Comparison of conventional in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in patients with moderate oligoasthenozoospermia

The method of choice for assisted reproductive technology treatment in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is usually based on the evaluation of male infertility factors. Decisions for couples with moderate oligoasthenozoospermia (OA) are often empirical because uniform treatment criteria are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of patients with moderate OA treated with conventional IVF and ICSI. A total of 199 couples with moderate OA undergoing their first IVF/ICSI cycle were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of insemination: conventional IVF group (n = 97) and ICSI group (n = 102). All patients were randomised to be inseminated either by conventional IVF or ICSI. The fertilisation rate, embryo quality, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were examined. No differences in the fertilisation, implantation and pregnancy rates were observed between conventional IVF and ICSI groups (P > 0.05). However, the number of good‐quality embryos was significantly higher in the ICSI group than in the IVF group (P < 0.05). Couples with moderate OA did not influence on the overall clinical outcomes between IVF and ICSI treatments, and a negative influence by ICSI on blastocyst development was not confirmed.     

体外受精后6h应对受精失败的补救措施探讨

目的比较分析体外受精(IVF)后6 h补救卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)和half ICSI应对受精失败的优劣。方法16例IVF完全受精失败周期采卵当日选取4个卵母细胞行ICSI,其余卵行常规IVF(half ICSI组);39例IVF完全受精失败周期在常规IVF后6 h补救ICSI(6 h补救ICSI组),比较两组的实验室指标。结果6 h补救ICSI组的受精率和冷冻胚胎比率显著高于half ICSI组,(分别为P0.01、P0.05);两组的卵裂率和优质胚胎比率无显著差异,妊娠率、种植率和累积妊娠率也无显著差异。结论IVF后6 h补救ICSI可应用在所有IVF周期,ICSI指征明确;half ICSI只能应用于不明原因不孕患者。工作中经患者知情同意后,在优先选择IVF后6 h补救ICSI的前提下,结合应用half ICSI,可提高受精失败患者的临床结局。     

常规IVF失败后补救ICSI治疗

目的 :探讨常规IVF周期中受精完全失败或受精率低于 2 5 %时 ,应用卵母细胞单精子显微注射 (ICSI)技术进行再受精的临床意义。　方法 :回顾分析 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 8月 ,在我院生殖医学研究中心接受IVF ET治疗5 4 6个周期中 ,精子参数正常者行常规IVF ,受精失败或受精率低于 2 5 %行补救性ICSI 17个周期。采用常规超排卵方案治疗 ,取卵后 4～ 6h受精 ,16～ 18h后观察 ,发现未受精或受精率低于 2 5 % ,立即行补救ICSI,16～ 2 0h后观察受精情况。　结果 :10个周期受精率低于 2 5 % ,共有未受精卵 112个 ,其中MⅡ 期 89个 ;显微注射 89个 ,受精 5 0个 ,受精率 5 6.2 % ;共有 5例妊娠 ,3例单胎 ,1例双胎 ,1例流产 ,其移植胚胎包括来源于第 1d受精卵和补救性ICSI后受精卵 ;2个周期有冷冻胚胎 ,1例妊娠。 7个周期受精完全失败 ,共有未受精卵 79个 ,其中MⅡ 期 4 7个 ;显微注射 4 7个 ,受精 2 9个 ,受精率 61.7% ,5个周期有胚胎移植 ,1例妊娠。　结论 :补救性ICSI是常规IVF周期受精失败后的可行治疗方法。     

常规体外受精失败卵母细胞行早期补救卵胞浆内显微注射的临床应用价值

目的探讨常规体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）中受精障碍患者行早期补救卵胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）的可行性。方法回顾性分析我院生殖中心2007年1月至2009年7月常规IVF—ET治疗877周期,其中2008年3月至2009年7月期间开展短时受精并对受精障碍周期行早期补救ICSI的546周期作为研究组,2007年1月至2008年2月期间未开展短时受精、早期补救ICSI的331周期作为对照组。研究组通过IVF后6h观察卵母细胞是否排出第2极体评估受精,对完全未受精和低受精周期中未见第二极体排出的成熟卵母细胞立即行早期补救ICSI,比较两组临床及实验室指标。研究组中行早期补救ICSI的70周期实验室指标和临床指标与同期179个常规ICSI周期相比较。结果研究组通过早期补救ICSI,受精率、周期冷冻率、优质胚胎率均比对照组显著提高（P〈O．01）,因受精失败取消移植率显著降低（P〈O．01）。早期补救ICSI周期受精率、可移植胚胎率、临床妊娠率及胚胎种植率与常规ICSI相似,正常受精率、卵裂率和优质胚胎率显著低于常规ICSI,≥3原核（PN）异常受精的比率较常规ICSI略有升高,但无显著性差异。结论IVF后6h行早期补救ICSI能提高常规IVF卵的利用率,并获得与常规ICSI相似的临床妊娠结局。     

