固定铅门模式下容积旋转调强放疗与动态调强放疗在乳腺癌根治术后放疗中的比较

目的:探讨固定铅门模式下乳腺癌根治术后放疗中容积旋转调强放疗（VMAT）与动态调强放疗（dIMRT）的剂量学差异及技术特点。 方法:选取左、右侧根治术后乳腺癌患者各10例,使用Raystation 4.7.5治疗计划系统制定VMAT计划和Eclipse 11.0治疗计划系统制定7野dIMRT计划,两种计划均采用合适的固定铅门技术,靶区处方剂量为50 Gy/25 F。比较两种计划的剂量学差异、机器跳数、治疗出束时间以及剂量验证γ通过率。 结果:VMAT计划的靶区最大剂量、平均剂量、均匀性指数均优于dIMRT计划,前者剂量均匀性显著提升,且靶区内无剂量热点;两种计划的最小剂量、适形指数、靶区覆盖率基本相近（P>0.05）。主要危及器官双肺、心脏等的整体受照剂量VMAT计划明显低于dIMRT,尤其患侧肺的低剂量照射体积V5、V20及心脏的V30显著降低;正常组织的整体受量VMAT计划偏高。VMAT计划单次照射的机器跳数比dIMRT平均减少了59%,治疗出束时间平均减少了60%。两种计划的γ通过率均满足治疗要求（>95%）。 结论:两种技术均能满足临床处方要求,但VMAT技术具有更大的优势,其靶区剂量均匀性更好,可明显降低主要危及器官的整体受照剂量,尤其降低肺的低剂量照射体积,且显著减少机器跳数,缩短治疗时间。     

Radiobiological characterization of post-lumpectomy focal brachytherapy with lipid nanoparticle-carried radionuclides

Post-operative radiotherapy has commonly been used for early stage breast cancer to treat residual disease. The primary objective of this work was to characterize, through dosimetric and radiobiological modeling, a novel focal brachytherapy technique which uses direct intracavitary infusion of β-emitting radionuclides (186Re/188Re) carried by lipid nanoparticles (liposomes). Absorbed dose calculations were performed for a spherical lumpectomy cavity with a uniformly injected activity distribution using a dose point kernel convolution technique. Radiobiological indices were used to relate predicted therapy outcome and normal tissue complication of this technique with equivalent external beam radiotherapy treatment regimens. Modeled stromal damage was used as a measure of the inhibition of the stimulatory effect on tumor growth driven by the wound healing response. A sample treatment plan delivering 50 Gy at a therapeutic range of 2.0 mm for 186Re-liposomes and 5.0 mm for 188Re-liposomes takes advantage of the dose delivery characteristics of the β-emissions, providing significant EUD (58.2 Gy and 72.5 Gy for 186Re and 188Re, respectively) with a minimal NTCP (0.046%) of the healthy ipsilateral breast. Modeling of kidney BED and ipsilateral breast NTCP showed that large injected activity concentrations of both radionuclides could be safely administered without significant complications.     

Potential for dose-escalation and reduction of risk in pancreatic cancer using IMRT optimization with lexicographic ordering and gEUD-based cost functions

Radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer is limited by the tolerance of local organs at risk (OARs) and frequent overlap of the planning target volume (PTV) and OAR volumes. Using lexicographic ordering (LO), a hierarchical optimization technique, with generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) cost functions, we studied the potential of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to increase the dose to pancreatic tumors and to areas of vascular involvement that preclude surgical resection [surgical boost volume (SBV)]. We compared 15 forward planned three-dimensional conformal (3DCRT) and IMRT treatment plans for locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer. We created IMRT plans optimized using LO with gEUD-based cost functions that account for the contribution of each part of the resulting inhomogeneous dose distribution. LO-IMRT plans allowed substantial PTV dose escalation compared with 3DCRT; median increase from 52 Gy to 66 Gy (a=-5,p<0.005) and median increase from 50 Gy to 59 Gy (a=-15,p<0.005). LO-IMRT also allowed increases to 85 Gy in the SBV, regardless of a value, along with significant dose reductions in OARs. We conclude that LO-IMRT with gEUD cost functions could allow dose escalation in pancreas tumors with concomitant reduction in doses to organs at risk as compared with traditional 3DCRT.     

