人文关怀的舒适护理对消化内镜诊疗患者舒适度、负性情绪及护理满意度的影响

目的:探究人文关怀的舒适护理对消化内镜诊疗患者舒适度、负性情绪及护理满意度的影响.方法:选取郑州市第二人民医院2022年2月至2023年2月期间收治的消化内镜诊疗患者83例,随机将其分成对照组(n=41)、干预组(n=42).对照组实施常规护理,干预组在对照组基础上实施人文关怀的舒适护理,对比两组不良反应发生情况、舒适度[舒适状况量表(General Comfort Questionnaire,GCQ)]、负性情绪[汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD)]、护理效果、护理满意度.结果:干预组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P＜0.05);麻醉前10 min,干预组GCQ、HAMA、HAMD评分变化幅度大于对照组(P＜0.05);干预组护理有效率及护理满意率均高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:人文关怀的舒适护理可减少不良反应的发生提高患者舒适度,减轻负性情绪,增强护理效果,提高护理满意度.     

舒适护理在手术室护理工作中的运用路径

目的：探讨舒适护理在手术室护理工作中的具体应用及临床效果。方法我院选择2013年8月~2014年8月诊治的320例实施外科手术的患者,将其随机分为两组,对照组的160例患者运用常规的护理措施,观察组的160例患者运用舒适护理方法,比较两组患者的护理效果。结果经护理干预,观察组患者的术后舒适度以及对护理人员的满意度明显优于对照组,两组患者差异显著,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论外科手术患者实施舒适护理措施,可有效改善患者的心理状态,能够明显缓解患者的疼痛感,效果确切。提高护理舒适度,提升患者对护理人员的满意度,值得在临床上推广使用。     

静脉营养液联合心理干预治疗妊娠剧吐100例疗效分析

目的观察静脉营养液联合心理干预治疗妊娠剧吐的疗效。方法将入选患者随机分为实验组与对照组。对照组补充静脉营养液,卧床休息,常规护理;实验组在给予对照组相同治疗外,在护理中实施心理支持疗法。结果实施心理干预的实验组其总有效率优于对照组(χ2=8.19,P<0.05),平均住院天数少于对照组(t=7.09,P<0.01)。结论静脉营养液联合心理治疗能提高妊娠剧吐患者的治疗效果,减少住院天数。     

系统护理对脑梗死患者生活质量及满意度的影响

目的 探讨脑梗死患者进行系统性护理干预的临床效果。方法 将我院2012年6月~2017年6月收治的90例脑梗死患者作为研究对象并按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各45例。对照组采用常规护理方法,观察组进行系统性护理,观察两组临床有效率、患者生活质量及护理满意度。结果 观察组临床总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;护理后观察组患者的生活质量优于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组护理满意度高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 系统性护理干预在脑梗死患者临床治疗和康复过程中有较好的应用效果,有助于提高临床疗效,改善患者生活质量,提高护理满意度。     

疼痛护理干预对肛肠患者术后舒适度和疼痛的影响研究

目的 观察疼痛护理干预对肛肠科患者术后舒适度和疼痛的影响。方法 选择我院2016年10月~2017年10月收治90例肛肠科患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,各45例。对照组为常规护理模式,观察组在对照组的基础上进行疼痛护理干预。比较两组患者术后疼痛情况和舒适度。结果 观察组患者疼痛度为11.11%,低于对照组的33.33%,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组低度舒适患者少于对照组,中度、高度舒适患者多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 肛肠科患者术后实施疼痛护理干预,能提升患者的术后舒适度,降低疼痛率,临床效果显著。     

胸腔镜下行肺癌根治术的围手术期护理体会

目的 探讨胸腔镜下行肺癌根治术的有效护理方法及效果.方法 将90例胸腔镜下行肺癌根治术的患者按照护理的方法的不同分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上采用舒适护理,比较两组的术后恢复情况及护理护理满意度.结果 观察组的胸腔引流管拔管时间、住院时间及并发症的发生率显著少于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组在宣教、环境、态度等护理项目方面的满意度均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 在胸腔镜下肺癌根治术中应用舒适护理可最大限度的满足患者的生理、心理需求,促进术后恢复,提高满意度.     

