Pur-α在米非司酮中期引产胎儿肝、肾、脑组织的表达

目的探讨米非司酮对中孕胎儿肝、肾、脑组织损伤的可能性.方法采用免疫组化方法,检测17例米非司酮中期引产胎儿肝、肾、脑组织DNA损伤基因Pur-α的表达.实验组按孕龄分为:Ⅰ组6例孕12～15w;Ⅱ组8例孕16～23w;Ⅲ组3例孕24-28w.水囊引产胎儿5例,设为对照组;结果实验组pur-α呈强阳性表达(P＜0.01).对照组pur-α均呈阴性表达.结论中期妊娠使用米非司酮可造成胎儿肝、肾、脑组织的损伤.pur-α是检测基因损伤最敏感的指标之一.     

HSP70在慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨热休克蛋白 70 ( HSP70 )在慢性乙型肝炎肝组织中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化技术对 3 6例慢性乙型肝炎和 2 0例正常肝组织中 HSP70的表达进行检测。结果慢性乙型肝炎和正常肝组织中肝细胞 HSP70表达阳性率分别为 4 5 %和 15 % ,两者相比差异显著 ( χ2 =6.3 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;中度和重度肝炎 HSP70阳性率明显高于轻度肝炎 (阳性率分别为 62 .5 %和 3 0 % ,χ2 =3 .9,P<0 .0 5 ) ;HSP70阳性细胞多位于灶性和碎屑样坏死区。结论肝细胞 HSP70的异常表达在慢性乙型肝炎免疫保护中起重要作用 ,可作为肝组织损伤的一种标志。     

肌肽对大鼠缺血-再灌注损伤后热休克蛋白70及炎性因子表达水平的影响

目的通过失血性休克大鼠血液回输后造成的缺血-再灌注损伤(IRI)模型,研究肌肽对IRI后丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)浓度、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)及炎性因子表达水平的影响。方法27只Wistar大鼠随机分成3组制作IRI模型,大鼠失血至40mmHg→维持20min→放置1h→全血回输→维持3h→处死。大鼠处死后取血浆检测MDA浓度,取肝、脑、肺、心、肾、脾组织制作石蜡切片,通过免疫组化染色比较肝、脑、肺、心、肾、脾组织切片HSP70阳性细胞数;取肝组织提取RNA比较肝组织HSP70及炎性因子mRNA表达量。结果与再灌损伤组相比,肌肽治疗组肝、脑、肺、心、肾、脾组织切片HSP70阳性细胞数及HSPa5、HSPalamRNA表达量明显升高;MDA浓度及IL-6、TNF-α、NF-κB1、SCYA2、SCYA3mRNA表达量明显降低。结论肌肽可以抑制IRI后MDA的生成、从mRNA水平促进HSP70的表达、抑制炎性因子mRNA的表达。     

汉坦病毒感染乳鼠脑组织中HSP70与病毒抗原关系

目的：探讨汉坦病毒（HTNV）感染诱导乳鼠脑组织热休克蛋白（HSPs)表达及热休克蛋白与病毒蛋白的相互关系。方法：采用免疫荧光法检测实验性乳鼠感染脑组织中病毒抗原及HSP70的表达，用ELISA、免疫印迹、免疫共沉淀方法分析病毒抗原和HSP70的表达。结果：HTNV感染诱导了乳鼠脑组织神经细胞高表达HSP70，组织中HTNV－NP与HSP70关系密切，免疫共沉淀结果显示HSP70和HTNV－NP结合形成复合物。结论：HTNV实验生乳鼠感染脑组织中高表达的HSP70与病毒核心抗原（HTNV－NP）形成非共价复合物，该复合物可能在病毒感染复制及宿主免疫反应中发挥作用。其潜在的应用价值是在肾综合征出血热的预防和治疗中利用该复合物制备特异性T淋巴细胞疫苗。     

