经颈外静脉放置全植入式输液港在肿瘤化疗中的应用

目的探讨经颈外静脉放置全植入式输液港(totally implantable venous access ports,TIVAP)作为肿瘤化疗静脉输液通路的可行性及术后并发症。方法对2010年1月~2013年12月96例行输液港植入术的肿瘤化疗患者进行回顾性研究,观察围手术期和远期并发症。结果全部病例均在术中完成输液港植入。经颈外静脉置管成功率95.8%(92/96);2例因术前曾行放疗静脉挛缩,2例血管过细无法植入导管,改行同侧颈内静脉穿刺置管。术后中位随访26个月(8~46个月),并发症发生率6.2%(6/96)。其中2例因肿瘤复发压迫造成输液港导管闭塞,1例导管移位,2例血栓形成,l例锁骨区皮肤疼痛。应用输液港装置化疗中输液顺畅,无渗漏,未发生气胸、血胸、导管相关性感染和夹闭综合征。结论经颈外静脉切开放置全植入式输液港是肿瘤化疗安全、快捷和有效的输液途径,可以避免气胸、血胸、夹闭综合征等严重并发症,主要并发症包括导管移位、阻塞、血栓形成。     

X线引导下放置植入式输液港在乳腺癌化疗中的应用

目的探讨乳腺癌化疗采用完全植入式输液港作为静脉输液通路的可行性。方法2006年2月一2009年12月,共65例需行化疗的乳腺癌患者在术中X线引导下行输液港装置植入术。局部麻醉下行锁骨下静脉或颈内静脉穿刺术,术中X线引导确认导管向上腔静脉方向走行及导管尖端位置位于上腔静脉根部水平。观察围手术期和输液港植人术后的长期并发症。结果全部病例均在术中X线引导下完成输液港植入。发生气胸3例,1例需要行胸腔闭式引流。2例切口愈合不良,其中1例取出输液港后愈合,1例将输液港移位后愈合。中位随访22个月（4～35个月）,应用输液港装置化疗中输液顺畅,无渗漏,未发生导管相关性感染、导管阻塞和夹闭综合征。结论X线引导下输液港植入是乳腺癌化疗有效和安全的输液途径。主要并发症包括穿刺相关并发症如气胸,远期并发症如导管阻塞、导管相关性感染。     

超声引导经锁骨下静脉置入植入式输液港的效果

目的 探讨应用超声引导定位在经锁骨下静脉人路置入植入式输液港的效果.方法 选择乳腺癌患者60例,年龄28～63岁,体重41～70 kg,身高150～168 cm,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,拟经锁骨下静脉穿刺置入植入式输液港行长期输液及化疗,输液港导管尖端位置应在上腔静脉和右心房交界处.随机分为2组(n=30):对照组(C组)经锁骨下静脉穿刺,采用脉冲注射冰盐水实验的方法引导定位植入式输液港导管尖端位置.超声组(U组)经锁骨下静脉穿刺,采用超声引导定位植入式输液港导管尖端位置.所有患者术后均经过X线摄片进行导管定位.计算两组患者首次置入成功率.结果 U组患者术后X线摄片显示输液港导管尖端均在上腔静脉和右心房交界处,未发生导管偏离进入颈内静脉的现象,首次置入成功率100%.C组术后X线摄片显示有6例患者的输液港导管发生了偏离,进入颈内静脉,需回手术室在超声引导定位下重新穿刺置管,首次置入成功率80%.U组首次置入成功率高于C组(P<0.05).结论 超声引导定位是经锁骨下静脉正确放置植入式输液港的有效手段.     