IVF—ET中未受精卵母细胞行早期（5hrs）补救ICSI授精后胚胎发育潜能

在常规应用卵胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）之前,常规体外受精（IVF）受精率低下很常见,大约有20％～35％的IVF患者会发生受精率很低（〈35％的卵子受精）甚至受精完全失败（所有卵子都不受精）。卫生部辅助生殖技术管理条例规定,在应用辅助生殖技术助孕的治疗中,对以女方输卵管堵塞、排卵障碍、子宫内膜异位症或不明原因等不孕因素为主的患者,     

补救卵母细胞浆内单精子注射治疗的临床结局分析

体内精卵受精是一个复杂的过程,包括卵母细胞成熟、精子成熟、精子获能、精子透明带结合、配子融合、卵子激活和精子解聚等一系列过程,其中任何过程发生障碍都可能造成受精失败。在常规体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）周期中,常有一些周期存在受精完全失败的情况,具体原因在每一个受精失败周期中各不同。卵胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）技术是直接将单一精子注射人卵细胞浆内,跨越了常规IVF时精卵结合等过程,     

The influence of testicular microlithiasis on the outcomes of in vitro fertilisation in a Chinese Han population

To investigate the influence of testicular microlithiasis (TM) on the outcomes of in vitro fertilisation (IVF), we retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonography results of the TM patients who underwent IVF treatment in our hospital. They were classified as classic‐TM (CTM) or limited‐TM (LTM) comparing with patients without TM (Non‐TM). Semen parameters, rates of fertilisation, normal fertilisation, good embryos and clinical pregnancy were analysed. The Non‐TM group showed higher percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa than the CTM or LTM group (4.08 ± 2.07 versus 3.40 ± 2.00 versus 3.04 ± 1.66, p = .003) while the other general semen parameters were comparable. The LTM group showed higher rate of fertilisation than the CTM group (85.10% versus 81.12%, p = .044). Moreover, the rates of normal fertilisation of Non‐TM (62.47%) and LTM (66.32%) group were significantly higher than the CTM (58.02%) group (p = .027 and p = .001 respectively). There were 333 embryo transfer cycles in total (including 222 fresh and 111 frozen). The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 54.95%, 58.33% and 64.12% in the group of CTM, LTM and Non‐TM respectively. However, no statistically significant difference was obtained (p = .326). Our results suggest that TM may have influence on the IVF outcomes. The extent of microlithiasis correlates inversely with the rates of fertilisation and normal fertilisation.     

Effects of the normal sperm morphology rate on the clinical and neonatal outcomes of conventional IVF cycles

The present study assessed the influences of the normal sperm morphology rate on the clinical and neonatal outcomes of conventional in vitro fertilisation cycles. This retrospective study analysed 427 and 2,728 cycles from the normal sperm morphology rate <4% and ≥4% group respectively. The clinical (total fertilisation failure, clinical pregnancy, implantation and abortion) and neonatal (sex, gestational age, preterm birth, birthweight, low birth weight, live births and birth defects of newborns) outcomes were compared. The rate of total fertilisation failure in the normal sperm morphology rate <4% group was significantly higher compared with that in the normal sperm morphology rate ≥4% group (2.8% versus 1.2%, p = .012). Total fertilisation failure was completely resolved by early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The clinical pregnancy, implantation and abortion rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Additionally, the sex, preterm birth, low birth weight, live births and birth defect rates, gestational age and birthweight of newborns were not significantly different between the two groups. Thus, normal sperm morphology rate <4% significantly increased the total fertilisation failure rate but did not affect the clinical or neonatal outcomes.     

