急性脑出血患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其意义

目的探讨急性脑出血患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其意义。方法 65例急性脑出血患者于入院第1 d、第3 d、第7 d、第15 d,52名正常对照者于体检日进行血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平检测和比较。并对不同病情及预后的急性脑出血患者入院第3 d的血清甲状腺激素水平进行比较。结果与正常对照组比较,急性脑出血组入院第1 d、第3 d、第7 d时血清T3、FT3水平明显降低,血清T4、FT4水平明显增高(均P<0.05)。与急性脑出血轻度亚组比较,中度亚组及重度亚组血清T3、FT3水平明显降低,血清T4、FT4及TSH水平明显增高(均P<0.05);与急性脑出血中度亚组比较,重度亚组血清T3、FT3水平明显降低,血清T4、FT4及TSH水平明显增高(均P<0.05)。与急性脑出血显著进步亚组比较,进步亚组及死亡亚组血清T3、FT3水平明显降低,血清T4、FT4及TSH水平明显增高(均P<0.05);与急性脑出血进步亚组比较,死亡亚组血清T3、FT3水平明显降低,血清T4、FT4及TSH水平明显增高(均P<0.05)。结论急性脑出血...     

Serum thyroid hormones and blood folic acid during monotherapy with carbamazepine or valproate

Studies investigating the influence of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid hormones usually have compared patients chronically treated with antiepileptic drugs to controls. To date, this type of designs has produced divergent results both with regard to individual drugs and individual thyroid hormones. The present study comprised 31 patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy, commencing treatment with either carbamazepine or valproate. T3, T4, FT4, FT3, rT3, TSH, T3 resin uptake and blood folic acid, were determined before and during antiepileptic monotherapy, thus making the patient his own control. During treatment with carbamazepine, a significant decrease in T4, FT4, FT3, rT3 and TBG was observed. Valproate caused a decrease in T4, FT4 and T3. Neither of the drugs caused any changes in blood folic acid concentrations or persistent increases in the TSH values. None of the patients developed overt symptoms of hypothyreoidism. Conceivable mechanisms underlying these hormonal changes are reviewed.     

颅脑损伤病人垂体前叶激素和甲状腺素变化的意义

目的：研究颅脑损伤病人垂体前叶激素，甲状腺激素与伤情严重程度及预后的关系。方法：采用时间分辨荧光免疫法检测97例急性颅脑损伤得血清泌乳素（PRL）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、甲状腺素（TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4）水平，60例正常人作对照，伤情及预后分别采用GCS和GOS评分评估，对激素水平的变化与伤情严重程度及预后的关系进行分析。结果：颅脑损伤急性期PRL、FSH显增高，TT3、FT3显降低，损伤越严重，上述指标变化越明显，预后越差，上述指标变化亦越明显，结论：颅脑损伤病人PRL，FSH、TT3、FT3水平的变化可用来判断伤情的严重程度，观察预后。     

Stroke and thyroid hormones]

The levels of thyroid hormones were determined by RIA in 65 cases in with stroke, in which 42 cases showed low T3 levels (64.6%). The rates of abnormal T3 and rT3 were much higher in hemorrhage group (72.5%) than those in infarction group (52%). T3 and rT3 abnormalities were apparent in the acute stage compared to those in the chronic stage (P less than 0.01), and closely correlated with size of lesions, that is, size of lesions had negative correlation with T3 and T3/rT3 but positive correlation with rT3 when the volume of hemorrhage was more than 30 ml or the area of infarction more than 20 cm2. Determination of T3 and rT3 levels in patients with stroke may be helpful in assessing the severity and prognosing.     