Eight-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer

In 1985 we presented results of a randomized trial involving 1843 women followed for five years that indicated that segmental breast resection (lumpectomy) followed by breast irradiation is appropriate therapy for patients with Stage I or II breast cancer (tumor size, less than or equal to 4 cm), provided that the margins of the resected specimens are free of tumor. Women with positive axillary nodes received adjuvant chemotherapy. Lumpectomy followed by irradiation resulted in a five-year survival rate of 85 percent, as compared with 76 percent for total mastectomy, a rate of survival free of distant disease of 76 percent, as compared with 72 percent, and a disease-free survival rate of 72 percent, as compared with 66 percent. In the current study, we have extended our observations through eight years of follow-up. Ninety percent of the women treated with breast irradiation after lumpectomy remained free of ipsilateral breast tumor, as compared with 61 percent of those not treated with irradiation after lumpectomy (P less than 0.001). Among patients with positive axillary nodes, only 6 percent of those treated with radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy had a recurrence of tumor in the ipsilateral breast. Lumpectomy with or without irradiation of the breast resulted in rates of disease-free survival (58 +/- 2.6 percent), distant-disease-free survival (65 +/- 2.6 percent), and overall survival (71 +/- 2.6 percent) that were not significantly different from those observed after total mastectomy (54 +/- 2.4 percent, 62 +/- 2.3 percent, and 71 +/- 2.4 percent, respectively). There was no significant difference in the rates of distant-disease-free survival (P = 0.2) or survival (P = 0.3) among the women who underwent lumpectomy (with or without irradiation), despite the greater incidence of recurrence of tumor in the ipsilateral breast in those who received no radiation. We conclude that our observations through eight years are consistent with the findings at five years and that these new findings continue to support the use of lumpectomy in patients with Stage I or II breast cancer. We also conclude that irradiation reduces the probability of local recurrence of tumor in patients treated with lumpectomy.     

Recurrence rates after treatment of breast cancer with standard radiotherapy with or without additional radiation.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy prevents local recurrence of breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery. We evaluated the effect of a supplementary dose of radiation to the tumor bed on the rates of local recurrence among patients who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer. METHODS: After lumpectomy and axillary dissection, patients with stage I or II breast cancer received 50 Gy of radiation to the whole breast in 2-Gy fractions over a five-week period. Patients with a microscopically complete excision were randomly assigned to receive either no further local treatment (2657 patients) or an additional localized dose of 16 Gy, usually given in eight fractions by means of an external electron beam (2661 patients). RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 5.1 years, local recurrences were observed in 182 of the 2657 patients in the standard-treatment group and 109 of the 2661 patients in the additional-radiation group. The five-year actuarial rates of local recurrence were 7.3 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6.8 to 7.6 percent) and 4.3 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 3.8 to 4.7 percent), respectively (P<0.001), yielding a hazard ratio for local recurrence of 0.59 (99 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.81) associated with an additional dose. Patients 40 years old or younger benefited most; at five years, their rate of local recurrence was 19.5 percent with standard treatment and 10.2 percent with additional radiation (hazard ratio, 0.46 [99 percent confidence interval, 0.23 to 0.89]; P=0.002). At five years in the age group 41 to 50 years old, no differences were found in rates of metastasis or overall survival (which were 87 and 91 percent, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with early breast cancer who undergo breast-conserving surgery and receive 50 Gy of radiation to the whole breast, an additional dose of 16 Gy of radiation to the tumor bed reduces the risk of local recurrence, especially in patients younger than 50 years of age.     