遗传学

β地贫CD41-42突变杂合子复合缺失型α地贫双重杂合子的基因检测与血液学分析；HSP70在米非司酮引产胎儿肝、肾、脑组织中的表达；重组人TNF-α在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及生物学活性研究；应用PCR-酶切法进行脊肌萎缩症基因诊断；应用PCR-STR分型技术快速产前基因诊断Down’s综合征；与Down’s综合征发生相关的环境因子的流行病学分析；HBsAg携带者母亲及新生儿的细胞遗传学研究；缺糖损伤的PC12细胞中grp75基因的表达；血管紧张素系统基因多态性与支架内再狭窄的相关性研究；早老素-1基因启动子区-48C／T位点多态性与LOAD的遗传相关性；转化生长因子β1及其受体1在妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症患者胎盘绒毛组织中的表达及其意义。     

烫伤早期大鼠肾脏HSP70表达的研究

目的探索大鼠烫伤早期肾脏内HSP70的表达规律及临床意义。方法将30只健康Wistar大鼠分为6组：烫伤后2h，8h，24h，3d，7d和正常对照组。各组大鼠取肾脏标本，用HE染色观察组织结构变化，免疫组化染色结合图像分析测定肾组织内HSP70的表达的阳性细胞计数。结果烫伤后各组HSP70在肾脏的表达的阳性细胞计数内较正常组高，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；大鼠烫伤后3d内HSP70在肾组织的表达主要定位在细胞核，到第7天核，浆表达基本一致；烫伤后HSP70的表达以肾髓质表达最高。结论大鼠烫伤早期HSP70被诱导表达对组织器官有明显的保护作用；大鼠烫伤后肾脏髓质部分较皮质部分更易损伤。     

肢体缺血后适应对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响及机制

目的:建立小鼠脑缺血后进行短暂肢体缺血提高脑缺血耐受模型,确定肢体缺血后适应对脑缺血时程的影响及热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的作用,探讨肢体缺血后适应(LIPostC)对脑缺血/再灌注损伤抑制作用和机制。方法:复制小鼠大脑中动脉闭塞模型(MCAO),第1批实验将小鼠分为9组:假手术组、脑缺血/再灌注组(缺血时间分别0.5 h、1 h、1.5 h、2 h组),脑缺血/再灌注+短暂肢体缺血(LIPostC)组(0.5 h+LIPostC、1 h+LIPostC、1.5 h+LIPostC、2 h+LIPostC组)。分别观察小鼠运动行为变化;TTC染色测量脑梗死体积;HE染色观察脑组织损伤程度;TUNEL法检测神经元凋亡程度。第2批实验将小鼠随机分为4组:假手术组、脑缺血/再灌注组、MCAO+LIPostC组和MCAO+LIPostC+quercetin组(缺血时间为2 h)。术后24 h用Western blotting法检测脑皮质中HSP70蛋白表达和神经功能评分。结果:脑缺血时程影响小鼠运动行为和脑损伤程度,随脑缺血时间延长,小鼠的脑再灌注损伤程度加重,其行为缺陷和脑病理变化明显;缺血2 h组脑损伤程度比缺血1.5 h组和缺血1 h组严重(P0.05)。脑缺血后不同时间施加LIPostC显示不同程度的神经保护作用。LIPostC各组与相对应的I/R组比较,其脑再灌注损伤程度呈现不同程度减轻,行为学评分降低、脑梗死体积减小,脑皮质损伤减轻,TUNEL阳性凋亡细胞数目减少。脑缺血2 h再灌注损伤较重,但LIPostC仍具有明显的脑保护作用。以2 h脑缺血小鼠为模型进行机制研究,结果表明,LIPostC可提高缺血脑组织HSP70蛋白表达,改善神经功能,HSP70抑制剂quercetin可削弱LIPostC的这种脑保护作用。结论:LIPostC可抑制MCAO小鼠的脑缺血再灌注损伤,促进缺血脑区HSP70表达和改善神经功能。HSP70在LIPostC提高MCAO小鼠的脑缺血耐受机制中发挥重要作用。     

