Adsorption of human serum albumin by asbestiform minerals and its application to the measurement of surface areas of dispersed samples of chrysotile

The adsorption of protein by various asbestiform minerals was measured using iodine-131 labelled human serum albumin. It was shown that the amount of albumin adsorbed by chrysotile is very dependent upon the degree of dispersion of the material, and tends to a maximum of about 70 mg/g for fully opened samples at an equilibrium concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. Removal of magnesium from chrysotile by acid leaching produces a progressive decline in its affinity for protein. Calculations of the surface area of dispersed chrysotile, based on the amount of albumin adsorbed, correspond quite well with measurements of surface area by nitrogen adsorption. It is suggested that albumin adsorption provides a simple and convenient technique for characterising the degree of dispersion of chrysotile in suspension. The affinity of albumin for amphiboles is less than for chrysotile and by contrast, dispersion by shaking or by ultrasonic treatment produces little change in uptake.     

人口老龄化视域下我国中医药健康服务资源配置研究*

目的：分析全国中医药健康服务资源配置效率,为人口老龄化视域下优化中医药健康服务资源配置提供数据参考。方法：运用三阶段数据包络方法以及协调发展度模型分析人口老龄化与中医药健康服务资源配置的协调关系。结果： （1）考虑人口老龄化因素和财政拨款,全国中医药健康服务资源的综合技术效率、规模效率均值提升,纯技术效率均值下降。（2） 2018—2019年人口老龄化与中医药健康服务资源整体协调发展度优于2015—2017年;各省份协调发展度呈现相对稳定、缓慢下降、逐步上升、上下波动等多形态现况。结论：人口老龄化对中医药健康服务资源配置有影响;人口老龄化背景下各地区中医药健康服务资源配置效率不均衡;各地区人口老龄化程度与中医药健康服务资源协调发展度有差异。     

肝硬化患者Pd、QTd和JTd测定的临床意义

目的测定肝硬化患者心电图P波离散度(Pd)、QT离散度(QTd)及JT离散度(JTd)数值,探讨其临床意义。方法按Child分级标准将60例肝硬化患者分为A、B、C级三组,测量同步12导联心电图Pd、QTd和JTd数值变化以及与总胆红素、白蛋白的相关性,并与30例健康者(对照组)比较。结果肝硬化患者出现心电图改变者占61.7%,高于对照组(36.7%,P<0.05);Pd、QTd和JTd数值高于对照组(P<0.01);且三组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Pd、QTd和JTd与总胆红素呈正相关(P<0.01),与白蛋白呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论肝硬化患者存在着心电图的改变,Pd、QTd和JTd数值的变化可评价肝硬化的严重程度,并能了解预后及指导临床治疗。     

Use of polymethylmethacrylate for intensifying the treatment of steel parts in rotating containers]

Basic regularities governing the surface dispersion of lwo-carbon grades of steel in a polymer-abrasive medium during treatment of workpieces (the deburring, descaling and rounding of sharp edges) in revolving drum-containers were investigated. Relationships between the amount of the metal scraped off and the consumption of the abrasive filler, on the one hand, and the percentage of the polymer, on the other, as well as the influence exerted by the metal dispersion products and abrasive granules amassing in the containers of these relationships are shown. It is pointed out that the modification of the technological medium by adding polymethylmethacrylate to it helps increase the efficiency of the operation by a factor of two.     

Analysis of factors affecting the results of estimation of the detective quantum efficiency of digital X-ray detectors within high and low spatial frequency ranges

Factors affecting the results of estimation of the detective quantum efficiency of digital X-ray detectors within high and low spatial frequency ranges are studied. These factors include energy dispersion and loss in the conversion channel, nonuniformity of the X-ray detector irradiation field, and the internal noise of the system.     

