NDI评分分别为13.6±1.8和16.1±2.4,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);C_5神经麻痹发生率分别为4.2%(1/24),28.6%(6/21),两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);轴性症状发生率分别为8.3%(2/24),9.5%(2/21),两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时两组患者的颈椎Cobb角与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),组间比较差异也无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:颈椎后路单开门扩大椎管成形联合椎间孔切开术不仅能够充分的解除脊髓压迫,亦可扩大椎间孔,松解受压神经根,缓解根性症状,同时在预防C_5神经根麻痹等并发症的出现亦取得了良好的效果,是一种治疗伴有神经根症状的颈椎后纵韧带骨化症有效方法。     

颈椎前路椎间融合术与人工椎间盘置换术联合椎间融合术治疗连续双节段颈椎病的中长期疗效对比

目的 :比较前路颈椎椎间融合术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)与颈前路人工椎间盘置换联合颈椎椎间融合(Hybrid手术)治疗连续双节段颈椎病的中长期疗效。方法:回顾性分析2007年1月~2012年3月在我科行ACDF及Hybrid手术治疗的连续双节段颈椎病患者,资料完整且随访时间60个月者共68例,其中ACDF 39例(ACDF组),Hybrid手术29例(Hybrid组),两组患者年龄、性别构成比、随访时间、手术节段等均无统计学差异。比较两组术前及末次随访时的JOA评分、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、颈椎整体活动度、C2-C7颈椎曲度、相邻节段活动度、相邻节段退变情况等。结果:两组患者手术时间、出血量和术后引流量均无统计学差异;末次随访时的JOA、NDI及VAS评分均较同组术前有显著性改善(P0.05),两组间同时间点比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。末次随访时根据Odom标准,Hybrid组的优良率为93.1%,ACDF组为92.3%,两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05);两组C2-C7曲度较术前均有所恢复,Hybrid组较ACDF组改善更好(P0.05);Hybrid组整体颈椎活动度及相邻节段活动度较术前无明显差异(P0.05),ACDF组颈椎活动度较术前明显降低(P0.05)、相邻节段活动度明显增加(P0.05);颈椎X线片评估相邻节段退变发生率无统计学差异(Hybrid组17.2%vs ACDF组20.5%,P0.05);末次随访时Hybrid组人工间盘置换节段异位骨化发生率为34.5%(10/29),其中Mobi-C假体发生率为41.2%(5/12),Pro Disc-C假体发生率为29.4%(5/17)。结论 :Hybrid手术治疗双节段颈椎病5年以上随访临床疗效及安全有效性与ACDF相当,但Hybrid手术可以更好地重建颈椎曲度,减少邻近节段代偿性活动的同时保持颈椎活动度。     

交感型颈椎病患者颈椎不稳定的X线测量

目的:探讨颈椎过屈、过伸侧位X线片在交感型颈椎病诊断中的应用及意义。方法:应用游标卡尺和测角仪测量了30例交感型颈椎病患者和30例正常人的过屈、过伸侧位X线片,将C2/3、C3/4、C4/5、C5/6角位移和椎体间滑移分别进行统计、分析和对比。结果:在过伸、过屈位片上交感型颈椎病患者与正常人比较,C4/5、C5/6间角位移和C3/4、C4/5、C5/6椎体间滑移显著增大(P<0.05)。结论:交感型颈椎病颈椎不稳定好发于C4/5,其次是C5/6、C3/4节段,过伸、过屈位片角位移和椎体间滑移在交感型颈椎病的诊断中意义更大,根据本组数据可推算出引起交感神经症状颈椎不稳的X线诊断标准。     

