普伐他汀对人内皮祖细胞一氧化氮合成的影响

目的观察普伐他汀对人内皮祖细胞（EPCs）一氧化氮（NO）合成的影响。方法密度梯度离心法获取外周血单个核细胞,培养7d后,收集贴壁细胞并分别加入普伐他汀,10μmol/L及100μmol/L干预48h,免疫组化、荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪鉴定EPC,用RT-PCR方法测定对细胞内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）mRNA表达的影响,并用硝酸还原酶法测定培养液中一氧化氮（NO）的水平。结果普伐他汀组的人内皮祖细胞eNOS mRNA的表达、NO的合成明显增加。结论普伐他汀可增加人内皮祖细胞eNOS mRNA的表达和NO的合成     

洛伐他汀保护内皮祖细胞的机制研究

目的探讨洛伐他汀(lovastatin)保护内皮祖细胞(en-dothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)的机制。方法EPCs与洛伐他汀或者血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体(lectin-like oxi-dized low density lipoprotein receptor,LOX-1)的特异性阻断抗体(LOX-1 mAb)预处理24 h后,再与氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low density lipoprotein,oxLDL)孵育48 h。然后,检测EPCs迁移、粘附和管状结构形成能力。为探讨洛伐他汀的作用机制,检测EPCs生成一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)的量,内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)和LOX-1蛋白及mRNA表达。结果oxLDL抑制EPCs迁移、粘附及管状结构形成能力,降低NO产生、eNOS蛋白及mRNA表达,增加LOX-1蛋白及mRNA表达。洛伐他汀和LOX-1 mAb恢复EPCs功能,逆转oxLDL对NO、eNOS及LOX-1的调节。结论洛伐他汀通过调节eNOS和LOX-1而保护EPCs免受oxLDL的损害。     

17-β雌二醇对缺氧诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的影响

流行病学资料[1]提示雌激素对心血管系统有保护作用,其确切机制尚不十分清楚.缺氧能引起血管内皮细胞功能异常:一氧化氮(NO)下降和内皮素(ET-1)上升,同时能够加速血管内皮细胞的凋亡,并参与一系列的临床病理过程[2].本研究拟探讨缺氧对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)功能和凋亡的影响,17-β雌二醇(E2)对上述影响是否有保护作用.     

丹皮酚对高脂血清损伤的人内皮细胞的保护作用(英文)

目的观察丹皮酚对高脂血清损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法 20%高脂血清作用于HUVECs细胞24 h制备高脂血清损伤模型。丹皮酚组细胞加入20%高脂血清24 h后再分别加入丹皮酚124,247和495μmol.L-1。采用倒置显微镜观察HUVECs形态学变化;MTT法检测细胞存活率;用硝酸还原酶法检测一氧化氮(NO)含量;用RT-PCR法检测内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)mRNA的表达。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组中大部分细胞出现片状分离和脱落,然而丹皮酚干预后细胞形态趋于正常。丹皮酚能够显著提高细胞存活率(P<0.01)。经丹皮酚124,247和495μmol.L-1干预后,细胞存活率从模型组的(53.0±10.1)%依次升高至(68.4±9.1)%,(84.5±6.7)%,(98.1±7.5)%。丹皮酚能够显著提高NO含量和eNOS mRNA水平(P<0.01)。NO含量从模型组的(54±4)μmol.L-1依次升高至79±6,115±5和(136±6)μmol.L-1;eNOS mRNA的表达水平由模型组的0.215±0.060增加至0.451±0.045,0.563±0.013,0.704±0.068。结论丹皮酚可能通过上调高脂血清损伤人脐静脉内皮细胞eNOS的表达促进NO的合成,从而发挥其对高脂血清损伤内皮细胞的保护作用。     

Anti‐atherogenic effects of high‐density lipoprotein on nitric oxide synthesis in the endothelium

1. The endothelium is critical in the control of vascular haemodynamics and haemostasis. Endothelial dysfunction, typically characterized by decreased nitric oxide bioavailability and response to endothelium‐dependent agonists, is well accepted as a defining characteristic of early atherosclerosis. 2. Numerous epidemiological studies have reported that increased levels of circulating HDL are vasculoprotective and reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. Traditionally, these effects have been attributed to the ability of HDL to remove cholesterol from cells via reverse cholesterol transport. However, there is increasing evidence that the beneficial effects on the endothelium by HDL encompass its anti‐inflammatory, antithrombotic and anti‐oxidative properties, which include the release of nitric oxide (NO). 3. This review highlights recent findings on the importance of HDL in reducing atherosclerotic risk. We focus on the beneficial effects of HDL‐induced NO release and how this relates to endothelial dysfunction and on the effect of HDL on vascular repair via endothelial progenitor cells.     