Comparison of sibling oocyte outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in vitro fertilization in severe teratozoospermic patients in the first cycle

To follow up the outcome of sibling oocytes subjected to both conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in the first cycles of severe teratozoospermic patients with normal sperm morphology (NSM)or=6 cell embryos on day 3 and blastocyst formation on days 5 and 6, did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was a trend towards a high pregnancy rate cycle in mixed ICSI/IVF embryo transfer (ET) (49.1%). In conclusion, this study showed that in couples with only severe teratozoospermia, there was a benefit in subjecting sibling oocytes to both IVF and ICSI in the first cycle because 24 (28.2%) cycles of total fertilization failure were avoided. Furthermore, despite initially significant higher fertilization rates in ICSI than IVF oocytes, subsequent rates of development from >or=6 cells up to blastocyst stage were the same suggesting that ICSI should be used with caution, as after day 3, ICSI-derived embryo development was compromised compared with IVF.     

Effect of the sexual abstinence period recommended by the World Health Organization on clinical outcomes of fresh embryo transfer cycles with normal ovarian response after intracytoplasmic sperm injection

This study was to investigate whether the sexual abstinence period (SAP) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) affects clinical outcomes. We compared the rate of clinical outcomes between 2–7 and ≥8 days of SAP in first fresh embryo transfer after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in groups of young maternal age (YMA: <38 years) and old maternal age (OMA: ≥38 years). We conducted a retrospective study of 449 first ICSI cycles with a normal ovarian response. SAP was identified before collecting the semen samples. Semen analysis was performed based on the guidelines recommended by WHO (2010). Sperm preparation was made using the swim‐up method. Patients’ baseline characteristics in the YMA and OMA groups did not differ. The rates of fertilisation, top‐quality embryos on day 3, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, abortion and implantation per cycle were not significantly different between 2–7 and ≥8 days of SAP in the YMA or OMA group. In conclusion, SAP beyond the recommended period by WHO was not associated with the rates of a lower fertilisation and pregnancy in human in vitro fertilisation (IVF). We think that a new criterion of SAP for clinical application in human IVF needs to be considered by WHO.     

Development a nomogram to predict fertilisation rate of infertile males with borderline semen by using semen parameters combined with AMH and INHB

The sperm quality of some males is in a critical state, making it hard for clinicians to choose the suitable fertilisation methods. This study aimed to develop an intelligent nomogram for predicting fertilisation rate of infertile males with borderline semen. 160 males underwent in vitro fertilisation (IVF), 58 of whom received rescue ICSI (R-ICSI) due to fertilisation failure (fertilisation rate of IVF ≤30%). A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis identified sperm concentration, progressively motile spermatozoa (PMS), seminal plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (spAMH), seminal plasma inhibin (spINHB), serum AMH (serAMH) and serum INHB (serINHB) as significant predictors. The nomogram was plotted by multivariable logistic regression. This nomogram-illustrated model showed good discrimination, calibration and clinical value. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.762 (p < .001). Calibration curve and Hosmer–Lemeshow test (p = .5261) showed good consistency between the predictions of the nomogram and the actual observations, and decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram was clinically useful. This nomogram may be useful in predicting fertilisation rate, mainly focused on new biomarkers, INHB and AMH. It could assist clinicians and laboratory technicians select appropriate fertilisation methods (IVF or ICSI) for male patients with borderline semen.     

常规IVF完全/部分受精失败后行早期补救ICSI的应用

目的探讨常规短时受精联合早期补救卵胞浆内单精子注射(R-ICSI)在常规体外受精(IVF)失败和低受精率周期中的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年12月在河北省生殖医学中心接受IVF/ICSI-ET助孕治疗的2811个周期的临床资料,根据受精方式不同分为3组:R-ICSI组(210个周期):实施早期R-ICSI;IVF组(2062个周期):行常规IVF助孕;ICSI组(539个周期):直接行ICSI助孕。比较3组患者的一般情况、实验室指标和妊娠结局。结果R-ICSI组的原发不育比例显著高于IVF组(P<0.05),但与ICSI组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。3组患者的平均获卵数、移植胚胎数及MⅡ率比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);R-ICSI组患者的受精率显著高于IVF组和ICSI组(P<0.05);R-ICSI组患者的2PN率显著低于ICSI组(P<0.05),但与IVF组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);R-ICSI组的多PN率显著高于ICSI组,但显著低于IVF组(P<0.05);R-ICSI组患者的优胚率、可利用胚胎率及临床妊娠率均显著低于IVF组和ICSI组(P<0.05);R-ICSI组患者的着床率显著低于IVF组(P<0.05),但与ICSI组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论常规IVF受精失败及低受精的患者行早期R-ICSI可有效克服受精障碍,提高受精率,获得较好的妊娠结局。     