乳腺癌螺旋断层放射治疗与调强放射治疗的剂量学研究与临床剂量实测比较

目的:利用螺旋断层放射治疗技术与传统医用直线加速器对乳腺癌放疗中重要正常组织与靶区剂量-体积参数进行剂量学比较。同时,在剂量学研究基础上进行临床实际吸收剂量测量验证各种技术间临床应用的优势与劣势。 方法:选取10例T1N0M0期乳腺癌保乳术后行乳腺靶区放射治疗病人（无锁骨上照射区域）,处方剂量为50 Gy/25次,利用螺旋断层放射治疗定角调强技术、螺旋断层放疗技术与医用直线加速器调强技术,比较乳腺癌靶区剂量和正常组织剂量的优劣。评估靶区剂量与适形度指数（CI）、均匀性指数（HI）和正常组织剂量-体积参数,进行剂量学比较。同时,利用热释光剂量仪在乳腺癌病人表皮进行实测剂量,比较3种技术处理由于病人呼吸运动对表面剂量的影响,及评估时间因素对治疗效率的影响。 结果:10例乳腺癌病人采用定角调强技术、螺旋断层放疗技术与医用直线加速器调强技术PTV HI分别为0.15±0.01、0.06±0.01和0.20±0.15（P<0.001）;CI分别为0.76±0.00、0.81±0.03和0.74±0.04（P>0.05）;心脏平均剂量分别为4.12±0.87、3.82±0.53、6.33±2.49 Gy（P<0.001）,左前降支最大剂量分别为20.38±5.66、13.34±3.78、34.56±4.12 Gy（P<0.001）,患侧肺组织平均剂量分别为6.78±1.33、7.22±2.34、12.76±2.10 Gy（P<0.001）。患者6个实测剂量点的吸收剂量3种技术比较有统计学意义（P<0.001）。 结论:从综合靶区覆盖、正常组织剂量-体积参数、剂量实测与治疗效率等方面比较,螺旋断层放射治疗的定角调强技术相对于其他两种技术而言有低剂量范围小、靶区覆盖佳、解决治疗中呼吸运动影响等优势,推荐使用该技术用于乳腺癌病人放射治疗。     

左侧乳腺癌保乳术后深吸气屏气模式下Hybrid-IMRT和Hybrid-VMAT的剂量学比较

目的:在深吸气屏气（DIBH）模式下比较适形混合调强（Hybrid-IMRT）和适形混合旋转容积调强（Hybrid-VMAT）对左侧乳腺癌保乳术后的剂量学差异,为治疗计划选择提供参考。方法:选取26名左侧乳腺癌保乳术后的患者分别设计Hybrid-IMRT和Hybrid-VMAT计划,通过体积剂量直方图比较两种计划的靶区和危及器官的剂量。结果:Hybrid-VMAT计划PTV的D90、D98及HI优于Hybrid-IMRT计划（P<0.05）。Hybrid-IMRT计划GI优于Hybrid-VMAT计划（P<0.05）,但对于PTV的D2、Dmean及CI,两种计划没有明显差异（P>0.05）。Hybrid-IMRT计划患侧肺V5、V20、V30及Dmean优于Hybrid-VMAT计划（P<0.05）; Hybrid-IMRT计划心脏的V10、Dmean优于Hybrid-VMAT计划（P<0.05）,但V30、V40比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;Hybrid-IMRT计划对侧乳腺Dmean、V5优于Hybrid-VMAT计划（P<0.05）,但Dmax比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两种计划的脊髓剂量均满足临床剂量要求,但Hybrid-IMRT计划的脊髓Dmax低于Hybrid-VMAT计划（P<0.05）。结论:两种混合计划均能满足临床剂量要求,但Hybrid-IMRT计划可以明显降低危及器官的受照剂量。     

不同优化方法在乳腺癌大分割放疗中的剂量学研究

目的:探讨物理函数优化与生物函数优化在乳腺癌大分割放疗计划中的剂量学差异。方法:选择已接受放疗的15例左侧乳腺癌病例,分别对每个病例使用物理函数（DV组）、生物函数-物理函数相结合（DV+EUD组、EUD+DV组）及生物函数（EUD组）优化方法重新进行容积旋转调强放疗计划设计。通过计算与分析各项剂量学参数来评估4组优化方法在乳腺癌大分割放疗中的剂量学差异。结果:含生物函数的优化结果与仅含物理函数的优化结果比较具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。EUD组与EUD+DV组的靶区剂量学结果接近,且靶区EUD与肿瘤控制率明显高于DV组与DV+EUD组。另外,EUD组的患侧肺剂量明显低于其余3组,与DV组和DV+EUD组相比,机器跳数也降低了约16%。结论:生物函数在提高靶区EUD与肿瘤控制率以及保护患侧肺组织方面都具有明显优势,并可提高治疗实施效率。可以使用生物函数优化方法进行乳腺癌计划的优化。     

