心理一致感利兹堡简短版(SOC-L9)中文版的信效度检验

目的 对心理一致感利兹堡简短版(SOC-L9)中文版进行初步的修订和信效度检验.方法 根据量表修订的方法,在某大学选取3349名在校大学生和研究生被试进行测试,分析中文版的信度和效度.结果 项目分析结果表明SOC-L9各项目的项目鉴别力良好(r=0.315～0.698);内部一致性系数为0.732,分半信度0.757,重测信度为0.621;效标关联效度理想.结论 心理一致感利兹堡简短版(SOC-L9)的中文版在大学生中具有较高的信效度.     

施瓦茨价值观问卷(PVQ-21)中文版在大学生中的修订

目的:对施瓦茨价值观问卷(PVQ-21)中文版在在校大学生和研究生中进行修订。方法:根据量表修订的方法,在某大学选取3351名在校大学生和研究生被试进行测试,分析中文版的信度和效度。结果:项目分析结果表明,PVQ-21各项目的项目鉴别力良好(r=0.753~0.907);内部一致性系数为0.337~0.742,分半信度为0.337~0.746,重测信度0.151~0.669;PVQ-21的最小空间分析结果基本符合理论模型;PVQ-21与心理一致感利兹堡简短版(SOC-L9)和Connor-Davidson韧性量表(CD-RISC)显著相关,效标关联效度理想。结论:施瓦茨价值观量表(PVQ-21)中文版在大学生中具有较高的信效度。     

Wagnild-Young心理弹性量表(RS-11)中文版的信效度检验

目的 对Wagnild-Young心理弹性量表(RS-11)进行初步的修订和信效度检验.方法 根据量表修订的方法,选取某大学在校生3363名进行测试,分析中文版的信、效度.结果 项目分析结果表明RS-11各项目的项目鉴别力良好(r=0.344～0.700);内部一致性系数为0.807,分半信度为0.865,量表的重测信度为0.617;与CD-RISC-25关联效度为0.725;与大五人格和SCL-90关联效度理想.结论 修订的Wagnild-Young心理弹性量表(RS-11)具有较高的信度和效度.     

事件影响量表修订版的信度和效度分析

目的:考察Weiss等人修订的事件影响量表(IES-R)中文版的信度和效度。方法:以604名初一到高三的青少年为被试,采用该量表和刘贤臣编制的青少年自评生活事件量表收集数据,然后分析了IES-R的主要信度和效度指标。结果:IES-R中文版的内部一致性信度为0.89;分半信度为0.93;按照原作者确定的三因素(侵扰、唤醒、逃避)结构能解释变异的44.59%;效标关联效度为0.55。结论:IES-R中文版信、效度良好,可以用于评定青少年所受生活事件的影响。     

生活满意度量表中文版在民众中使用的信度和效度

目的考察生活满意度量表中文版在一般民众中使用的信度和效度。方法用生活满意度量表、积极情感-消极情感量表和总体幸福感单题量表对509名民众进行调查。结果1量表5个条目与总分之间的相关在0.70～0.80（P〈0.001）之间,各个题目之间的相关在0.29～0.53（P〈0.001）之间;2验证性因素分析显示,5个项目的载荷在0.59～0.80（P〈0.001）之间,解释42.2%的生活满意度的方差,拟合指数为：χ2=33.56,χ2/df=6.71,GFI=0.97,CFI=0.96,RMSEA=0.071;3生活满意度量表与积极情感分量表和总体幸福感量表达到极其显著的正相关,与消极情感分量表达到极其显著的负相关;4信度分析的结果显示,量表的α系数为0.78,折半信度为0.70。结论生活满意度量表中文版在一般民众中使用具有良好的信度和效度。     

中文版时间态度量表的信效度检验

目的:对青少年时间态度量表(The Adolescent Time Attitude Inventory, ATA)进行中文版修订,检验其信效度。方法:对745人施测中文版ATA量表,用以评定其结构效度、信度及其跨性别、跨年级测量等值性。另对527人施测中文版ATA、自我效能感量表、自尊量表以及生活满意度量表,检验效标关联效度。10天后,随机选取89名大学生进行重测。结果:中文版ATA量表包含过去积极、过去消极、现在积极、现在消极、未来积极和未来消极六个因子,共30个项目。(1)验证性因子分析表明六因子模型拟合良好,χ~2/df=2.73,RMSEA=0.05,CFI=0.94,TLI=0.93;(2)各因子信度系数在0.77～0.86,重测信度在0.54～0.71之间;(3)多群组验证性因子分析表明,中文版ATA在男女之间、高中生和大学生之间具有测量等值性;(4)相关分析结果表明,未来积极、现在积极、过去积极与自尊、自我效能感和生活满意度正相关,未来消极、现在消极、过去消极与自尊、自我效能感和生活满意度负相关。结论:中文版ATA具有良好的信效度,适宜在中国青少年中使用。     