小鼠不同组织器官热休克蛋白70表达的研究

目的　研究热休克恢复期小鼠大脑、垂体、肾、肾上腺中HSP70的表达规律。　方法　昆明系小鼠随机分为对照组和实验组。实验组动物 :1 分别以 40℃ ,42℃ ,44℃ ,46℃热休克处理 30min ,恢复 2h和 8h ;2 以46℃热休克处理 30min ,恢复 2、4、6、8、12、2 4、48、72h ,以免疫组织化学结合图像分析技术观察HSP70的表达。　结果　 1 42℃ ,44℃ ,46℃均能诱导肾、肾上腺表达HSP70 ,44℃、46℃可诱导大脑、垂体表达HSP70 ,但均以 46℃组阳性免疫反应面积最大 (P <0 0 1) ;2 HSP70的合成高峰在大脑和垂体为热休克恢复期 4～ 8h(P <0 0 1) ,肾和肾上腺为 8～ 12h(P <0 0 1) ;3 HSP70阳性免疫反应定位于大脑神经膜和郎飞结 ,垂体神经膜 ,肾小管、肾上腺网状带和束状带细胞质 ,肾中HSP70阳性免疫反应肾小管较肾小球强 ,肾髓质较肾皮质强。　结论　热休克反应中不同组织器官HSP70的表达存在明显差异性 ;HSP70合成迅速且降解缓慢 ;大脑和垂体有较强的耐热能力     

辛伐他汀对大鼠脑出血后热休克蛋白70及细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察辛伐他汀对大鼠脑出血模型血肿周围热休克蛋白70(HSP70)及细胞凋亡的影响。方法:应用Ⅶ型胶原酶诱导法建立脑出血大鼠模型,72只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术组(Sham组)、脑出血组(ICH组)、辛伐他汀组(SIM组)。分别于6、12、24、48 h对各组大鼠进行神经功能评分后处死留取脑组织,采用干/湿重法检测脑组织含水量;免疫组织化学法检测HSP70、Bax和Bcl-2阳性产物的分布情况;Western Blot检测HSP70、Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达量,并计算Bcl-2/Bax的比值。结果:与假手术组相比,脑出血组大鼠脑组织含水量及神经功能评分增加(P0.05),血肿周围HSP70、Bax和Bcl-2表达明显上调(P0.05),且HSP70、Bax和Bcl-2三种蛋白的表达高峰分别出现在48 h、24 h及12 h,Bcl-2/Bax比值降低。与脑出血组相比,辛伐他汀治疗组脑组织含水量与神经功能评分显著降低(P0.05),血肿周围HSP70和Bcl-2表达进一步上调(P0.05),而Bax表达下调(P0.05),但三种蛋白的表达趋势未发生改变,Bcl-2/Bax比值增加。结论:辛伐他汀可以促进脑水肿及神经功能的恢复,其可能通过增加血肿周围HSP70表达,抑制脑组织细胞凋亡而发挥神经保护作用。     

灵芝孢子粉对癫痫大鼠脑组织细胞色素C、线粒体钙、HSP70和BDNF的影响

目的: 研究灵芝孢子粉对癫痫大鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、细胞色素C、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、线粒体Ca²⁺和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的影响,探讨灵芝孢子粉对癫痫大鼠脑细胞的保护作用机制。方法: 用亚惊厥剂量的戊四氮(PTZ)复制癫痫慢性模型,采用火焰原子吸收法测定脑组织线粒体Ca²⁺的含量,分光光度计比色法测定SOD的活性、MDA和细胞色素C含量,免疫组织化学方法检测HSP70和BDNF的表达情况。结果: 与癫痫模型组相比,灵芝孢子粉组线粒体内细胞色素C、线粒体Ca²⁺的含量和HSP70的表达显著增高,而胞浆内细胞色素C含量则明显降低;脑组织SOD和T-AOC的活性明显增加,而MDA含量明显降低。大脑皮质和海马区BDNF阳性细胞数癫痫模型组明显高于正常对照组 (P<0.05); 灵芝孢子粉组皮质和海马区BDNF阳性神经元数目进一步增多,与癫痫模型组相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论: 灵芝孢子粉能明显降低癫痫发作对脑细胞线粒体造成的损伤,其作用机制可能是通过清除自由基、增强脑组织的抗氧化能力,从而减轻自由基对线粒体膜的损伤作用,恢复线粒体的能量代谢,减轻脑细胞的损伤与凋亡。     

