旋毛虫感染黑线仓鼠及其白化突变系细胞因子变化比较分析

目的：比较旋毛虫感染黑线仓鼠及其白化突变系后两种动物免疫状态的变化,建立适合感染寄生虫的动物模型。方法用旋毛虫感染黑线仓鼠及其白化突变系后,通过检测血细胞生理值、脾脏 IL-2蛋白浓度和脾脏 IL-6基因表达水平,分析两种动物在感染旋毛虫前后免疫应答水平及免疫调控状态的变化。结果黑线仓鼠在感染旋毛虫后免疫细胞及细胞因子的水平高于白化突变系,反应程度更加剧烈。结论黑线仓鼠是旋毛虫感染的较为适宜的模型动物。     

封闭群子午沙鼠的寄生虫感染及药物净化效果

目的 为建立清洁级子午沙鼠种群奠定基础,为制定子午沙鼠寄生虫检测标准提供参考依据。方法 对封闭群子午沙鼠寄生虫感染情况进行调查研究,选择胺菊·氯菊酯、吡喹酮、替硝唑三种药物,分为高、中、低剂量对子午沙鼠用药,观察子午沙鼠体内外寄生虫驱除情况。结果 在子午沙鼠体内检出鼠三毛滴虫和短膜壳绦虫两种体内寄生虫,体外寄生虫有鼠肉螨。高、中、低剂量组能不同程度杀死子午沙鼠体表食肉螨,鼠肉螨用1%的胺菊·氯菊酯药浴子午沙鼠三次即可驱除子午沙鼠体表的鼠肉螨,有螨动物只数为零。吡喹酮中剂量组（31 mg/kg）有完全杀死子午沙鼠体内短膜壳绦虫的作用,且为最佳给药剂量。替硝唑中剂量组（42 mg/kg）为净化子午沙鼠体内鼠三毛滴虫的最佳剂量。结论 现有的子午沙鼠体内有鼠三毛滴虫和短膜壳绦虫感染,体外有鼠肉螨寄生,三种抗寄生虫药物具有选择性驱除这些寄生虫的作用。     

Vector databank in the Indian armed forces

Background: Medical intelligence of disease vectors deals with understanding vector distribution and control.     

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae causing nosocomial infections in Mexico. A retrospective and multicenter study

Background and Aims

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) production is still the most frequent mechanism of resistance to cephalosporins in gram-negative bacteria. The aim of the study was to identify the types of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates causing nosocomial infections in Mexico.

Methods

ESBL production was performed using a disk diffusion method. The MIC for several antibiotics was performed by agar dilution on Mueller-Hinton. PFGE typing was carried out on all enterobacteria assayed. The β-lactamase pattern was obtained by IEF and bioassay. Genes of β-lactamases were amplified by PCR with specific primers and products were sequenced and analyzed using informatics programs. Plasmid isolation and conjugation experiments were carried out using standard methodologies.

Results

There were 134 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae included from a retrospective and multicenter study that included eight Mexican hospitals from 1999 to 2005. The most prevalent species were K. pneumoniae (56%), Enterobacter cloacae (29%), and Escherichia coli (15%). Molecular analysis identified the underlying endemic and polyclonal spread of enterobacterials in each hospital. The most frequent ESBLs identified were SHV-type (84%), TLA-1 (11%), and CTX-M-15 (5%). Successful matings were detected in 68.4% (71/104) isolates.

Conclusions

ESBL-producer K. pneumoniae remains the most frequent bacterial species obtained in nosocomial infections. The SHV-type and TLA-1 ESBLs were disseminated in most hospitals analyzed and CTX-M-15 was emerging in one of the studied hospitals. This work highlights the proper use of antibiotics to avoid the selection of these types of multiresistant bacteria.     

野生树鼩肠道蠕虫感染调查及分析

目的调查野生树鼩(Tupaia belangeri Chinensis)感染肠道蠕虫的主要种类并进行鉴定,为今后树鼩寄生虫检测提供形态学参考,为实验树鼩寄生虫控制提供依据。方法采集203只野外来源的树鼩新鲜粪便,虫卵采用常规粪便直接涂片以及孵化后显微镜观察;绦虫采用压片、固定染色,以及线虫经透明后体视镜观察,虫卵与成虫相对应鉴定。结果野生树鼩肠道蠕虫的总感染率为75.86%,主要感染种类有3种,经鉴定为长膜壳绦虫、奇口线虫和粪类圆线虫,感染率分别为27.67%,30.06%和51.52%。三种蠕虫的混合感染率为4.55%。两种线虫虫卵在树鼩粪便中多为含胚胎形态。结论野生树鼩肠道蠕虫的感染率较高。对野外引入的新种源必须隔离检疫,进行针对性的药物治疗,才能有效地控制肠道寄生虫病的传播。     