超声引导经锁骨下静脉置入植入式输液港的效果

目的 探讨应用超声引导定位在经锁骨下静脉人路置入植入式输液港的效果.方法 选择乳腺癌患者60例,年龄28～63岁,体重41～70 kg,身高150～168 cm,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,拟经锁骨下静脉穿刺置入植入式输液港行长期输液及化疗,输液港导管尖端位置应在上腔静脉和右心房交界处.随机分为2组(n=30):对照组(C组)经锁骨下静脉穿刺,采用脉冲注射冰盐水实验的方法引导定位植入式输液港导管尖端位置.超声组(U组)经锁骨下静脉穿刺,采用超声引导定位植入式输液港导管尖端位置.所有患者术后均经过X线摄片进行导管定位.计算两组患者首次置入成功率.结果 U组患者术后X线摄片显示输液港导管尖端均在上腔静脉和右心房交界处,未发生导管偏离进入颈内静脉的现象,首次置入成功率100%.C组术后X线摄片显示有6例患者的输液港导管发生了偏离,进入颈内静脉,需回手术室在超声引导定位下重新穿刺置管,首次置入成功率80%.U组首次置入成功率高于C组(P<0.05).结论 超声引导定位是经锁骨下静脉正确放置植入式输液港的有效手段.     

超声引导经锁骨下静脉置入植入式输液港的效果

目的 探讨应用超声引导定位在经锁骨下静脉人路置入植入式输液港的效果.方法 选择乳腺癌患者60例,年龄28～63岁,体重41～70 kg,身高150～168 cm,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,拟经锁骨下静脉穿刺置入植入式输液港行长期输液及化疗,输液港导管尖端位置应在上腔静脉和右心房交界处.随机分为2组(n=30):对照组(C组)经锁骨下静脉穿刺,采用脉冲注射冰盐水实验的方法引导定位植入式输液港导管尖端位置.超声组(U组)经锁骨下静脉穿刺,采用超声引导定位植入式输液港导管尖端位置.所有患者术后均经过X线摄片进行导管定位.计算两组患者首次置入成功率.结果 U组患者术后X线摄片显示输液港导管尖端均在上腔静脉和右心房交界处,未发生导管偏离进入颈内静脉的现象,首次置入成功率100%.C组术后X线摄片显示有6例患者的输液港导管发生了偏离,进入颈内静脉,需回手术室在超声引导定位下重新穿刺置管,首次置入成功率80%.U组首次置入成功率高于C组(P<0.05).结论 超声引导定位是经锁骨下静脉正确放置植入式输液港的有效手段.     

植入式静脉输液港方位的选择在乳腺癌患者应用中的临床研究

目的通过比较经皮颈内静脉植入式静脉输液港的置入方位,探讨操作过程中的简便性与安全性,为选择合适的植入方位提供依据。方法收集2017-03—2018-04间在郑州大学第二附属医院行经皮颈内静脉植入输液港的135例乳腺癌术后患者。以右侧颈内静脉植入输液港的90例为观察组,以左侧颈内静脉植入输液港45例为对照组。比较置管时间、置管成功率、导管走形不良率。结果 2组术后均未见明显不适,1次置管成功率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组置管时间、术后导管走形异常发生率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论植入式静脉输液港装置选择右侧颈内静脉穿刺和左侧颈内静脉穿刺均可行。右侧植入更加简便安全,可优先选用。     

DSA引导下植入式静脉输液港在恶性肿瘤患者中的应用

目的探讨DSA引导下植入式静脉输液港在恶性肿瘤患者中的应用。方法随访分析2013年4月—2016年3月在DSA引导下植入静脉输液港的恶性肿瘤患者的病例资料,观察并记录输液港植入的过程、并发症的发生及处理方法。结果 83例恶性肿瘤患者完成静脉输液港植入术,其中经锁骨下静脉入路75例,右颈内静脉入路7例,右股静脉入路1例。操作成功率100%,其中一次性静脉穿刺成功率为93.98%(78/83)。围手术期并发症的发生率为1.20%(1/83),表现为输液不畅。远期并发症的发生率为7.23%(6/83),包括术后局部皮肤感染1例,发生在术后第10个月,经抗感染治疗后治愈;导管血栓形成1例,发生在术后第8个月,经抗凝处理后取出输液港;导管堵塞1例,证实纤维蛋白鞘形成,经尿激酶处理无效后取出输液港;导管夹闭综合征3例,其中1例在术后第22个月导管断裂进入左肺动脉,通过抓捕器经右股静脉入路取出,1例在术后16个月因输液后肩膀酸痛拆除输液港,1例患者表现为输液不畅,植入输液港后6个月死于晚期肺癌。结论 DSA引导下植入静脉输液港操作简单、可视、定位准确,并发症少,可为恶性肿瘤提供长期、安全、方便的静脉通道,值得临床推广。     