乳腺癌固定野调强射野数目的研究

目的:在乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗中,通过比较4种不同治疗计划的剂量分布,找出一种靶区覆盖率高、均匀性好、适形度高而正常组织受量少的治疗方式。 方法:随机选取16例乳腺癌根治术后患者制定4、5、6野调强计划（4F-IMRT、5F-IMRT、6F-IMRT）及适形混合调强治疗计划（Hybrid-IMRT）,比较4种不同治疗计划的靶区和危及器官的剂量。 结果:通过数据分析可以得出,Hybrid-IMRT、5F-IMRT和6F-IMRT的CI优于4F-IMRT,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,Hybrid-IMRT、5F-IMRT和6F-IMRT之间统计无差异（P>0.05）;4种计划的HI分别为:4F-IMRT（0.22）、5F-IMRT（0.22）、6F-IMRT（0.21）、Hybrid-IMRT（0.16）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;患侧肺的V5方面,Hybrid-IMRT和4F-IMRT好于5F-IMRT、6F-IMRT,V20方面,Hybrid-IMRT优于其它3种治疗计划（P<0.05）,V30方面,Hybrid-IMRT明显低于4F-IMRT和6F-IMRT（P<0.05）,其余治疗计划之间差异不明显（P>0.05）,Dmean方面,Hybrid-IMRT计划明显高于5F-IMRT和6F-IMRT,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,Hybrid-IMRT和4F-IMRT计划之间统计差异不明显（P>0.05）;4种计划心脏的V30、V40差异无统计学意义,Dmean方面,Hybrid-IMRT和4F-IMRT计划明显低于5F-IMRT和6F-IMRT,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;4种计划脊髓的Dmax之间的差异无统计学意义;在甲状腺的Dmean方面,4F-IMRT不如其它3种计划,有统计学差异（P<0.05）;4种计划的机器跳数平均值,Hybrid-IMRT<5F-IMRT<4F-IMRT<6F-IMRT。 结论:Hybrid-IMRT明显改善靶区剂量分布,不会增加周围正常组织的照射剂量,能够通过剂量验证,可在临床推广。     

全乳腺放射治疗3种照射技术对比

目的评价不同全乳腺放射治疗技术的剂量学优缺点。方法选取乳腺癌保乳术后患者10例,均为女性,年龄25～58岁,中位年龄42岁。用常规切线野、野中野调强、多野调强3种技术设计全乳腺放射治疗计划并进行剂量学对比。结果与常规切线野计划比较,野中野调强计划99%靶区体积含盖剂量从（4640±72）cGy增加到（4753±25）cGy;剂量不均匀指数从1.104±0.017下降到1.060±0.008。常规切线野计划与野中野调强计划在危及器官受量上的差异无统计学意义。野中野调强计划与多野调强计划在靶区剂量分布上的差异无统计学意义;与野中野调强计划比较,多野调强计划中心脏接受高于10Gy剂量的体积（V10）从（13.0±8.5）%增加到（53.3±22.7）%;同侧肺的V10从（25.2±3.4）%增加到（42.7±3.7）%;对侧乳腺、对侧肺、非特异正常组织的V5分别从（1.9±3.1）%增加到（32.6±2.3）%、从0到（18.5±8.3）%、从（9.9±1.0）%到（32.1±3.6）%。结论野中野调强技术较常规切线野技术明显改善靶区剂量分布;在此基础上多野调强技术未能明显进一步改善靶区剂量,但增加正常组织照射。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后不同剂量调强放射治疗疗效比较

目的:分析早期乳腺癌保乳术后不同剂量调强放射治疗效果。方法:接受手术治疗的乳腺癌患者50例,依据不同放射剂量分组:A组放疗总剂量50 Gy,B组放疗总剂量60 Gy,观察两种方案的干预效果及安全性。结果:两组患者在V100%上并无差异,分别为（55.13±6.28）%和（54.26±6.01）%;在V99%、V109%、V115%等比较均存在显著差异（P<0.05）。A组3年复发率12%,高于B组的4%（P<0.05）;A组患者Ⅰ级及以下放射性皮炎发生率44.00%,显著低于B组的72.00%（P<0.05）,两组Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级及以上放射性皮炎发生率无显著差异。结论:早期乳腺癌患者以保乳术作为主要治疗方案,放射疗法属于关键辅助措施,不同剂量影响治疗效果,适当增大剂量有助于提升整体疗效。     