Influence of carbamazepine on serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine in patients with epilepsy

Hypothyroidism induced by anti-epileptic drug treatment gave rise to thyroid function test studies in patients treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) only. In 42 patients on long-term CBZ treatment thyroxine (T4), free T4-index (FT4I), and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in serum were significantly lower than in controls, while triiodothyronine uptake (T3U) and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations did not differ between patients and controls. In 12 patients starting on CBZ, means T4, calculated FT4 and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) were 1-5 months later reduced compared to the initial levels. Thus, CBZ reduced thyroid hormones, TBG and FT4I. A CBZ-induced increase in conversion and metabolism of the thyroid hormones could explain this effect. The normal T3U values and decreased concentrations of TBG make a competitive CBZ binding to TBG less probable. Although the thyroid hormones levels were found lowered in the patients, all remained clinically euthyroid during the study.     

急性脑梗死患者甲状腺激素变化及其临床意义

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者甲状腺激素水平的变化及其临床意义。方法采用化学发光法检测65例急性脑梗死患者治疗前后和50例健康对照者血清三碘甲状腺原氨(T3)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨(FT3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平,并对2组进行比较。结果甲状腺激素水平T4、FT4、TSH在治疗前后各组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T3在治疗前较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),FT3治疗前与对照组相比降低更显著(P<0.01),在治疗后T3、FT3与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论脑梗死患者急性期的保护性应激反应可引起T3和FT3下降,并且T3和FT3的降低与病情严重程度及预后密切相关,随着病情好转逐渐恢复;对于治疗前后甲状腺激素水平的变化,有助于监测治疗和判断预后有一定临床意义。     

首发精神分裂症患者的血清甲状腺相关激素水平变化及其与临床关系对照研究

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺相关激素（Ｔ３、Ｔ４、ＴＳＨ、ＦＴ３及ＦＴ４）水平的动态变化及其与临床关系。方法４１例患者分别于疗前、疗后进行ＢＰＲＳ评定及血清Ｔ３、Ｔ４、ＴＳＨ、ＦＴ３、ＦＴ４测定，并与正常对照组作比较。结果研究组疗前血清甲状腺素（Ｔ４）显著高于对照组，并随治疗及病情改善而恢复正常。但游离甲状腺素（ＦＴ４）在疗前、疗后均低于正常对照组。患者的ＢＰＲＳ得分高低与其疗前血清Ｔ３、Ｔ４水平显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论精神分裂症患者血清Ｔ４、ＦＴ４水平变化可能与其疾病本身有关。血清Ｔ３，Ｔ４水平似乎可预测精神分裂症的严重度。     

Changes in thyroid hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone and cortisol in acute spinal cord injury.

To determine the hormonal response to acute spinal cord injury, serial serum samples were collected from 18 patients with acute spinal cord injury and from 14 control patients with spinal fractures without cord injury. The first sample was taken within 24 hours of injury, the second at 24-48 hours; and the third at 7 days for determination of thyroxine (T4), free T4 (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), T3 uptake (T3U), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and insulin. Significant increases were observed in rT3 levels and transient changes were observed in the T4 and T3 levels in the spinal cord injured group but not in the group with spinal fractures alone. The changes in the spinal cord injured patients are consistent with the 'low T3 syndrome'. However, the persisting rise of rT3 at 7 days was an unexpected finding. In addition to the cord injury, these changes may also be related to dexamthasone administration and nutritional factors.     

The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with schizophrenia

Serum concentrations of thyroxine (T(4)), triiodothyronine (T(3)), reverse triiodothyronine (rT(3)) and thyrotropine (TSH) were measured in 31 acutely ill in-patients with schizophrenia before and after four weeks of treatment with the phenothiazine derivative perazine. The serum levels of all the above hormones were also determined in 19 schizophrenic patients in remission who were receiving no medication, 20 schizophrenic patients in remission taking neuroleptic drugs, and 24 patients with residual-type schizophrenia.The serum levels of T(4) of acutely ill schizophrenic patients were elevated, while those of T(3), rT(3) and TSH were normal. Their T(4) levels showed a positive correlation with the severity of illness and the degree of clinical response to neuroleptic treatment. There was a significant fall in serum concentrations of T(4) and rT(3) during four weeks of drug treatment and the decrease was significantly correlated to clinical response. No abnormalities in the serum concentrations of any of the hormones measured were found in schizophrenic patients in remission or in residual-type schizophrenia.In conclusion, our results indicate that the elevated serum levels of T(4) may be specific for acutely ill schizophrenic patients and that neuroleptic medication may affect thyroid hormone metabolism, this interaction being involved in the mechanism of action of these drugs.     