腔内心电图定位在乳腺癌化疗病人上臂植入式输液港中的应用

目的探讨腔内心电图定位在乳腺癌化疗病人上臂植入式输液港中的临床应用。方法接受超声引导下联合腔内心电图定位经上臂植入式输液港的乳腺癌化疗病人80例,X线确定导管尖端位置,明确心电图定位达标效果。结果所有病人均一次性置入成功,除1例到达对侧头臂静脉,无其他相关并发症发生,导管尖端位置均到达上腔静脉。结论腔内心电图定位经上臂植入式输液港导管尖端定位准确,成功率高,操作简便,经济。     

不同置管方式化疗乳腺癌患者相关并发症及健康促进行为的比较

目的比较乳腺癌患者采用静脉输液港与经外周置入中心静脉导管的并发症情况及健康促进行为,为采取措施促进患者健康提供参考。方法以接受静脉输液港的135例与经外周置入中心静脉导管的278例乳腺癌患者为对象,记录两组置管后6个月内患者的并发症情况,并采用健康促进生活方式量表进行问卷调查。结果静脉输液港组与经外周置入中心静脉导管组比较,并发症发生率显著降低,健康促进行为评分显著提高(P0.05,P0.01)。结论乳腺癌患者静脉输液港置管与经外周置入中心静脉导管相比,并发症少、健康促进行为好。针对经外周置入中心静脉导管置管的乳腺癌患者应给予更多关注,使其建立良好的健康促进行为。     

可视化超声用于输液港植入全流程医护一体化管理

目的 观察可视化超声用于输液港植入前、中、后全流程医护一体化管理的价值。方法 选取133例于化学治疗前接受输液港植入的恶性肿瘤患者,其中106例经颈内静脉、27例经腋静脉植入;并观察植入前、中、后的临床及超声资料,分析超声对其全流程医护一体化管理的价值。结果 133例患者中,术前超声发现一侧颈内静脉狭窄4例,一侧颈内静脉先天走行变异2例,一侧颈内静脉血栓2例。133例均成功一次性穿刺植入输液港。术后发现27例经腋静脉植入输液港中,导管异位于右侧颈内静脉1例;106例经颈内静脉植入输液港中,导管附壁血栓13例,导管折断并异位3例,注射座周围皮下软组织感染2例,注射座翻转1例;以相应措施干预后,患者一般情况均良好。结论 可视化超声可于植入输液港前评估拟穿刺血管、于植入中实时引导穿刺、于植入后密切监控,实现输液港植入全流程医护一体化管理。     

Is catheter rupture rare after totally implantable access port implantation via the right internal jugular vein? Report of a case

Catheter rupture after totally implantable access port (TIAP) implantation via the right internal jugular vein is thought to be very rare. We report a case of catheter rupture found 682 days after TIAP surgery in a 52-year-old woman with recurrent right breast cancer. It is possible that chronic stress at the flexure of the catheter induced by neck movements caused the catheter to rupture. Therefore, when inserting a TIAP via the right internal jugular vein, the site of venous puncture should be decided on carefully. Although a fracture of this type is rarely reported in the literature, the incidence of catheter injury of a TIAP inserted via the internal jugular vein at our institute is 1.8 %. This highlights the need to educate and caution medical staff and patients about preventing catheter fracture being caused by external factors.     