部分ICSI在体外受精胚胎移植中预防受精失败临床效果

目的探讨部分ICSI(half-ICSI)在IVF-ET中预防受精失败的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2013年3月在本院生殖中心行half-ICSI治疗的77例患者(77个周期)。在77个周期中,一半卵母细胞行常规IVF受精,一半卵母细胞行ICSI治疗。在行half-ICSI患者中,以行IVF的一半卵母细胞是否正常受精进行分组:受精失败组(A组,31例)和受精正常组(B组,46例),对比两组患者的女方年龄、不育年限、不育原因、获卵数、成熟卵比例、优质胚胎率、种植率及妊娠率和临床累积妊娠率,同时比较两组ICSI的正常受精率及异常受精率。结果77个周期中常规IVF的受精率低下占40.2%(31/77),其中完全受精失败占25.9%(20/77)。受精失败组的不育年限比正常受精组长,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组的女方年龄、不育原因、获卵数、成熟卵比例、优质胚胎率、临床累积妊娠率相比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。常规IVF受精失败组的胚胎移植数多于受精正常组,差异有统计学差异(P0.05),但两组的种植率及妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组中ICSI的正常受精率和异常受精率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),但B组的可用胚胎数多于A组,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于原发不育年限较长,且无明确不育原因的患者可选择行half-ICSI受精方式,其不仅能有效防止受精失败,还能获得较理想的妊娠结局,这是预防受精失败行之有效的方法之一。     

ICSI对高龄非男性因素不孕患者生育结局的影响

目的回顾性分析高龄非男性因素不孕患者ICSI或IVF受精后的临床结局,探讨ICSI在这类患者中的应用。方法回顾性分析2016～2018年期间在重庆妇幼保健院因非男性因素不孕接受微刺激促排卵方案治疗的高龄女性患者(≥38岁)的临床资料,根据受精方式分为ICSI组(n=189,共334个周期)和IVF组(n=189,共325个周期)。比较两组之间周期取消率、2PN受精率、优胚率、流产率及活产率的差异。结果两组之间患者年龄和获卵数均无显著性差异(P>0.05);ICSI组MⅡ卵率(85.92%vs. 92.27%)显著低于IVF组,2PN受精率(77.87%vs. 71.77%)和卵裂率(98.53%vs. 96.27%)显著高于IVF组(P均<0.05);两组之间的周期取消率、优胚率、胚胎冷冻率、流产率及活产率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 ICSI不能改善高龄非男性因素不孕患者胚胎质量和临床结局,此类患者首次助孕应选择IVF授精方式,而前次无2PN胚胎取消周期史的患者ICSI虽不能规避再次取消周期的风险但可有效改善其妊娠结局。     

ICSI outcomes in men undergoing TESE for azoospermia and impact of maternal age

This retrospective study compared clinical outcomes in men with obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia after ICSI following testicular sperm extraction and the influence of maternal age. Fertilisation rates, embryo quality, pregnancy rates, miscarriage rates and live birth rates were evaluated. Men with obstructive azoospermia (OA) had significantly higher rates of diploid fertilisation and clinical pregnancy than men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), but miscarriage rates and live birth rates were not significantly different. The higher rates of fertilisation, embryo quality and clinical pregnancy in men with OA were statistically significant when their female partners were <35 years but results were similar in both groups when female partners ≥35 years. Although the OA group had better overall quality embryos than the NOA group when maternal age was <35 years, embryologists can select the morphologically better embryos for transfer, eliminating the effect of embryo quality differences present in these two groups. Understanding more about factors that affect TESE/ICSI outcomes will not only help us predict patients' outcomes but it can help us educate and better counsel our patients.     