综合护理用于耳鼻喉手术患者中的临床效果及镇痛作用

目的:研究综合护理用于耳鼻喉手术患者中的临床效果及镇痛作用.方法:研究对象选取哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院2013年6月至2015年12月间行耳鼻喉手术患者124名,采用照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,两组各62名,对照组患者给予临床常规护理干预,观察组患者在此基础上给予综合护理干预,比较两组患者手术前24 h和术后24,48,72h的VAS评分和低氧血症、喉头水肿、舌根后坠、误吸肺不张等并发症发生率,同时比较护理满意度及治疗总有效率.结果:观察组的术后24,48,72 h的VAS评分均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),观察组的总并发症率(4.84％)明显低于对照组(19.35％) (x2=6.14,P=0.01),观察组的总护理满意度(95.16％)明显高于对照组(79.03％)(x2=7.18,P＜0.01),观察组的治疗总有效率(91.93％)明显高于对照组(77.42％) (x2=5.03,P=0.02).结论:综合护理用于耳鼻喉手术患者的效果显著,能有效缓解术后疼痛,同时降低并发症发生,提高护理满意度及治疗疗效,是一种高效的护理方案,值得在临床推广.     

护理干预对白细胞介素-11联合环孢素治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效和生活质量的影响

目的 研究白细胞介素-11(IL-11)、环孢素联合治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ⅡP)时采用护理干预对临床疗效及生活质量的影响.方法 选取荷泽市立医院在2012.8至2014.8期间收治的糖皮质激素治疗后效果不佳的100例ITP患者为研究对象,所有患者均采用IL-11联合环孢素治疗.将所有患者按入院顺序分为两组各50例.其中50例患者治疗过程中采用传统护理方式进行护理作为对照组,另50例患者在治疗过程中采用护理干预作为观察组.结果 对照组、观察组治疗有效率分别为82％和96％,观察组较高(P＜0.05);对照组、观察组患者不良反应发生率分别为18％和6％,观察组较低(P＜0.05);对照组、观察组患者对护理满意度分别为78％、94％,观察组对护理满意度明显较高(P＜0.05);两组患者治疗前睡眠(S)、精力(EL)、情绪反应(ER)、社会孤独感(SI)以及身体活动能力(PA)评分无差异(P＞0.05);治疗后两组生活质量评分均有下降,但观察组S、EL、ER、SI以及PA评分均低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 护理干预对IL-11联合环孢素治疗的ITP患者效果较好,不仅促进了治疗效果,有效的降低了并发症的发生,还提高了患者的生活质量,值得临床应用及推广.     

护理干预在腹部手术后留置胃管不良反应中的应用效果察

目的：探讨护理干预在腹部手术后留置胃管不良反应中的应用效果。方法选取112例腹部手术后留置胃管患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各56例,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予针对性护理干预,比较两组护理效果。结果：观察组患者口腔舒适度、口腔清洁湿润情况、患者护理总满意度及护理人员操作用时与对照组比较均有显著差异(<0.05)。结论在常规护理基础上给予腹部手术后留置胃管患者针对性护理干预,可有效提高口腔护理效果及患者护理满意度,缩短护士操作用时,可推广应用。     

血液透析护理中舒适化服务的应用与可行性研究

目的探讨血液透析护理中舒适化服务的应用与可行性。方法将2016年3月~2018年2月90例血液透析患者随机数字表法分组,对照组施行常规化护理干预,实验组应用舒适化服务。比较两组血液透析患者对护理服务满意度;透析过程环境舒适度、生理和心理舒适度;护理前后患者不良心理评分、生活质量评分;导管堵塞、静脉炎等血液透析并发症发生率。结果实验组血液透析患者对护理服务满意度高于对照组(P0.05);实验组透析过程环境舒适度、生理和心理舒适度优于对照组(P0.05);护理前两组不良心理评分、生活质量评分相近(P0.05);护理后实验组不良心理评分、生活质量评分优于对照组(P0.05);实验组导管堵塞、静脉炎等血液透析并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论舒适化服务在血液透析护理中的应用效果确切,可减轻患者的不良心理状态,提高患者身心舒适度,减少血液透析并发症的发生率,促使患者生活质量得到提升,并提高满意度。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.