鼠三毛滴虫新疆灰仓鼠分离株形态学观察及其16S rRNA基因分析

目的 对从新疆实验动物研究中心饲养的封闭群灰仓鼠体内分离到的1株鞭毛虫进行形态学鉴定及基因鉴定。方法 取灰仓鼠回盲部内容物进行直接涂片和常规姬姆萨染色后镜检观察,提取虫体总DNA,PCR扩增该鞭毛虫的16S rRNA基因,测序后与国外已报道的鞭毛虫进行核酸同源性分析,并应用MEGA5.22软件绘制系统发育进化树。结果 形态学观察表明分离到的鞭毛虫为鼠三毛滴虫。测序后核酸同源性分析表明鼠三毛滴虫新疆灰仓鼠分离株16S rRNA序列与国外已报道的三毛滴虫高度同源。系统发育进化树表明鼠三毛滴虫新疆灰仓鼠分离株序列与已报道的鼠三毛滴虫16S rRNA（序列号AY886846.1） 位于同一进化分支,与其他相关三毛滴虫亲缘关系较远。结论 形态学鉴定和16 S rRNA基因分析表明,此次从新疆实验动物研究中心饲养的封闭群灰仓鼠体内分离到的鞭毛虫为鼠三毛滴虫。     

A patient with fever and an abdominal aortic aneurysm

A 55-year-old man with an abdominal aortic aneurysm presented with fever and abdominal pain 3 weeks after an episode of Salmonella gastroenteritis. His symptoms persisted despite antimicrobial therapy. Two abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans showed no evidence of aortitis. His abdominal pain worsened and further investigation including a third CT scan demonstrated a leaking aortic aneurysm. The wall of the aorta was shown to contain Gram-negative bacilli. This case illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing bacterial aortitis.     

香附对川芎中阿魏酸在正常及偏头痛模型大鼠体内药代动力学的影响

目的：研究香附对川芎中阿魏酸（FA）在正常及偏头痛模型大鼠体内的药代动力学影响。方法：用硝酸甘油制作偏头痛大鼠模型,给正常及模型大鼠灌服川芎和川芎-香附合煎液,采用HPLC法检测给药后不同时间大鼠血浆中FA的浓度,DAS2.0软件计算药代动力学参数。结果：正常组中川芎配伍香附后FA的吸收半衰期t1/2Ka明显缩短（P<0.05）,达峰时间tmax提前（P<0.05）,但其他参数与配伍前并无差异。模型组中川芎配伍香附后FA的Cmax、药时曲线下面积AUC(0-t)、分布半衰期t1/2α、表观分布容积V1/F 显著增大（P<0.01）,达峰时间tmax提前,清除率CL/F显著降低（P<0.01）。结论：在正常大鼠体内,香附加快了FA的吸收,而在偏头痛模型大鼠体内,香附能减慢FA在体内的分布和代谢,延长药物成分在体内的作用时间,从而提高了FA的生物利用度。     

Methylation of RAR-β2, RASSF1A, and CDKN2A Genes Induced by Nickel Subsulfide and Nickel-carcinogenesis in Rats

Objective To investigate the expression variation of RAR‐β2, RASSF1A, and CDKN2A gene in the process of nickel‐induced carcinogenesis. Methods Nickel subsulfide (Ni 3 S 2 ) at dose of 10 mg was given to Wistar rats by intramuscular injection. The mRNA expression of the three genes in induced tumors and their lung metastasis were examined by Real‐time PCR. The methylation status of the 5’ region of these genes were detected by Quantitative Real‐time methylation specific PCR. Results The mRNA expressions of t...     

白芷、川芎药对配伍挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的 研究白芷、川芎单味药及其药对的挥发油成分,并考察白芷、川芎药对配伍对挥发油成分的影响。方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取白芷、川芎单味药及其药对的挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,结合计算机检索,并与文献资料比对,进行化学成分的分离和鉴定。色谱条件：TR5-MS毛细管色谱柱（30 m× 0.25 mm,0.25 μm）;载气为高纯氦气;进样口温度250℃;进样量1 μL,分流比50：1;恒流模式,载气流速1.00 mL/min;程序升温：起始温度50℃,保持1 min,以5℃/min 的速率升至240℃,保持1 min,然后以5℃/min 升至280℃,并保持1 min。质谱条件：电子轰击（EI）离子源,电子能量70 eV,离子源温度220℃,传输线温度280℃,质量范围（m/z）：50～650 amu,数据采集扫描模式为全扫描,溶剂延迟5 min。结果 在白芷、川芎、药对（1：1）、药对（4：1）的挥发油及白芷、川芎等浓度挥发油混合物（药对等浓度挥发油）中分别鉴定出69、59 、59、60、78 种化合物,其中共有成分19种。结论 从挥发油的组分及含量来看,不同配伍比例药对挥发油的成分有很大的不同,单味药挥发油组分的含量在药对中都发生了变化。     

Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of acetone and aqueous extracts of the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae)

Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance and other problems associated with combination therapy have generated a considerable interest in the search for alternative therapeutic agents. In order to identify novel sources of such agents, the antimicrobial activity of five solvent extracts of the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea was investigated against 30 clinical strains of H. pylori and a reference strain NCTC 11638 using standard microbiological techniques. Metronidazole and amoxicillin were included in these experiments as positive control antibiotics. The active phytocomponents were detected by TLC and indirect bioautography. All the extracts exhibited anti-H. pylori activity with zone diameters of inhibition between 0 and 21 mm. The acetone and aqueous extracts showed potent anti-H. pylori activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC(90)) values ranging from 0.06-2.50 mg/mL, whereas those for the control antibiotics ranged from 0.001-5.0 mg/mL. The acetone extract was highly bactericidal at 1.2 mg/mL with complete elimination of the organisms within 18 h. The activity of both acetone and aqueous extracts was better than metronidazole (p<0.05). Most of the active phytocomponents were located in the acetone extract; R(f)≤0.62 with >90% inhibition. These results demonstrate that the acetone and aqueous extracts of S. birrea may contain compounds with therapeutic activity; therefore, they may represent potential sources of new anti-H. pylori regimen.     

Quadruple therapy for symptomatic spontaneous duodenal ulcer disease

AIM—To investigate Helicobacter pylori eradication in duodenal ulcer patients with a new regimen, lansoprazole 30 mg daily for one or four weeks plus twice daily tetracycline 500 mg, clarithromycin 250 mg, and metronidazole 400 mg.
BACKGROUND—Spontaneous duodenal ulcer is regularly associated with H pylori, and permanent cure follows eradication of this bacterium. Numerous treatments have been proposed and none is ideal, possibly because of primary or acquired antibiotic resistance. Quadruple regimens with proton pump inhibitor therapy and three antibiotics offer promise as the most effective therapy.
METHODS—From November 1995 all patients with spontaneous duodenal ulcer were offered quadruple therapy. A month after completion a carbon 14 urea breath test (UBT) was performed. Sensitivity of H pylori to the antibiotics used was tested in 1992-3, 1996, and 1999.
RESULTS—A total of 331 patients were treated; 313 attended for a UBT, of which 299 were negative (95.5%). Of those patients who had an endoscopy with positive urease test immediately before treatment, 95/101 (94.0%) on lansoprazole for one week and 116/121 (95.8%) on lansoprazole for four weeks had a negative UBT. H pylori antibiotic sensitivity did not change.
CONCLUSION—This regimen produced some of the best results yet seen and may be generally recommended as first line therapy.


     

裸项栉鰕虎鱼感染创伤弧菌初报

目的 分离及鉴定感染实验用鰕虎鱼的病原菌。方法 将病料分离培养,纯化培养后,用16s rRNA及生理生化方法鉴定病原菌。结果 分离到了革兰阴性弧菌,命名为：GDLAMI-1210株,显微镜下观察为逗点样形态,电镜下可看到菌的一端钝圆,一端长杆弯曲的鞭毛,生理生化鉴定结果与弧菌一致,16s rRNA测序结果与创伤弧菌标准菌株（ATCC27562T）等聚为一类菌,回归实验证实该菌对裸项栉鰕虎鱼有一定的致病性。结论 裸项栉鰕虎鱼感染创伤弧菌初报。     

It could only happen to a doctor--Haemophilus aphrophilus septicaemia complicated by a prevertebral infection after dental work

A 53 year old man presented with severe neck pain and a flu-like illness; he had recently returned from Sri Lanka and had had dental treatment six days before illness onset. Blood culture showed infection by Haemophilus aphrophilus. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed and exploratory surgery undertaken. The prevertebral cervical fascia was inflamed but no abscess identified. He was treated with antibiotics and made an uneventful recovery.     

Serological evidence of chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in coronary artery disease

Background : Recent studies have suggested that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection could be involved in atherosclerosis and related clinical manifestations such as coronary artery disease, carotid artery stenosis and myocardial infarction.