中文版低头行为量表测评大学生群体的信度与效度

目的:修订低头行为量表并在中国大学生群体中检验其信效度。方法:采用一般低头行为量表、父母低头行为问卷、大学生手机成瘾倾向量表及短式抑郁-焦虑-压力量表共对1134名大学生进行施测,两周后对其中的95名大学生进行重测。结果:①探索性因素分析发现,中文版大学生低头行为量表共包含15个条目,可分为自我疏离、无手机恐惧、人际冲突和问题认知4个维度;②验证性因素分析发现,中文版大学生低头行为量表四因素模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=2.59, GFI=0.93, CFI=0.93, TLI=0.91, RMSEA=0.06);③中文版大学生低头行为量表与父母低头行为问卷、手机成瘾倾向量表、短式抑郁-焦虑-压力量表均呈显著正相关(r=0.33～0.74, P0.01),其组合信度在0.63～0.92之间,平均方差抽取量在0.38～0.48之间;④信度检验发现,中文版大学生低头行为量表的Cronbach’sα系数在0.71～0.84之间;分半信度在0.65～0.77之间;重测信度在0.68～0.85(P0.01)之间。结论:中文版大学生低头行为量表具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为科学的研究工具使用。     

多维状态无聊量表中文版在中国大学生中的应用

目的:在中国大学生群体中修订多维状态无聊量表(the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale,MSBS)中文版并检验其信效度。方法:采用中文版MSBS调查了1668名大学生,收回有效问卷1545份,以检验其结构效度、内部一致性信度和分半信度。另用大学生无聊倾向量表、流调中心抑郁量表、状态孤独量表、状态焦虑量表在218名大学生中检验效标关联效度。1个月后随机抽取172名大学生进行重测,检验其重测信度。结果:中文版MSBS包括注意缺乏、时间知觉、低唤醒、高唤醒和脱离5个分量表,共24个条目,其因素建构得到探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析的支持;5个分量表的内部一致性信度在0.67~0.81之间,分半信度在0.50~0.72之间,重测信度在0.50~0.56之间;5个分量表都具有较好的效标关联效度;中国大学生的状态无聊具有性别差异。结论:MSBS中文版在中国大学生群体中具有良好的适用性。     

大学生友谊质量量表中文版信度与效度的初步研究

目的：检验大学生友谊质量量表(FQI)中文版的信度和效度。方法：1166名在校大学生参加了测试。运用项目分析、信度分析以及探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析的交叉验证等统计方法对FQI信度和效度进行检验。结果：EFA得出FQI由四个因素组成，CFA对此进行验证，模型各拟合指标以及各观测变量的标准化回归系数均达到规定要求。整个量表的内部一致性系数、重测信度、项目区分度等指标均较好。结论：修订后的FQI具有较好的信度、效度以及区分度。     

癫痫患者生活质量问卷-89中文版的信度和效度分析

目的:修订中文版成年癫痫患者生活质量问卷-89(QOLIE-89),并分析其信度和效度。方法:将英文版QOLIE-89修订成中文版QOLIE-89。用QOLIE-89量表现场及信函调查成年癫痫患者204例,考察量表的重测信度、内部一致性信度、结构效度和实证效度。结果:QOL-89中文版重测信度相关系数为0.63~0.95(P<0.001),Cronbach α系数为0.72~0.99;探索性因素分析获得17个因子,累计解释总方差的71.91%;将17个因子归纳为生理、心理和社会功能三个维度,验证性因子分析证实了三维的量表结构(CMIN/DF=2.17,GFI=0.98,AGFI=0.90,CFI=0.98,RMSEA=0.061)。从发作严重程度和药物副作用分析显示该量表具有良好的实证效度。结论:修订的QOLIE-89中文版与英文原版相似,具有良好的信度和效度,适合我国成年癫痫患者的生活质量的评价。     

The effects of food intake and fasting on 24-hourly variations in body temperature in the young pig

Summary The temperature at the surface of the carotid artery was measured by radiotelemetry over several successive 24 h periods in seven young pigs. The animals were housed solitarily in a temperature-controlled but not sound-proofed room under conditions of constant lighting. In animals fed once in the 24 h there was a rapid rise in the temperature of the carotid artery at the time of feeding followed by a slow decline. Feedingad libitum for 6 days was not accompanied by any definite rhythm in body temperature. During periods of fasting for up to 5 days, the mean body temperature tended to fall and a 24-hourly rhythm was apparent with the maximum in the afternoon and evening. Increases in body temperature were associated with increased activity in all experiments.     