不同类型颈椎病患者颈伸肌肌容量与颈椎矢状位参数的差异及相关性研究

目的 :探讨不同类型颈椎病患者之间颈伸肌肌容量与颈椎矢状位序列的差异及相关性。方法 :回顾性分析2016年5月～2018年7月就诊于北京大学国际医院的颈椎病患者563例,其中男性304例,女性259例,平均年龄53.3±19.6岁,根据颈椎病的类型分为A组(脊髓型颈椎病,n=208)、B组(神经根型颈椎病,n=194)和C组(颈型颈椎病,以轴性症状为主且无神经受压的临床症状或体征,n=161)。所有患者行颈椎MRI及颈椎侧位X线片检查。通过PACS (picture archiving and communication systems)系统在颈椎侧位X线片上测量颈椎矢状位参数序列:C2-7 Cobb角、C0-2 Cobb角、C7斜率(C7 slope,C7S)和C2-7矢状垂直轴(C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,C2-7 SVA)。通过Image J软件对MRI轴位像上C3～7上终板水平浅层颈伸肌截面积(superficial extensor area,SEA)、深层颈伸肌截面积(deep extensor area,DEA)与相应颈椎椎体截面积(vertebra body area,VBA)的比值进行了测量和分析,以SEA/VBA及DEA/VBA作为颈伸肌肌容量。采用ANOVA单因素方差分析对组间矢状位参数,颈伸肌肌容量进行对比(组间两两对比采用Games-Howell法),采用Pearson相关性分析对颈伸肌肌容量与矢状位参数关联性进行分析。结果:C2-7 Cobb角A组(8.64°±6.19°)显著低于B组(12.55°±6.27°,P0.05)及C组(13.08°±5.77°,P0.05);C7S A组(28.09°±10.16°)显著高于B组(22.26°±7.55°,P0.05)及C组(21.63°±8.96°,P0.01);C2-7 SVA A组(21.77±12.38mm)显著高于B组(17.80±10.82mm,P0.05)及C组(15.54±6.82mm,P0.01)。SEA/DEA比值各组之间无显著统计学差异,A组患者DEA/VBA比值明显低于B、C组(P0.05),其中以C3-5水平差异最为显著(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示A组C3 DEA/VBA比值与C2-7 SVA (r=-0.379,P0.05)及C7S (r=-0.311,P0.05)呈弱负相关,C4水平DEA/VBA比值与C2-7 SVA (r=-0.478,P0.01)及C7S(r=-0.466,P0.01)呈中度负相关,而SEA/VBA比值与矢状位参数未表现出显著统计学相关性。结论:脊髓型颈椎病患者的颈椎矢状位序列较其他类型颈椎病表现出显著的失平衡改变,脊髓型颈椎病患者的深层颈伸肌体积显著低于其他类型的颈椎病,深层颈伸肌近头端附着区域的体积与C2-7 SVA及C7S之间存在一定程度的负相关性。     

索利那新治疗尿急及急迫性尿失禁的有效性和安全性分析

和23.04 ml,组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P=0.54,P=0.29).试验组和对照组不良反应总发生率分别为11.7%(14/120)和23.5%(27/115),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中主要不良反应口干发生率分别为5.8%和10.4%(P<0.05). 结论 索利那新治疗尿急和急迫性尿失禁等OAB症状安全有效.     

前路减压椎间桥形融合器ROI-C置入治疗连续双节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效对比

目的 :比较颈椎前路减压椎间桥形融合器ROI-C置入与传统钛板联合cage融合固定治疗连续双节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月~2012年12月我科行颈椎前路减压应用ROI-C或传统钛板联合cage融合固定治疗的连续双节段脊髓型颈椎病患者57例,25例患者采用ROI-C作为内置物(A组),32例患者采用cage和前路钛板作为内置物(B组),两组患者年龄、性别比、术前JOA评分、术前颈痛VAS评分及手术节段均无统计学差异。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后JOA评分、术后颈痛VAS评分、颈椎生理曲度(Cobb角)、手术节段前凸角、融合率、吞咽困难发生率及邻近节段退变率。结果:A组手术时间141.3±49.9min,术中出血量123.6±54.1ml,B组分别为168.3±44.4min和126.2±32.6ml,A组手术时间低于B组(P0.05),两组术中出血量相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3个月及末次随访时,两组JOA评分均显著高于术前水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组颈痛VAS评分较术前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组间同时间点JOA及VAS均无显著性差异(P0.05)。A组术前、末次随访时颈椎生理曲度分别为12.6°±7.3°、21.9°±6.2°;B组分别为14.3°±9.3°、19.6°±7.3°,两组末次随访时颈椎曲度较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组间同时间点差异无显著性(P0.05)。A组术前、末次随访时手术节段前凸角分别为3.4°±5.6°、9.6°±5.5°;B组分别为4.4°±4.3°、9.1°±4.1°,两组手术节段术后前凸角较术前明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组间同时间点比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。A组术后有2例诉轻度吞咽困难,吞咽困难发生率8%(2/25),B组术后有10例诉轻度吞咽困难,1例诉中度吞咽困难,吞咽困难发生率34.4%(11/32),两组吞咽困难发生率相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组术后3个月手术节段融合率88%(22/25),B组术后3个月手术节段融合率87.5%(28/32),末次随访两组手术节段均获得骨性愈合。A组50个邻近节段中有6个节段椎间盘信号发生退变或退变级别加重,B组64个邻近节段中有8个节段椎间盘信号发生退变或退变级别加重,两组邻近节段退变率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:颈椎前路减压后应用ROI-C固定治疗连续双节段脊髓型颈椎病可以获得与传统cage联合前路钛板固定相似的临床疗效,但使用ROI-C置入具有手术时间短、术后吞咽困难率低等优点。     