The effect of papaverine,euphylline, and dibazol on the rate of the coronary circulation,the oxygen demand of the heart,and the work of the heart

Summary Experiments were performed on anesthetized cats. The author studied the effect of papaverine, euphylline, and dibazol on the volume velocity of the blood outflow from the coronary sinus, the oxygen uptake by the heart and the work of the heart. As shown by the experiments the changes of arterial blood pressure, minute volume, the work of the heart, and the frequency of the heart beat do not play a decisive role in the increase of the volume velocity of the coronary blood flow under the effect of the drugs under investigation. The changes of the volume velocity of the coronary blood flow and the heart oxygen uptake under the effects of the above vasculo-dilating preparations are strikingly parallel.Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Zakustov     

Effect of the progestogen, allylestriol, on the bursal development of the chicken

Fertile eggs were dipped on the fifth day of incubation into varying concentrations of allylestriol (AE), a synthetic progesterone, and testosterone propionate (TP). Concentrations of AE higher than 0.1% inhibited hatchability. The AE inhibited the differentiation of the bursal mesenchyme and follicular development and subsequently resulted in bursectomy. The AE caused bursectomy in 40–50 times lower concentrations than did TP. An unusual lymphocyte accumulation occurred around the postcapillary venules in the bursal mesenchyme of AE-treated birds. This observation suggested that inhibition of mesenchyme differentiation may lead to a modification in bursal function. The AE modification of bursal development was compared to those produced by TP. We demonstrated that AE caused immunosuppression of the B-cell system.     

Immunological responses of the toad, Xenopus laevis, to the antigens of the ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis

Toads, Xenopus laevis, were immunized with the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis and their sera examined for specific anti-Tetrahymena precipitating, immobilizing, agglutinating and lytic antibodies 65–75 days later. Precipitating antibodies were detected in whole antiserum by ring and Ouchterlony tests against soluble antigens of Tetrahymena. Immobilizing, agglutinating and lytic antibodies against living ciliates were also detected in whole serum. Antibody activity was localized in the serum fraction corresponding with mammalian γ-globulin after starch block electrophoresis and this was confirmed by immunoelectrophoresis. After fractionation on Sephadex G-200 precipitating antibodies were found to correspond with γG immunoglobulins and non-precipitating antibodies with both γM and γG. These results are comparable with the situation which exists in rabbits immunized against Tetrahymena pyriformis.     

Effect of exercise on the tissue respiration of the brain,skeletal muscle,heart, liver,kidneys, and spleen

Summary The effects of a single sustained physical exercise on the respiration of various tissues of rats were investigated with the aid of Warburg's method. The animals were made to run on a treadmill for 90 min, i.e., until distinct signs of fatigue. The oxygen uptake of skeletal muscles was increased, and that of brain and kidneys reduced, both by a statistically significant margin. Changes in the respiration of liver, heart, and spleen were not statistically significant.The authors attribute increased respiration of skeletal muscles during physical exercise to intensified carbohydrate metabolism in muscle and the concomitant increase in the activity of the oxidative systems of muscle.The observed inhibition by severe physical exercise of the oxygen uptake of brain may have been caused by the inhibitory effects of serotonin and, possibly, corticosteroids, or still other active substances whose level rises in the organism of a tired animal.Oxygen uptake in the kidneys was probably reduced by an adaptive lowering of the activity of that organ's respiratory enzymes, which was the result of a markedly diminished renal blood supply during physical effort.     

Blood,ideology, science and the birth of the ISBT

The ISBT/SITS was founded at the second international congress of blood transfusion in Paris in 1937. The world was influenced heavily by totalitarian ideologies, which a.o. tried to use science to confirm their superiority. The Nazi ideology was built on peculiar speculations on human blood, race and heritage, but although similar ideas were widespread, our society was founded as a purely scientific organization independent of ideological influence. The designation ‘International’ initially signified ‘European’, but after the end of World War 2, our society has become more and more of a global one.