Chloride Transport Parameters Prediction for a Clay-Loam Soil Column

Water scarcity makes treated wastewater an unavoidable supplementary irrigation water source. Furthermore treated municipal wastewater quality depends on the fresh water quality and usage as well as on the wastewater treatment plant’s degree and efficiency. The main recipient of all chemical compounds contained in this effluent, via irrigation, is soil. Models have been developed to predict factors involved in contaminants movement phenomenon through soil. In the reused effluent, chloride is much of a concern as a conservative pollutant. In this work the chloride breakthrough curves were determined for a clay-loam packed soil column by applying a one dimensional advection dispersion equation, to obtain estimates of the solute transport parameters. The comparisons between experimental and calculated results were satisfactory and also conclusions were derived about the flow conditions in the soil column and its uniformity. Also comparisons were made between calculated and cited in the literature values of the parameters satisfactorily.     

Use of the main component method in complex socio-hygienic study of life style and health status of workers' families

On the basis of the survey of 350 families an analysis is made of the impact of some particular living conditions and mode of life on the families health by using the method of main components. This made it possible to range the factors - the main components according to the degree of their influence and to single out the leading ones in the formation of health. The analysis indicated that more than a half of contribution to the general dispersion of the internal structure of health phenomenon of family members is made by lifestyle factors.     

基于集聚度和DEA模型的我国公共卫生资源公平与效率分析

[目的]选取公共卫生资源投入和服务产出指标对我国公共卫生资源配置的公平性与利用效率进行研究.[方法]基于集聚度计算公共卫生资源集聚水平,运用熵权TOPSIS法确定指标权重并评价公共卫生资源集聚特征,运用数据包络分析法评价公共卫生资源利用效率.[结果]我国东中部地区的公共卫生资源集聚度均大于1,西部各类公共卫生资源的集聚...     

“全面两孩”政策下“80后”父母的再生育动机及其影响因素调查

目的:调查"全面两孩"政策下,1980年以后出生(简称"80后")父母的再生育动机及其影响因素。方法:采用多阶段抽样方法于重庆市抽取626名"80后"父母,以自编《"80后"父母再生育动机及影响因素问卷》为工具进行调查。结果:(1)城市与农村人口的再生育动机得分在是否为独生子女、一胎性别、受教育程度、家庭年收入上存在统计学差异(P0.001);(2)"打算再生育"组在传宗接代、养儿防老、促进家庭和睦、利于孩子成长与教育、提高家庭地位、寄托理想这6类再生育动机得分上高于"不打算再生育"组(P0.001);(3)经逐步多元回归分析得出,儿时孤独感、赡养老人压力感、长辈催促程度、对教育资源的乐观度均正向影响再生育动机得分(β=0.313、0.261、0.158、0.093,均P0.001),儿时父母精力分散程度负向影响再生育动机得分(β=-0.250,P0.001)。结论:"80后"父母再生育决策动机包括传宗接代、养儿防老、促进家庭和睦、利于孩子成长与教育、提高家庭地位以及寄托理想;再生育动机主要受儿时孤独感、赡养老人压力感、儿时父母精力分散程度、长辈催促程度、对教育资源的乐观度等因素的影响。     

单、双侧PVP对治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的优越性探讨

目的：探讨经单、双侧椎弓根途径行PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的优越性。方法：选取2012年3月-2013年8月本院收治的53例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为单侧组28例和双侧组25例,单侧组经一侧椎弓根行PVP,双侧组经两侧椎弓根行PVP。观察比较两组患者的手术时间、术中X线透视次数、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥在椎体内弥散程度、视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）改善率、椎体高度恢复及并发症发生情况。结果：两组的VAS改善率、椎骨高度恢复及骨水泥在椎体内弥散程度比较差异均无统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而单侧组的手术时间明显短于双侧组,术中X线透视次数、骨水泥用量均明显少于双侧组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组均无脊髓神经损伤、肺栓塞等并发症的发生。结论：单、双侧PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折均可取得同样满意的临床疗效,但单侧具有手术时间短、放射暴露少、患者痛苦小等优越性,值得临床推广。     