MLC叶片系统误差对鼻咽癌VMAT和IMRT计划剂量影响的比较

【摘要】目的:研究多叶准直器（MLC）叶片系统误差对鼻咽癌容积调强（VMAT）计划和普通调强（IMRT）计划剂量学影响的差异。方法:随机选取20例鼻咽癌患者,分别设计VMAT计划和IMRT计划。通过MATLAB 2009a只修改计划文件中MLC运动叶片的位置,人为引入0.2、0.5、1.0 mm的系统误差,导入治疗计划系统中重新进行剂量计算。对两种调强技术,比较靶区和危及器官生物学剂量（gEUD）受叶片位置误差影响的差异,并研究gEUD差值与叶片误差之间的关系。结果:靶区和危及器官两种计划gEUD的变化差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。PGTV、PTVnd、PTV1、PTV2、脑干、脊髓、左侧腮腺、右侧腮腺等gEUD的变化与叶片误差成线性关系,VMAT计划分别变化为3.6、3.8、4.0、3.0、5.6、5.6、6.8、6.8 %/mm（P<0.001）;IMRT计划分别变化为10.7、10.5、11.2、10.7、16.6、15.0、14.6、14.4 %/mm（P<0.001）。结论:MLC叶片系统误差对VMAT计划剂量的影响比IMRT计划小。为保证PGTV的gEUD变化控制在2%以内,VMAT和IMRT叶片系统误差应分别小于0.6和0.2 mm。     

RapidArc与Novalis Knife在多发脑转移瘤SRS中的剂量学比较

目的:比较基于多叶准直器的RapidArc与基于圆形限光筒的Novalis Knife在多发脑转移瘤立体定向放射外科（SRS）中的剂量学差异。方法:选取10例已进行Novalis Knife治疗的多发脑转移瘤患者（转移瘤3~5个/人）,共37个转移瘤。重新设计单中心、非共面4弧的RapidArc SRS计划,靶区处方剂量统一为16 Gy。比较Novalis Knife计划和RapidArc SRS计划中靶区的剂量适形度指数和均匀性指数、靶区周围剂量梯度指数、正常脑组织等剂量线体积（V16、V12、V9、V6、V3）以及治疗所需的机器跳数。结果:RapidArc SRS计划相较于Novalis Knife计划,适形度指数更接近于1（0.79[±]0.10 vs 0.50[±]0.22, P=0.000）,均匀性指数更接近于0（0.07[±]0.01 vs 0.15[±]0.07, P=0.000）,但靶区周围剂量梯度指数较大（15.92[±]12.43 vs 5.05[±]3.53, P=0.000）。对于正常脑组织等剂量线体积,RapidArc SRS计划中V16明显小于Novalis Knife计划（P=0.005）;两计划的V12、V9无明显差异（P=0.445, 0.059）;而RapidArc SRS计划中V6、V3明显大于Novalis Knife计划（P=0.005, 0.005）。RapidArc SRS计划的机器跳数明显少于Novalis Knife计划（P=0.005）。结论:RapidArc SRS计划通过设置单一治疗等中心可实现颅内多个转移瘤的同步放射外科治疗,具有更高的靶区剂量适形度及均匀性;但靶区周边剂量跌落陡度不及Novalis Knife计划,正常脑组织低剂量受照范围较大。治疗依从性较差的多发脑转移患者可考虑选择治疗效率更高的RapidArc技术,并根据临床实际情况调整剂量分割模式,以减少放射损伤风险。     

Role of the parameters involved in the plan optimization based on the generalized equivalent uniform dose and radiobiological implications

We investigated the role and the weight of the parameters involved in the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) optimization based on the generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) method, for prostate and head-and-neck plans. We systematically varied the parameters (gEUDmax and weight) involved in the gEUD-based optimization of rectal wall and parotid glands. We found that the proper value of weight factor, still guaranteeing planning treatment volumes coverage, produced similar organs at risks dose-volume (DV) histograms for different gEUDmax with fixed a=1. Most of all, we formulated a simple relation that links the reference gEUDmax and the associated weight factor. As secondary objective, we evaluated plans obtained with the gEUD-based optimization and ones based on DV criteria, using the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models. gEUD criteria seemed to improve sparing of rectum and parotid glands with respect to DV-based optimization: the mean dose, the V40 and V50 values to the rectal wall were decreased of about 10%, the mean dose to parotids decreased of about 20-30%. But more than the OARs sparing, we underlined the halving of the OARs optimization time with the implementation of the gEUD-based cost function. Using NTCP models we enhanced differences between the two optimization criteria for parotid glands, but no for rectum wall.     