细胞因子对膀胱平滑肌细胞内诱导性一氧化氮合酶的激活作用(英文)

探讨肿瘤坏死因子α (TNFα)和γ干扰素(INFγ)对大鼠膀胱平滑肌细胞诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS )的影响 .将TNFα (1nmol·L- 1)或INFγ(5 0kU·L- 1)分别或同时加入膀胱平滑肌细胞培养液 ,2 4h后测定细胞培养液中一氧化氮 (NO)水平 ,并用Western印迹方法检测iNOS的表达 .结果显示 ,TNFα或INFγ单独不能诱导iNOS表达 ,也不能引起NO水平显著提高 .但当TNFα和INFγ联合诱导细胞 2 4h ,则细胞培养液中NO水平明显升高 ,用Western印迹分析可见iNOS表达 ,说明TNFα和INFγ具有协同诱导作用 .在TNFα和INFγ加入膀胱平滑肌细胞前 30min ,加入NOS抑制剂L 氮 精氨酸甲酯 (L NAME) ,可显著抑制TNFα和INFγ对NO的生成诱导 .结果提示 ,TNFα和INFγ联合应用可激活膀胱平滑肌细胞iNOS .     

葛根素对缺氧性血管内皮细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 研究葛根素(puerarin)对缺氧性血管内皮细胞凋亡的影响。方法 用NaCN合并无糖培养基造成培养的牛主动脉内皮细胞(BAECs)缺氧;用台盼蓝染色、末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)、流式细胞仪计数和Hoechst 33342荧光染色法观察细胞受损和凋亡情况;用免疫细胞化学染色法观察细胞内Caspase-3的表达情况。结果NaCN合并无糖培养基可引起血管内皮细胞凋亡。葛根素可显著减少缺氧性内皮细胞凋亡,并对Caspase-3的表达有明显抑制作用。结论葛根素对缺氧条件下的血管内皮细胞有保护作用,此作用至少部分通过抑制Caspase-3的表达而实现。     

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor improves neovascularization by increasing circulating endothelial progenitor cells

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Current methods used to treat critical limb ischaemia (CLI) are hampered by a lack of effective strategies, therefore, therapeutic vasculogenesis may open up a new field for the treatment of CLI. In this study we investigated the ability of the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, originally used as a hypoglycaemic agent, to induce vasculogenesis in vivo.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

Sitagliptin were administered daily to C57CL/B6 mice and eGFP transgenic mouse bone marrow-transplanted ICR mice that had undergone hindlimb ischaemic surgery. Laser Doppler imaging and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the degree of neovasculogenesis and circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) respectively. Cell surface markers of EPCs and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in vessels were studied.

KEY RESULTS

Sitagliptin elevated plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels in mice subjected to ischaemia, decreased plasma dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) concentration, and augmented ischaemia-induced increases in stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in a dose-dependent manner. Blood flow in the ischaemic limb was significantly improved in mice treated with sitagliptin. Circulating levels of EPCs were also increased after sitagliptin treatment. Sitagliptin also enhanced the expression of CD 34 and eNOS in ischaemic muscle. In addition, sitagliptin promoted EPC mobilization and homing to ischaemic tissue in eGFP transgenic mouse bone marrow-transplanted ICR mice.

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS

Circulating EPC levels and neovasculogenesis were augmented by the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin and this effect was dependent on an eNOS-related pathway in a mouse model of hindlimb ischaemia. The results indicate that oral administration of sitagliptin has therapeutic potential as an inducer of vasculogenesis.     