抑郁症首次发病与复发患者甲状腺激素水平的研究

目的:探讨甲状腺激素水平与首发和复发抑郁症之间的相关性及临床意义。方法:采用电化学发光免疫分析法,分别测定127例抑郁症患者(其中首发抑郁组66例、复发抑郁组61例)和53名正常者(正常对照组)的血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离甲状腺激素(FT3、FT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平;采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估患者抑郁程度。结果:复发抑郁组血清FT3水平显著低于正常对照组(P=0.009),血清T3、T4、FT4、TSH水平与正常对照组差异无统计学意义;首发抑郁组血清T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH水平与正常对照组差异无统计学意义。相关分析显示,首发抑郁组血清T3水平与HAMD总分呈负相关(r=-0.250,P=0.043);复发抑郁组血清T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH与HAMD总分均无相关(r=0.014~0.204,P均0.05)。结论:抑郁症首次发病与复发患者血清甲状腺激素水平存在一定变化,复发较首发抑郁者可能存在更严重的甲状腺功能减退。     

阿立哌唑对女性首发和复发精神分裂症甲状腺激素、泌乳素的影响

目的探讨阿立哌唑对女性精神分裂症住院患者甲状腺激素、泌乳素的影响及首发、复发病例的差异。方法随机抽取女性精神分裂症患者67例（首发26例，复发41例），均用阿立哌唑治疗，于治疗前和治疗2、4、8周末进行抽血检验甲状腺激素和泌乳素。结果阿立哌唑治疗2周末时，血清甲状腺素（T4）、血清泌乳素（PRL）有显著性差异。结论阿立哌唑短期使用（2周末）时可以降低患者血清甲状腺素（T4）、血清泌乳素（PRL）水平，而4-8周时则无明显差异；对三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺素（TSH）无明显差异；首发与复发病例无明显差异。     

抗精神病药对血浆甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的：了解氯丙嗪、奎硫平及利培酮对甲状腺激素的影响。方法：对82例女性初发精神分裂症患者在3种药物治疗前、治疗2周及4周分别检测三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)的血浆水平，比较甲状腺激素水平。结果：3组在治疗2周T4及FT4水平有显著差异；氯丙嗪组治疗2周、4周T3、FT3水平显著下降；奎硫平组治疗2周、4周T3、FT3、FT4水平显著增加。结论：氯丙嗪可致甲状腺激素水平下降，而奎硫平可能增加，利培酮不影响。     

急性颅脑损伤后血清甲状腺素的改变及其意义

目的探讨急性颅脑损伤后血清甲状腺素水平的改变及其意义。方法应用磁性酶联免疫定量分析法检测１５６例急性颅脑损伤患者伤后２４～７２小时及存活者伤后２周的血清Ｔ３、游离Ｔ３（ＦＴ３）、Ｔ４、游离Ｆ４（ＦＴ４）及促甲状腺激素（ＴＳＨ）水平的改变,并与１００名正常对照者比较。结果伤后患者早期血清Ｔ３、ＦＴ３水平显著降低（Ｐ〈０．００１）,而Ｔ４、ＦＴ４显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）;颅脑损伤愈重,昏迷程度愈深,上     

Thyroid dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder is associated with folate receptor α autoimmune disorder