Predicting radiotherapy-induced cardiac perfusion defects

The purpose of this work is to compare the efficacy of mathematical models in predicting the occurrence of radiotherapy-induced left ventricular perfusion defects assessed using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The basis of this study is data from 73 left-sided breast/ chestwall patients treated with tangential photon fields. The mathematical models compared were three commonly used parametric models [Lyman normal tissue complication probability (LNTCP), relative serialty (RS), generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD)] and a nonparametric model (Linear discriminant analysis--LDA). Data used by the models were the left ventricular dose--volume histograms, or SPECT-based dose-function histograms, and the presence/absence of SPECT perfusion defects 6 months postradiation therapy (21 patients developed defects). For the parametric models, maximum likelihood estimation and F-tests were used to fit the model parameters. The nonparametric LDA model step-wise selected features (volumes/function above dose levels) using a method based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to best separate the groups with and without defects. Optimistic (upper bound) and pessimistic (lower bound) estimates of each model's predictive capability were generated using ROC curves. A higher area under the ROC curve indicates a more accurate model (a model that is always accurate has area = 1). The areas under these curves for different models were used to statistically test for differences between them. Pessimistic estimates of areas under the ROC curve using dose-volume histogram/ dose-function histogram inputs, in order of increasing prediction accuracy, were LNTCP (0.79/0.75), RS (0.80/0.77), gEUD (0.81/0.78), and LDA (0.84/0.86). Only the LDA model benefited from SPECT-based regional functional information. In general, the LDA model was statistically superior to the parametric models. The LDA model selected as features the left ventricular volumes above approximately 23 Gy (V23), essentially volume in field, and 33 Gy (V33), as best separating the groups with and without defects. In conclusion, the nonparametric LDA model appears to be a more accurate predictor of radiotherapy-induced left ventricular perfusion defects than commonly used parametric models.     

乳腺癌保乳术后三种瘤床同期加量放疗技术的剂量学比较

目的：比较乳腺癌保乳术后放疗中不同的瘤床同期加量（SimuRaneous Integrated Boost,SIB）技术剂量学特点,探讨其对靶区和正常组织受照剂量的影响。方法：选择12例接受保乳术的乳腺癌患者．为每例患者设计三种瘤床同期加量的放疗计划：适形野中野x射线瘤床加量计划（FIFx）、适形野中野电子线瘤床加量计划（FIFE）以及适形野加调强野的混合调强（HybridIMRT）计划,靶区PTV1、PTV2的处方剂量分别为50Gy和60Gy。比较各计划中靶区剂量特点和患侧肺、对侧乳腺及心脏受照剂量以及机器跳数的差异。结果：当瘤床深度大于4．5cm时,FIFE计划中PTV：的最小剂量显著降低,剂量均匀性明显变差;HybridIMRT的靶区适形指数明显高于其他两种计划（P〈O．05）,患侧肺及心脏受到的高剂量照射体积明显减少（P〈0．05）,低剂量受照体积在各计划中并无统计学差异;HybridIMRT的机器跳数较FIF_X和FIF_E分别减少43．8％（P〈0．05）和21．8％（P〈O．05）。结论：在乳腺癌保乳术后放疗中,当瘤床深度大于4．5cm时采用电子线进行加量容易造成瘤床深部的剂量不足。采用混合调强的瘤床同期加量技术能提高靶区剂量适形度,并能在不增加患侧肺和心脏低剂量受照体积的条件下显著降低其高剂量受照体积。     

Comparison of two radiation dose schedules in post mastectomy carcinoma of the breast

In 108 histopathologically proved breast cancer patients, after surgical treatment with modified radical mastectomy, two radiation dose schedules have been compared. Radiation therapy was given on a 60Co teletherapy machine using gent pair technique for chest wall irradiation and direct fields for lymphatic drainage areas. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B). 54 patients were given external radiotherapy 40 Gy/17 F/3.2 weeks and remaining 54 patients were given 45 Gy/20 F/4 weeks. Results of treatment in Group A versus Group B were as follows; chest wall failure 5/50(10%) versus 3/54 (5.6%), axillary lymphnods failure 3/50(6%) versus 4/54(7%), distant metastasis 16/50(32%) versus 15/54(28%). Radiation reactions were almost similar in both the groups. Skin reactions were most common radiation effects [45/50 (90%) in Group A and 43/54 (79.6% in Group B]. Thus no statistically significant difference in local control and efficacy of these two radiation dose schedules was observed in postmastectomy carcinoma of the breast.     

Accelerated partial breast irradiation

Whole breast radiotherapy after tumor lumpectomy is based on the premise that that the breast cancer recurrence rate is re-duced through the elimination of residual cancer foci in the remaining tissue immediately adjacent to the lumpectomy site and occult multicentric areas of in situ or infiltrating cancer in remote areas of the breast.The relevance of remote foci to ipsilater-al breast failure rates after breast conserving treatment is debatable,because65%～100%of recurrences develop in t…