颈椎后路单、双开门椎管成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床比较

目的分析比较颈椎后路单、双开门椎管成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法回顾2003-09-2009-06收治的50例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,其中28例行颈椎后路单开门椎管成形术,作为A组;22例行颈椎后路双开门椎管成形术,作为B组。对两组患者术前及术后2年的JOA评分改善率、轴性症状严重程度、颈椎活动度进行评估比较。结果 JOA评分改善率A组(52.0±21.4)%,B组为(52.7±19.8)%,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.970>0.05)。A组术后有明显轴性症状患者的比例为42.9%,B组为36.4%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.642>0.05)。颈椎活动度A组平均丢失3.9°,B组平均丢失3.6°,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.492>0.05)。结论颈椎后路双开门椎管成形术比单开门椎管成形术的轴性症状发生率及颈椎活动丢失率更低。但两者间的差异无统计学意义。术者可以根据不同的适应证及术者自身的熟练程度来采用不同开门方法。     

内镜下微创颈椎管成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的可行性观察

目的探讨内镜下微创颈椎管成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的可行性。方法收集2011-01-2016-02我院收治的82例脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料,按手术方式分为A(内镜下微创颈椎管成形术,n=40)、B组(颈后路单开门术,n=42),比较两组手术效果,评定其脊髓功能的改善,观察患者颈椎活动度的变化,统计手术并发症。结果 (1)两组脊髓功能改善率对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)术后3个月、6个月、12个月,A组轴性症状评分均低于B组,对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)术后6、12个月,B组颈椎曲率(CCI)、颈椎活动度(ROM)均降低(P0.05),A组术后6、12个月CCI、ROM均高于B组(P0.05)。(4)A组手术并发症发生率低于B组(P0.05)。结论内镜下微创颈椎管成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病安全可行,可促进患者脊髓功能恢复,且患者轴性症状发生风险低,颈椎活动度稳定,手术并发症发生率低。     

爱普列特治疗良性前列腺增生临床疗效观察

目的:研究观察爱普列特治疗BPH的疗效和安全性.方法:60例患者分为两组,试验组30例,服用爱普列特每天两次,每次5 mg,对照组30例,服用保列治每天一次,每次5 mg,疗程6个月.结果:给药3个月后,爱普列特和保列治有效率分别为56.7%和60.0%,6个月后有效率分别为86.7%和90.0%,两组相比均差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).不良反应发生率爱普列特组为10.0%(3/30),保列治组为13.3%(4/30),两者相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:爱普列特可明显改善BPH患者临床症状,不良反应发生率低,疗效和耐受性与保列治类似,是一种安全有效的治疗BPH的药物.     

颈椎生理曲度异常对颈椎病发病作用的病例对照研究

目的:探讨颈椎生理曲度异常对颈椎病发病的作用,为颈椎病的临床诊治提供思路。方法:研究设颈椎病和无颈椎病两组,其中颈椎病组(来源于2006年3月至2008年12月曙光医院骨伤科门诊患者)333例,男119例,女214例;平均年龄(48.11±12.21)岁。无颈椎病组受试者73例(来源于上海中医药大学在校大学生、曙光医院研究生及进修生、部分社区人员),男18例,女55例;平均年龄(45.99±11.47)岁。对两组受试者的颈椎侧位X线片进行颈椎生理曲度观测,比较两组中颈椎生理曲度异常的发生率的差异性,并对两组颈椎生理曲度异常改变的临床特点进行分析。结果:与无颈椎病组相比,颈椎病组患者颈椎生理曲度异常发生率高达95.50%(318/333),二者之间具有统计学差异(P=0.0000.01);且颈椎病组颈椎生理曲度异常形式较复杂和多样化,其中颈椎生理曲度减小占23.12%(77/333),变直占40.84%(136/333),增大占0.60%(2/333),反弓占12.01%(40/333),S形占4.20%(14/333),反S形占2.70%(9/333),上曲下直(以C4为分界点)占4.50%(15/333),上直下曲(以C4为分界点)占7.51%(25/333)。结论:颈椎生理曲度异常是各型颈椎病早期X线征象,且颈椎生理曲度异常形式较复杂和多样化,临床不能笼统称之为"颈椎生理曲度异常",而应重视颈椎生理曲度异常分型的研究,这将对颈椎病的临床诊治具有指导意义。     

Anterior cervical foramenotomy for cervical radiculopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is standard practice for cervical radiculopathy. Irrespective of the precise method used, it involves more or less complete disc removal with resultant anatomical and biomechanical derangements, and frequently the insertion of a bone or prosthetic graft. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is an alternative procedure that allows effective anterior decompression of the nerve root and lateral spinal cord, whilst conserving the native disc, preserving normal anatomy and movement, and protecting against later degeneration at adjacent spaces as far as possible. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical foramenotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and took the form of a prospective study of 21 cases under the care of a single surgeon. All patients had a single level or two level anterior cervical foramenotomy. All had pre- and postoperative visual analogue scores for arm and neck pain, arm strength, sensation and overall use. A comparison between patients' perceptions and surgeon's observations was also made. Patients were followed up for between 10 and 36 months. Sixty-eight per cent completed full pre- and postoperative assessments. Twenty-eight per cent of the responders had complete arm pain resolution. There were statistically significant reductions in arm and neck pain, and overall disability. The surgeon's impression of improvement paralleled that of the patients. There was one complication with discitis. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is a safe and effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy caused by posterolateral cervical disc prolapse or uncovertebral osteophyte, and might also reduce adjacent segment degeneration.     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