内皮源性超极化因子对内皮一氧化氮合酶基因表达的调节

目的　以内皮细胞产生NO的关键酶———eNOS(内皮一氧化氮合酶 )为研究目标 ,探讨外源性内皮源性超极化因子EDHF(EETs)对内皮细胞合成NO的影响。方法　在原代培养 3～ 4代以内的牛主动脉内皮细胞中 ,分别加入不同浓度 (5 0～ 2 0 0nmol·L-1)的 8,9 EET、11,12 EET、14 ,15 EET ,作用 1h后用不同的方法收获细胞。用WesternBlot以及NorthernBlot方法检测EETs对eNOS基因表达的影响 ;同时通过检测L [3 H] 精氨酸转化为L [3 H] 瓜氨酸的量研究EETs对NOS活性的影响。结果　显示 8,9 EET、11,12 EET、14 ,15 EET均呈浓度依赖性地增加eNOS蛋白质的表达 ,并提高eNOSmRNA表达水平以及NOS酶活性。结论　外源性EDHF对eNOS基因表达是一种正反馈调节作用 ,从而能够促进内皮细胞NO的产生 ,通过药物调节内皮表氧化酶进而促进eNOS基因表达可作为防治心血管疾病的新策略     

红霉素对人脐静脉内皮细胞一氧化氮及钙离子水平的影响

目的　探讨红霉素对人脐静脉内皮细胞一氧化氮通路及钙离子的影响。方法　应用一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶试剂盒测定内皮细胞NO的含量及NOS的活性 ,采用Fura 2负载荧光技术检测胞内游离钙水平。结果　红霉素能明显增加内皮细胞NO的产生和胞内游离钙水平 ,并能明显增强NOS的活性 ,具有浓度和时间效应。结论　红霉素对人脐静脉内皮细胞一氧化氮通路的影响可能通过胞内游离钙而起作用。     

Mechanisms underlying nebivolol-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

1. Nebivolol (NEB) has been shown to be a selective blocker of beta1-adrenoceptors with additional vasodilating properties that are mediated, at least in part, by an endothelial-dependent liberation of nitric oxide (NO). In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of NEB-induced vasodilation. 2. Immunohistochemical staining of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was performed in the absence and presence of NEB in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In addition, we measured the release of nitric oxide (NO) using diaminofluorescein. Metoprolol (MET) was used for comparison. 3. Nebivolol, but not MET (each at 10 micromol/L), caused a time-dependent increase in NO release from HUVEC, as demonstrated by an increase in DAF fluorescence at 0 versus 10 min (+234 +/- 7 and 55 +/- 22% basal, respectively). Blockade of beta3-adrenoceptors by SR 59230A (1 micromol/L) partially reduced the NEB-induced increase in DAF fluorescence. Complete inhibition of NEB-induced NO liberation was achieved by the simultaneous blockade of beta3-adrenoceptors and oestrogen receptors (with 1 micromol/L ICI 182,780). 4. Application of NEB significantly increased eNOS translocation and serine 1177 phosphorylation of eNOS. However, NEB did not alter eNOS-phosphorylation at threonine 495 and at serine 114. 5. In conclusion, the endothelium-dependent NO liberation induced by NEB is due to stimulation of beta3-adrenoceptors and oestrogen receptors and coincides with eNOS translocation and a phosphorylation at eNOS-serine 1177. These characteristics of NEB may be beneficial not only when treating patients suffering from cardiovascular disease, but may also prevent further deterioration of endothelial dysfunction.     

Caspases在缺氧性脑微血管内皮细胞凋亡中的作用

目的研究caspases在缺氧性脑微血管内皮细胞凋亡中的作用。方法用氰化钠合并无糖培养基造成培养的牛脑微血管内皮细胞缺氧；用台盼蓝染色、TUNEL及流式细胞仪计数方法观察细胞受损和凋亡情况；用免疫细胞化学染色法观察受损细胞中caspase-3的表达。结果氰化钠合并无糖培养基可损伤牛脑微血管内皮细胞，使细胞发生凋亡，受损细胞中caspase-3大量表达。广谱caspases抑制剂、选择性caspase-1，-3和-6抑制剂均能显著减少细胞死亡数目、caspase-1和-6抑制剂可以抑制caspase-3的表达。结论Caspases在缺氧性脑微血管内皮细胞凋亡过程中起重要作用，在caspases的蛋白酶级联切割反应中caspase-3位于caspase-1和-6的下游。     

有机磷诱导HUVEC-12损伤的实验研究

目的观察有机磷农药敌百虫对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC-12）损伤的时相特征,探讨敌百虫诱导内皮细胞损伤的作用机制。方法将HUVEC-12与含不同浓度敌百虫的DMEM培养基孵24h后,MTT法检测细胞的活性;以IC50浓度的敌百虫处理细胞一定时间后（0、4、6、8、12、24、48h）,观察敌百虫诱导内皮细胞损伤的时相特征;硫代巴比妥法检测细胞上清液中丙二醛（MDA）浓度。结果敌百虫呈时间依赖性地促进内皮细胞凋亡及细胞上清液MDA产生。结论敌百虫刺激HUVEC-12氧化应激,致细胞损伤。     