卵细胞胞质内单精子注射对体外受精能力缺陷的改善

目的:评价前一周期行体外受精(IVF)失败和受精率低后,改行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)的受精效果。方法:行ICSI治疗的113例患者136周期分为两组:因严重少弱精子症而行ICSI的106个周期(组1);因前次常规IVF受精失败或受精率低于20%而改行ICSI的30个周期(组2)。比较两组间卵母细胞的正常受精率、优质胚胎率和妊娠率的差异,并对第2组受精率的分布进行分析,以了解改行ICSI后受精效果的改善情况。结果:改行ICSI后,两组的正常受精率和优质胚胎率差异均无显著性(70.49%vs72.02%;38.28%vs38.81%)(P>0.05)。两组的临床妊娠率分别为40.57%和40.00%,差异也无显著性(P>0.05)。改行ICSI后,大部分周期(70.00%,21/30)的受精率都在50%以上,平均受精率为79.79%,受精效果得到明显改善。结论:IVF受精失败和受精率低可以通过行ICSI而获得较好结局。     

不同时间行早期补救ICSI在IVF完全受精失败周期中的临床结局

目的 探讨短时授精后判定为完全受精失败患者于不同时间行补救ICSI的临床结局.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年4月在南京医科大学第一附属医院临床生殖医学中心行短时授精后完全受精失败的补救ICSI周期.符合纳入标准的病例共607个周期,根据IVF授精后行补救ICSI时间的不同分为4组:授精后4～5 h(A组,n...     

Leucocyte subpopulations in the seminal plasma and their effects on fertilisation rates in an IVF cycle

Controversy exists on the role of leucocytospermia on fertilisation rates and IVF outcomes. The aim of our study was to identify the effect of leucocytes and leucocyte subpopulations on fertilisation rates in an IVF cycle. A prospective comparative study of the leucocyte subpopulations of seminal fluid of partners of women attending an IVF cycle was conducted. The samples underwent immunocytochemical staining. The monoclonal antibodies used in this study include CD3, CD4, CD8 (T Cells), CD14 (monocytes/macrophages), CD16 (granulocytes), CD20 (B Cells), CD45 (Pan Leucocytes), CD56 (natural killer cells) and CD69 (activated T and B Cells). Of 21 patients who were recruited into the study, seven were identified as poor fertilisers (<35%) and 14 were identified as good fertilisers (>60%). Data were analysed with SPSS version 14. The total leucocyte counts (CD45) between the poor and good fertilisers were not statistically significant. The macrophages and the monocytes (CD14) were significantly elevated in the good fertilisers group in comparison with the poor fertilisers (P < 0.05). We also found that T cells (CD2, CD4, CD8) and CD14 (macrophages) correlated significantly (r = 0.47, P value < 0.01) with the fertilisation rate. Our study confirms that the presence of leucocytes does not adversely affect the fertilisation rates and the outcome of an IVF cycle. However, macrophages and the monocytes (CD14) were significantly elevated in the good fertilisers group. The increased phagocytic activity in these individuals might increase their fertilising potential by removing spermatozoa with abnormal morphology.     

常规体外受精失败后6h补行卵胞浆内单精子注射及其严格指征的临床意义

目的探讨为进一步严格控制卵胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）指征,在常规体外受精（IVF）失败后6h补行ICSI的方法对临床结果的影响。方法回顾分析本中心2006年1月至2007年11月常规IVF或ICSI的方法进行的治疗周期（A组）与2007年12月至2008年11月修改ICSI指征后,使用常规IVF及受精失败后6h补行ICSI的方法进行的治疗周期（B组）比较两个时期的总周期的临床妊娠率和ICSI所占比例。结果A组799周期,临床妊娠率为35．29％,其中行ICSI369例,占总周期46．18％;B组704周期,临床妊娠率为42．19％,其中行ICSI190例,占总周期26．99％。两组的总临床妊娠率有显著性差异,行ICSI的比例也有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论使用常规IVF受精失败后6h补行ICSI的方法,修改ICSI指征,ICSI比例降低,对本中心的临床妊娠率无影响。     

卵胞浆内单精子注射在常规体外受精失败病例中的应用

目的评价卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)对常规体外受精(IVF)失败病例的应用效果。方法对于常规IVF受精失败的病人在第2天进行补救ICSI(A组)21个周期,或在下一个周期直接应用ICSI技术治疗(B组)18个周期。分别与因严重少、弱精子症而行ICSI的243周期(对照组)的受精率、优质胚胎率和妊娠率等进行比较。结果A组的受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率分别为61.53%、81.73%、72.94%,均比B组的83.87%、97.69%、84.25%显著降低(P<0.05),而两组的多原核率差异无显著性(3.55%vs1.29%,P>0.05)。比较临床妊娠率、种植率和冷冻周期率,B组与对照组均无显著差异,而A组与对照组均有显著差异。结论常规IVF受精失败者可通过第2天补救ICSI或下一周期直接行ICSI而提高受精率和种植率,而后者比前者能获得更好的妊娠结局。