卫生杀虫剂常用剂型对手动式喷雾器雾化性能的影响

目的通过对不同喷雾液剂型对手动式喷雾器的雾化效果的比较,为卫生喷雾器性能评价和卫生杀虫剂剂型的科学选择提供参考。方法应用手压式喷雾器锥形喷头分别雾化乳油、可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂微胶囊悬浮剂和纯水,观察和比较各剂型雾滴的粒谱分布、雾形分散等性能参数。结果与水剂雾化效果相比,除悬浮剂雾形分散角减小外,其余3种雾形分散度略有增大;结合雾粒分散均匀性观察,各剂型雾化效果表现为:乳油>微胶囊悬浮剂>水剂>可湿性粉剂>悬浮剂;各剂型雾粒比水剂型雾粒细,雾粒体积中径(VMD)均小于100μm,大小依次为乳油<微胶囊悬浮剂<可湿性粉剂<悬浮剂;雾粒尺寸分布跨度均大于水剂,依次为微胶囊悬浮剂>乳油>可湿性粉剂>悬浮剂。结论喷雾液的剂型是决定手压式喷雾器雾化效能的一个重要因素。其中均质性溶液的雾化效果好于非均质型,但雾粒小产生飘移的风险相对较高。卫生处理时应针对环境和防控对象合理选择喷雾剂型。     

Interval estimation of the over‐dispersion parameter in the analysis of one‐way layout of count data

The over‐dispersion parameter is an important and versatile measure in the analysis of one‐way layout of count data in biological studies. For example, it is commonly used as an inverse measure of aggregation in biological count data. Its estimation from finite data sets is a recognized challenge. Many simulation studies have examined the bias and efficiency of different estimators of the over‐dispersion parameter for finite data sets (see, for example, Clark and Perry, Biometrics 1989; 45:309–316 and Piegorsch, Biometrics 1990; 46:863–867), but little attention has been paid to the accuracy of the confidence intervals (CIs) of it. In this paper, we first derive asymptotic procedures for the construction of confidence limits for the over‐dispersion parameter using four estimators that are specified by only the first two moments of the counts. We also obtain closed‐form asymptotic variance formulae for these four estimators. In addition, we consider the asymptotic CI based on the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator using the negative binomial model. It appears from the simulation results that the asymptotic CIs based on these five estimators have coverage below the nominal coverage probability. To remedy this, we also study the properties of the asymptotic CIs based on the restricted estimates of ML, extended quasi‐likelihood, and double extended quasi‐likelihood by eliminating the nuisance parameter effect using their adjusted profile likelihood and quasi‐likelihoods. It is shown that these CIs outperform the competitors by providing coverage levels close to nominal over a wide range of parameter combinations. Two examples to biological count data are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

透析用水处理系统软水器再生装置的原理及改进方法

目的：探讨在低成本情况下提高软水器软水效率的方法。方法：了解软水器及其再生装置的工作原理，根据离子交换原理，科学设置盐桶隔板高度，保证盐液饱和度，提高软水器再生效率。结果：对盐桶简易改造后其软水硬度指标≤17 ppm，符合临床透析用水标准。结论：在确保安全的前提下通过对透析用水处理系统软水器再生装置简单改造，可提高医疗设备的工作效率和延长设备的使用寿命，对提高医院社会效益和经济效益具有重大意义。     

Bias-corrected maximum likelihood estimator of the intraclass correlation parameter for binary data

A popular model to analyse over/under-dispersed proportions is to assume the extended beta-binomial model with dispersion (intraclass correlation) parameter phi and then to estimate this parameter by maximum likelihood. However, it is well known that maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) may be biased when the sample size n or the total Fisher information is small. In this paper we obtain a bias-corrected maximum likelihood (BCML) estimator of the intraclass correlation parameter and compare it, by simulation, in terms of bias and efficiency, with the MLE, an estimator Q(2) based on optimal quadratic estimating equations of Crowder and recommended by Paul et al. and a double extended quasi-likelihood (DEQL) estimator proposed by Lee. The BCML estimator has superior bias and efficiency properties in most instances. Analyses of a set of toxicological data from Paul and a set of medical data pertaining to chromosomal abnormalities among survivors of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima from Otake and Prentice show, in general, much improvement in standard errors of the BCML estimates over the other three estimates.     