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by antisense techniques: investigations of the roles of NO produced by murine macrophages

1. An antisense approach to block nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was developed, complementing the widely used chemical inhibitors and overcoming problems associated with their use in studying the roles of NO.
2. Murine macrophage cell lines (J774.2) were generated expressing a 500 bp sequence from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in either the antisense or sense orientation, driven by the SV40 promoter/enhancer region.
3. Messenger RNA derived from the transfected sequences was detected by a specific cDNA probe. Cells expressing sense and antisense iNOS RNA were characterized further.
4. The antisense lines produced 22–97% less NO than the sense lines on stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the range 1 ng ml⁻¹–10 μg ml⁻¹, as determined by nitrite production. One antisense line in particular, A10, expressed substantially less iNOS protein on LPS stimulation as determined by western blot analysis.
5. Adhesion of the antisense line, A10, to cytokine-stimulated murine endothelial cells (sEnd.1 line) was significantly higher than adhesion of the sense lines. There was a negative correlation between the amount of NO produced, as determined by nitrite accumulation, and the level of adhesion of the transfected lines. This indicates an anti-adhesive role of NO, produced by macrophages during the 15 min of the assay, in adhesion to endothelial cells.
6. This novel approach allowed the roles of NO in adhesion to be investigated with the substantial advantage that the contribution of NO produced rapidly by activated macrophages could be studied separately from that produced in a continuous manner by endothelial cells.
7. These lines, and the extension of this approach, will be of great use in dissecting the contributions of NO produced by different cell types to its many potential functions.

     

Atorvastatin inhibits homocysteine-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells

Aim:

To investigate the protective effects of atorvastatin on homocysteine (Hcy)-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and the possible molecular mechanisms.

Methods:

EPCs were divided into six groups: Hcy treatment groups (0, 50, and 500 μmol/L) and atorvastatin pretreatment groups (0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/L). EPC proliferation, migration, in vitro vasculogenesis activity, and apoptosis rate were assayed by the MTT assay, modified Boyden chamber assay, in vitro vasculogenesis kit, and AnnexinV-FITC apoptosis detection kit, respectively. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells was measured using H₂DCF-DA as a fluorescence probe. The activity of NADPH oxidase was evaluated with lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. NO in the supernatant was detected by the nitrate reductase assay. The eNOS mRNA expression and p-eNOS, p-Akt, p-p38MAPK protein expression were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Caspase-3 activity was determined by colorimetric assay.

Results:

Hcy does-dependently impaired the proliferation, migration and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity of EPCs, induced cell apoptosis, increased ROS accumulation and NADPH oxidase activation, and decreased the secretion of NO compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The detrimental effects of Hcy were attenuated by atorvastatin pretreatment. Furthermore, Hcy caused a significant downregulation of eNOS mRNA, p-eNOS, and p-Akt protein expression as well as an upregulation of p-p38MAPK protein expression and caspase-3 activity. These effects of Hcy on EPCs were reversed by atorvastatin in a does-dependent manner.

Conclusion:

Atorvastatin inhibited homocysteine-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells, which may be related to its effects on suppressing oxidative stress, up-regulating Akt/eNOS and down-regulating the p38MAPK/caspase-3 signaling pathway.     

Correlation between osteocalcin‐positive endothelial progenitor cells and spotty calcification in patients with coronary artery disease

Immature endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) carrying osteocalcin (OCN) might mediate vascUlar calcification in coronary artery disease (CAD). Spotty calcification within atherosclerotic plaque is associated with cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between immature EPC levels and spotty calcification in CAD patients. In the 224 CAD patients studied, 76 had acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 102 had unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 46 had stable angina pectoris (SAP). The levels of OCN‐positive (OCN+) EPC were analysed by flow cytometry. The status of spotty calcification was determined by cardiac computed tomography angiography. OCN+ EPC and calcium deposits were significantly increased in acute coronary artery syndrome (ACS) when compared with those in SAP patients. Positive correlation was also revealed between the number of OCN+ EPC and the frequency of spotty calcification and levels of serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and serum alkaline phosphatase in AMI and UAP patients. In summary, the number of OCN+ EPC is positively related to the frequency of spotty calcification in ACS patients. Serum hs‐CRP and serum alkaline levels are thought to contribute to the elevation of OCN+ EPC.     