Trans-radial upper extremity amputees are capable of adapting to a novel dynamic environment

This study has focused on how sensory stimulation affects gait in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The kinematic parameters of gait [cadence, step amplitude, velocity, coefficient of variation of stride time (CV_stride-time), and the coefficient of variation of the step amplitude (CV_{step-amplitude})] were analysed in 25 PD patients and 10 control subjects. Step amplitude, velocity and CV_stride-time were altered in the patients with PD. However, when kinematic parameters were analysed as a function of disease severity, none of the parameters differed between early PD (I–II Hoehn and Yahr) and the controls. Nevertheless, more severely affected PD patients (III–IV Hoehn and Yahr) walked with a reduced step amplitude, lower velocity, higher CV_stride-time, and higher CV_{step-amplitude} than the controls. The administration of auditory stimulation at a frequency matching the preferred walking cadence led to a decrease in the CV_stride-time in PD_III–IV patients, and to an increase in step amplitude in PD_III–IV and controls. Visual stimulation at the same frequency did not modify any of the altered kinematic parameters in PD_III–IV patients. When different stimulation frequencies were utilised, auditory stimulation significantly changed some of the altered walking parameters in Parkinson patients. Frequencies matching preferred walking cadence or above this, up to the fastest walking, were those that seem to interact most effectively with the abnormal kinematic parameters in PD_III–IV patients. Visual stimulation negatively modulated cadence in PD_III–IV in the frequency range used. Sensory stimulation facilitates gait in PD. Studies using sensory stimulation as a tool to facilitate walking should take into account the grade of disability of the patients.     

Eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung von Periodenlängen

Summary If the means of a period , determined according to the method of Lamprecht and Weber (1970), are subtracted from each individual value in the corresponding series of measurements, positive and negative differences are obtained, which still exhibit periods independent of . By carrying out this elimination procedure repeatedly, one may determine all independent periodicities in a series of measurements or, respectively, one may recognize a dependency of periodicities.

Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

A strain gauge device for measuring feeding or drinking in laboratory rats

The details of mechanical construction and electronic circuitry of a strain gauge system for continuously measuring food and water ingestion in laboratory rats are described. The system has been reliably tested over a number of years. It is eminently suitable for investigating daily rhythms in rat feeding and drinking behavior, where a large volume of data is collected over extended periods of time.     

Conscious and preconscious adaptation to rhythmic auditory stimuli: a magnetoencephalographic study of human brain responses

This study was triggered by the experimental evidence that subjects required to tap in synchrony with a heard rhythm spontaneously time their tapping to variations in rhythm frequency even when these variations are so small that they are not consciously detectable. We performed a series of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements, aimed at investigating whether the response of the auditory cortex discriminates randomly administered series of brief tones differing from each other only by their interstimulus intervals (ISI). Moreover, by combining psychophysical measurements, conscious and preconscious adjustments of tapping to rhythm variations were compared with brain cortical responses. The ISIs were varied by 2% or 20% from a "central" value of 500 ms. Subjects always consciously detected the 20% ISI changes and easily adjusted their tapping accordingly, whereas they never consciously detected the 2% ISI changes, even though they always correctly adjusted their tapping to them. Analysis of the auditory evoked fields (AEFs) showed that the intensity of the M100 component decreased with decreasing ISI both for 20% and 2% variations in a statistically significant manner, despite the fact that the 2% variation was not consciously perceived. The M100 behavior indicated that connections between auditory and motor cortexes may exist that are able to use the information on rhythm variations in the stimuli even when these are not consciously identified by the subject. The ability of the auditory cortex to discriminate different time characteristics of the incoming rhythmic stimuli is discussed in this paper in relation to the theories regarding the physiology of time perception and discrimination.     

Analysis of circadian rhythms by fitting a least squares sine curve

A method that fits a least squares sine curve to both point and averaged time series data is described. The method includes a full regression analysis and extends the current “cosinor” approach. Developments include estimation of the linear trend and fitting secondary wave forms.     

Effects of two-hour light-dark cycles on feeding, drinking and motor activity of the rat

The effect of two-hour light-dark cycles on feeding, drinking and motor activity in the rat was compared with behavior under the usual $\text{12}\text{12}$ hour cycle. The two-hour cycles consisted of $\text{60}\text{60}$ min, $\text{80}\text{40}$ min and $\text{40}\text{80}$ min light-dark schedules which were maintained each for 7 days. Water intake, frequency of feeding, and motor activity were still significantly higher during dark than during light, although their occurrence during dark was reduced as compared to the $\text{12}\text{12}$ hour control schedule. A free-running circadian rhythm of consummatory behavior with a period length exceeding 24 hours was present throughout the experimental period. The amplitude of the circadian feeding rhythm gradually decreased over time, whereas the percentage of feeding during dark increased. During the circadian phase of minimal food intake, illumination changes affected feeding behavior more strongly than during the phase of maximal food intake. After restoration of the orginal $\text{12}\text{12}$ hour cycle, the amplitude of the nocturnal feeding rhythm increased gradually over several days, whereas the amplitude of the drinking rhythm showed a more rapid recovery. The experiments show that even short cycles of illumination may exert control over the rat's consummatory and motor activity. Short light-dark schedules provide a way for studying separately effects of illumination and of circadian rhythms.     

Rhythm monitoring using a microcomputer system

The design and construction details of a microcomputer system are described which can be applied easily and effectively to chronobiological studies especially when it may be necessary to monitor long-term rhythmic variables. In its present form the system is designed to acquire, store and analyze data from circadian rhythm studies in small mammals. This application is discussed in addition to design of the system, applications, and future modifications.