Folate receptor α (FRα) autoantibodies (FRAAs) are prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). FRAAs disrupt folate transport across the blood‐brain barrier by binding to the FRα. Thyroid dysfunction is frequently found in children with ASD. We measured blocking and binding FRAAs and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4) (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3) (TT3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyroid‐releasing hormone (TRH) and other metabolites in 87 children with ASD, 84 of whom also underwent behaviour and cognition testing and in 42 of whom FRAAs, TSH and FT4 were measured at two time points. To better understand the significance of the FRα in relation to thyroid development, we examined FRα expression on prenatal and postnatal thyroid. TSH, TT3 and rT3 were above the normal range in 7%, 33% and 51% of the participants and TRH was below the normal range in 13% of the participants. FT4 was rarely outside the normal range. TSH concentration was positively and the FT4/TSH, TT3/TSH and rT3/TSH ratios were inversely related to blocking FRAA titres. On repeated measurements, changes in TSH and FT4/TSH ratio were found to correspond to changes in blocking FRAA titres. TSH and the FT4/TSH, TT3/TSH and rT3/TSH ratios were related to irritability on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and several scales of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), whereas TT3 was associated with SRS subscales and TRH was related to Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale subscales. The thyroid showed significant FRα expression during the early prenatal period, although expression decreased significantly in later gestation and postnatal thyroid tissue. The results of the present study suggest that thyroid dysfunction in ASD may be related to blocking FRAA. The high expression of FRα in the early foetal thyroid suggests that foetal and neonatal exposure to maternal FRAAs could affect the development of the thyroid and may contribute to the pathology in ASD.     

GABA uptake is inhibited by thyroid hormones: implications for depression

Studies of the effects of thyroid hormones on the uptake of neurotransmitters by homogenates of rat cerebral cortex have revealed a significant competitive inhibition of neuronal uptake of [3H]GABA by thyroid hormones (T3 greater than T4 greater than rT3). The IC50 for inhibition of GABA uptake by T3 was estimated at 4 microM and that of T4 at 11 microns. GABA uptake in homogenates of cerebral cortex from hypothyroid rats was significantly enhanced over that of controls; however, uptake in tissues from hyperthyroid rats was not significantly diminished.     

难治性抑郁症患者甲状腺激素水平的分析

目的 探讨难治性抑郁症患者的甲状腺激素水平。方法 按性别、年龄1：1匹配选取难治性抑郁症患者和健康对照各30例，采用放射免疫法测定患者组治疗前和对照组血清TSH、T3、T4、FT3、FT4水平。结果 患者组异常者17例，占56．7％，对照组异常者2例，占6．7％，两组比较，患者组甲状腺激素水平出现异常的比率明显高于对照组，主要表现为TSH升高、T3降低、FT4降低，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 难治性抑郁症患者中有56．7％的患者存在亚临床型甲状腺功能的减退。     

抗癫痫药物对癫痫患者甲状腺激素水平影响的研究

目的 研究癫痫患者甲状腺激素水平和抗癫痫药物对其影响以及与疗效之间的关系。方法 测定已确诊的45例未服用过抗癫痫药物的癫痫患者血清甲状腺激素水平并与30例健康对照组进行比较。再经卡马西平、苯妥英钠、丙戊酸钠三种抗癫痫药物分组单药治疗3个月、6个月、年后观察甲状腺激素水平的变化及与疗效之间的关系。结果 未服用抗癫痫药物的新诊断癫痫患者游离甲状腺素（FT4）水平显著低于健康对照组,经苯妥英钠、卡马西平分别治疗3个月、6个月、1年后T4、FT4、FT3显著低于治疗前水平,TSH无显著性变化。经丙戊酸钠治疗后的不同时间段各甲状腺激素水平与治疗前比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。甲状腺激素水平的变化与化疗效之间似无相关性。结论 癫痫的反复发作虽未经抗癫痫药物治疗已存在FT4水平的降低。苯妥英钠、卡马西平可明显造成癫痫患者的亚临床甲状腺功能降低（T4、FT4、FT3下降）,丙戊酸钠对患者甲状腺激素水平无显著影响。甲状腺激素水平的变化与疗效之间无相关性。     