Structure and dynamics of systemic organization of the cardiorespiratory function during the adaptation process of miners to occupational factors in deep coal mines

Characteristics of the systems organization of the cardiorespiratory function were analyzed in miners of different age. The findings were compared to the data on labour turnover, work efficiency and the rate of cardiovascular diseases. It is indicated that an initial adaptation period in deep coal mines was accompanied by the stress of vegetative regulatory mechanisms, significant labour turnover and low work efficiency of miners. The stage of resistant adaptation was characterized by raising functional flexibility, decrease in labour turnover and elevation of the degree of professional work capacity. For miners aged 35 and older the process of systems restructuring of vegetative functions was followed by the decrease in labour efficiency and significant growth of cardiovascular diseases.     

在DEA模型中应用病例组合指数评价医院服务效率

目的 应用病例组合指数在DEA模型中估计医院的相对服务效率。方法 首先应用信息理论计算病例组合指数，再将其与出院人数的乘积(产出量)作为产出指标，在DEA模型中估计医院的相对服务效率。结果 应用病例组合指数所得到的效率值更加合理准确；大多数医院处于规模收益递减、低效率的运行状态。结论 此方法考虑到了疾病严重程度对于医院服务效率的影响，使估计的效率值更加准确、可靠。     

医院员工满意度影响因素分析

目的:分析医院员工对工作的满意度情况,尝试找出影响因素,以便更为有效地提高员工工作成效.方法:对上海交通大学医学院附属第三人民医院2003年、2005年的职工满意度调查结果进行比较,分析引起满意度变化的影响因素.结果:医院满意度得到提高,但在某些方面存在不足.结论:针对影响员工满意度的重要因素提出的几点策略,有效地提高了员工工作成效.     

Use of tracer gas technique for industrial exhaust hood efficiency evaluation--where to sample?

A tracer gas technique using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was developed for the evaluation of industrial exhaust hood efficiency. In addition to other parameters, accuracy of this method depends on proper location of the sampling probe. The sampling probe should be located in the duct at a minimum distance from the investigated hood where the SF6 is dispersed uniformly across the duct cross section. To determine the minimum sampling distance, the SF6 dispersion in the duct in fully developed turbulent flow was studied at four duct configurations frequently found in industry: straight duct, straight duct-side branch, straight duct-one elbow, and straight duct-two elbows combinations. Based on the established SF6 dispersion factor, the minimum sampling distances were determined as follows: for straight duct, at least 50 duct diameters; for straight duct-side branch combination, at least 25 duct diameters; for straight duct-one elbow combination, 7 duct diameters; and for straight duct-two elbow combination, 4 duct diameters. Sampling at (or beyond) these distances minimizes the error caused by the non-homogeneous dispersion of SF6 in the duct and contributes to the accuracy of the tracer gas technique.     

A descriptive assessment of the production and cost efficiency of general hospitals in Greece

This paper focuses on the assessment of alternative aspects of the efficiency of 98 out of 126 hospitals of the Greek national health system. The analysis is directly concerned with the degree of utilisation of resources and the production efficiency of the general hospitals selected. For the measurement of the indices of efficiency, the internationally known method of Data Envelopment Analysis (modified to the particular characteristics of the Greek NHS) was used. The efficiency of Greek hospitals was assessed utilising two alternative conceptual models: one focusing on production and the other on cost efficiency. The results, in both cases, indicated the scope for substantial efficiency improvements. The analysis has sought to discuss the policy implications resulting from the current efficiency status of the hospitals with reference to issues of resource reallocation and optimal scale size.     

爱宝疗浓缩液用于宫颈糜烂的临床疗效分析

目的 观察爱宝疗浓缩液对宫颈糜烂的治疗效果。方法用爱宝疗浓缩液阴道给药,隔天用药1次,6次为一疗程,于用药后1个月、2个月、3个月3个阶段观察并分析效果。结果治疗效果因宫颈糜烂程度不同而有所差异,爱宝疗对不同程度宫颈糜烂均有效,总有效率达87．5％以上。结论爱宝疗浓缩液治疗宫颈糜烂应用简便,副作用少,疗效可靠。