内外源性EETs对血管内皮一氧化氮合酶的表达及其在Thr-495位磷酸化的作用

目的　研究细胞色素P4 5 0表氧化酶基因转染和直接加入EETs对内皮细胞eNOS表达及其在Thr 4 95位磷酸化的影响。方法　在原代培养的牛主动脉内皮细胞中 ,分别加入生理浓度的 8,9 EET(1 0 0nmol·L-1 )、1 1 ,1 2 EET(1 0 0nmol·L-1 )、1 4 ,1 5 EET(1 0 0nmol·L-1 )孵育 4h ,或直接用重组腺相关病毒介导的花生四烯酸表氧化酶转染牛主动脉内皮细胞2wk ,以产生内源性EETs ,用Westernblot法检测总eNOS蛋白的表达及eNOSThr 4 95磷酸化的水平 ;此外 ,从大鼠尾静脉注射真核表达质粒pCB6、pCB6 2C1 1OR、pCB6 2J2和pCB6 F87V ,2wk后检测大鼠主动脉总eNOS表达及eNOSThr 4 95磷酸化的水平。结果　与空白和溶媒组比较 ,外源性EETs明显促进内皮细胞总eNOS表达 ,增加eNOSThr 4 95的磷酸化 ,而CYP4 5 0抑制剂 (1 7 ODYA)则可明显降低eNOS表达和eNOSThr 4 95的磷酸化水平 ;与相应的对照组比较 ,体内和体外转染不同的表氧化酶基因均能明显上调内皮细胞eNOS的表达 ,增加eNOSThr 4 95的磷酸化水平。结论　EETs和CYP表氧化酶不仅能明显促进血管内皮细胞总eNOS蛋白的表达 ,而且还通过其翻译后修饰来增加其Thr 4 95位蛋白磷酸化水平     

Decreased mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells contributes to impaired neovascularization in diabetes

• 1 Circulating bone marrow (BM)‐derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in neovascularization. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the reduction in circulating EPCs in a mouse model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin.
• 2 Compared with non‐diabetic controls, diabetic mice had reduced circulating EPCs (0.59 ± 0.11 vs 0.94 ± 0.21%, respectively; P < 0.01) and increased plasma endothelial microparticles (18 642 ± 6809 vs 5692 ± 1862/mL, respectively; P < 0.01). In a mouse bone marrow (BM) transplantation model, increased adhesion of transplanted BM cells to aortas of diabetic mice was observed compared with control (900 ± 194 vs 431 ± 109 cells/mm², respectively; P < 0.01).
• 3 Following hindlimb ischaemia, diabetic mice exhibited suppressed EPC mobilization, a reduction in the expected increase in capillary density and suppressed restoration of transcutaneous oxygen pressure in the ischaemic tissue. Diabetic mice also showed impaired ischaemia‐induced upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α and interleukin‐1β, an exaggerated increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and ‐9 and a suppressed increase in tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1. On multivariate analysis, VEGF expression was the only independent factor related to circulating EPC count.
• 4 In conclusion, the data indicate that the decrease in basal circulating EPCs in diabetes may be attributable, in part, to consumptive loss of EPCs due to increased endothelial damage. Impairment of ischaemia‐induced EPC mobilization in the diabetic mouse model is associated with altered HIF‐1α/VEGF and MMP/TIMP regulation and represents a novel mechanism underlying defective postischaemic neovascularization in diabetes.

     

西红花苷对氧化甾醇诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究西红花苷对培养的牛血管内皮细胞凋亡的影响。方法:采用3β、5α、6β三羟胆固(烷)醇(Triol)诱导内皮细胞凋亡的模型,用比色法测定丙二醛含量,光学显微镜、电子显微镜检测形态和超微结构的变化,DNA电泳检测DNAladder及流式细胞仪分析法检测凋亡率,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RTPCR)法检测BaxmRNA表达的变化。结果:Triol处理后,培养液中MDA含量增加,为1.761nmol·L-1(P<0.01),细胞收缩,核浓缩,深染,线粒体肿胀空化,出现凋亡小体,出现凋亡典型的“DNAladder”,和亚二倍体峰,凋亡率为30.62%,BaxmRNA表达量增加;西红花苷(10-7,10-6mol·L-1) Triol组,MDA含量减少,内皮细胞形态结构的完整,凋亡率分别为24.4%,6.3%,BaxmRNA表达量降低。结论:西红花苷可能是抗脂质过氧化并通过调节BaxmRNA表达,减少细胞异常凋亡。