Alternating cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We present a novel method of performing an 'open-door' cervical laminoplasty. The complete laminotomy is sited on alternate sides at successive levels, thereby allowing the posterior arch to be elevated to alternate sides. Foraminotomies can be carried out on either side to relieve root compression. The midline structures are preserved. We undertook this procedure in 23 elderly patients with a spondylotic myelopathy. Each was assessed clinically and radiologically before and after their operation. Follow-up was for a minimum of three years (mean 4.5 years; 3 to 7). Using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the mean pre-operative score was 8.1 (6 to 10), which improved post-operatively to a mean of 12.7 (11 to 14). The mean percentage improvement was 61% (50% to 85.7%) after three years. The canal/vertebral body ratio improved from a mean of 0.65 (0.33 to 0.73) pre-operatively to 0.94 (0.5 to 1.07) postoperatively. Alternating cervical laminoplasty can be performed safely in elderly patients with minimal morbidity and good results.     

微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：探讨微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病的有效性。方法：2008年7月~2010年7月12例单侧神经根型颈椎病患者在延边大学医院接受微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术。其中男7例,女5例,年龄为35~68岁,平均49岁。椎间孔狭窄部位：C5/6 4例,C6/7 5例,C7/T1 3例。软性髓核突出3例,钩椎关节骨质增生7例,突出的髓核钙化2例。均行前路手术,术中采用脊柱手术专用显微镜,在病变上位椎体确定钻孔起始部位,利用高速钻石气钻磨出一约6mm直径的通路达到病变区域,减压椎间孔。观察术前及末次随访时上肢放射性疼痛的VAS评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）及病变水平椎间盘高度。结果：手术时间为56~110min,平均86±6min;术中失血量为40~120ml,平均92±8ml。无椎动脉损伤、贺纳氏综合征、喉返神经损伤等并发症。术后随访时间为12~23个月,平均15.8±1.3个月。术前上肢疼痛VAS评分为8.5±0.5分（7~10分）,末次随访时为1.4±0.2分（0~3分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）;术前NDI为26.4±1.3分（22~31分）,末次随访时为4.2±0.6分（3~8分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）,改善率为84.1%;术前病变水平椎间盘高度为5.4±0.7mm（4.2~6.1mm）,末次随访时为4.9±0.7mm（3.6~5.8mm）,两者比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后满意度为100%。结论：微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术可减少对椎间盘的损伤,是治疗单侧神经根型颈椎病的有效手术方法。     

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for cervical radiculopathy--results and review

Analysis of anterior cervical microforaminotomy performed at the North Staffordshire University Hospital along with a review of literature of this minimally invasive procedure is presented. METHODS: A retrospective-prospective study was performed on 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with cervical disc disease who had been surgically treated with anterior cervical microforaminotomy between 1999 and 2005. Age ranged from 37 to 75. MRI findings were disc prolapse in 28 and additional osteophytes in six. Microforaminotomy was performed according to the published technique. RESULTS: Single level operations were performed in 22 patients (21 unilateral, 1 bilateral) and multi-level operations were performed in 12 patients (7 unilateral and 5 bilateral). The short-term outcomes were excellent in 65% (i.e., complete resolution of all symptoms), good in 29% (relief of radiculopathy but some non-radicular discomfort persists), and fair in 6% (mild residual radiculopathy with or without non-radicular symptoms). Postoperative complications include one patient with partial C6 root damage, which was identified intraoperatively, but had excellent results at 2 months post operation. Long-term follow-up (using the cervical spine research society questionnaire) ranged from 2-48 months. The average pain score, neurological outcome and functional outcome improved after this operation. RE-OPERATION: One patient, who had 2 level bilateral surgeries, needed discectomies with fusion for new onset myelopathy 18 months later. CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection is cardinal in achieving good outcome in anterior microforaminotomy.     

前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术与动态装置植入术治疗单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症

目的 对比前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)与颈椎前路动态装置植入术(DCI)对单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症(CDH)患者颈椎活动度(ROM)及术后颈椎曲度的影响.方法 回顾性分析2018年6月—2019年9月海军军医大学长征医院收治的78例单节段CDH患者临床资料,其中42例采用ACDF治疗(ACDF组),36例采用DC...     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.