情感性精神障碍治疗前后血清甲状腺激素水平的对照观察

目的了解血清甲状腺激素水平与情感性精神障碍的关系。方法对２６例住院的情感性精神障碍患者做了治疗前后血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（Ｔ３）、甲状腺素（Ｔ４）、Ｔ３树脂摄取比值（ＲＵＲ）和游离甲状腺素指数（ＦＴ４Ｉ）的对照观察，其中躁狂发作１９例，抑郁发作７例。同时以３０名健康人作为对照组。治疗前后应用Ｂｅｃｈ－Ｒａｆａｅｌｓｅｎ躁狂量表（ＢＲＭＳ）和汉密尔顿抑郁量表（ＨＡＭＤ）评定躁狂和抑郁症状的严重程度。结果患者组治疗前后的Ｔ４（１４２±４０和１３１±３７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、ＦＴ４Ｉ（１０．６±３．４和１０．５±３．７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）明显高于对照组（１１１±２２，８．３±２．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）。治疗前７例躁狂发作患者的Ｔ３（１．０９±０．１６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）低于正常组（２．０±０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）；抑郁发作的Ｔ４（１７９±３１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、ＦＴ４Ｉ（１２．５±４．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）治疗前高于正常水平，治疗后均恢复到正常范围，ＢＲＭＳ和ＨＡＭＤ评分也随之明显下降。结论提示某些情感性精神障碍患者的甲状腺激素改变与症状的消长有关，甲状腺素异常是继发于情绪障碍，这种类型可能是情感性精神障碍的具有某种生物学异常的一个亚型。     

Changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis accompanying major affective disorders

The reports tries to show the intercorrelations between the TRH-test and the peripheric thyroid function during the course of affective disorders. The sample comprised 22 manic (15 follow-up) and 24 depressive (13 follow-up) patients. As parameters serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, T3-uptake, FT4-index, T3/T4-ratio, TSH basal and 30 min after 200 micrograms TRH i.v. were determined. In a smaller group of patients reverse-T3 was measured, too. During acute mania and depression there is an increase of thyroxine. We observed a stronger conversion of T4 to rT3 with less inactivation of T4 to T3 in mania than in depression. Both groups show attenuated TSH response to TRH stimulation in florid psychoses. Comprehensing all results we come to the conclusion that the changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis accompanying affective psychoses start from the thyroidea and not from the anterior pituitary gland.     

卒中恢复期甲状腺激素水平与认知功能的相关性研究

目的 探讨卒中恢复期患者甲状腺激素水平与认知功能的相关性,为认知功能康复提供参考。 方法 前瞻性连续纳入2018年12月-2020年1月于石家庄市人民医院康复医学科收治的卒中恢复期 患者为研究对象,根据MMSE评分将患者分为认知功能损害组和无认知功能损害组。比较两组甲状 腺激素各项指标水平,包括三碘甲状腺原氨酸（triiodothyronine,T3）、甲状腺素、游离三碘甲状腺原氨 酸（free triiodothyronine,FT3）、游离甲状腺素及促甲状腺激素水平,采用多元线性回归分析甲状腺激 素各项指标水平与MMSE评分的相关性。 结果 最终纳入210例患者,平均年龄59.97±7.12岁,男性138例（65.7%）,其中认知功能损害组146 例,无认知功能损害组64例。认知功能损害组T3、FT3水平低于无认知功能损害组,差异有统计学意 义。多元线性回归分析结果显示,卒中恢复期患者血清T3、FT3水平与MMSE评分呈正相关（β=0.389, P <0.001;β=0.237,P =0.014）。 结论 卒中恢复期患者血清T3、FT3水平越低,提示认知功能损害越重。临床工作中应积极关注卒 中恢复期患者甲状腺激素水平,以尽早给予全面地康复干预。