Late embolization of an unfractured port catheter into the heart: report of a case

This case report describes the embolization of an unfractured venous port catheter, 18 months after its implantation into the heart. To our knowledge, this complication has never been documented before. A 33-year-old woman underwent placement of a totally implantable venous access port for chemotherapy to treat advanced gastric cancer. The catheter tip was repositioned by a transfemoral sling after dislocation into the right jugular vein 2 months before embolization. After embolization into the heart, the catheter was successfully removed by a percutaneous femoral vein approach using a dormia basket. As totally implantable venous access ports become used more frequently, problems associated with their extended use will be encountered. Received: January 19, 2001 / Accepted: September 11, 2001     

Totally implantable venous access ports: A prospective randomized study comparing subclavian and internal jugular vein punctures in children

Background and objectivesTotally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) are essential in children who require long-term intermittent intravenous therapy.MethodsPatients who needed to undergo TIVAP implantation were randomly assigned to the internal jugular vein group or the subclavian vein group. The medical histories, operative details and major complications from the time of port implantation to 48 h after port removal were collected.During the use of TIVAPs, satisfaction surveys were regularly conducted for the children and guardians and compared in the two groups.ResultsA total of 216 patients in the subclavian vein group and 199 patients in the internal jugular vein group were included. TIVAPs were successfully implanted in all children. The incidence of postoperative venous access occlusion in the subclavian vein group and internal jugular vein group was 1.5% and 5%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The average satisfaction score of the children and guardians in the subclavian vein group was 9.6 ± 0.3, and that in the internal jugular vein group was 8.3 ± 0.8. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSubclavian vein should be the first choice for TIVAP implantation in children.The level of evidence ratingTreatment study level I.     

超声引导下经颈内静脉植入静脉输液泵1856例体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨超声引导下颈内静脉植入式静脉输液泵植入手术方法。方法〓回顾性分析中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院乳腺肿瘤医学部从2011年1月至2014年3月期间1856例超声引导下颈内静脉输液港植入手术的资料。结果〓1856例患者超声引导下经颈内静脉植入成功率100%。其中经右侧颈内静脉植入1838例(占99.03%),经左侧颈内静脉植入18例(占0.97%)。发生置管术中并发症6例(0.3%);发生术后使用输液港过程中并发症25例(1.3%),无死亡病例。结论〓植入式输液泵在超声引导下行颈内静脉植入成功率很高,并发症发生率比较低,且多不是严重并发症。     

Alternate Routes for Children with Difficult Central Venous Access

Background: Some children requiring chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, or repeated blood sampling for long periods have no more axillary, internal jugular, external jugular, saphenous, or femoral veins available for cannulation. In such patients, the central venous system can still be accessed via alternate routes e.g. the azygos vein, the gonadal vein or the inferior epigastric vein. Patients and Methods: We report the use of:

1) The inferior epigastric vein for placement of the catheter into the IVC in 20 patients. 2) The right gonadal vein for placement of the catheter using a retroperitoneal approach in five pediatric patients. 3) The second and third right intercostal veins for placement of the catheter by right intrapleural thoracotomy in five pediatric patients. Pre-procedural assessment of the patency of these veins was done using colour Doppler ultrasonography and confirmation of occlusion of common sites used for central venous access.

Results: A total of 38 implantable venous access devices (IVAD) were inserted in 30 patients. The average age at operation was 1.4 years (range 1 month to 12 years). Infection was seen in two patients, venous thrombosis in two. The average longevity of IVAD is 6.5 months. Recovery from the procedure was uncomplicated and the patients were able to receive complete intravenous medication or nutritive mixtures after the insertion of the catheter. Conclusion: The knowledge of alternate routes to obtain central venous access for children requiring chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, or repeated blood sampling for long periods is critically important, and the azygos system, right gonadal vein or the inferior epigastric vein can be used when standard accessible veins are unavailable.     

三种方式引导植入静脉输液港的比较

目的 比较DSA、CT、B超3种方式引导下植入式静脉输液港的应用。方法 回顾性分析我院2017年4月至2018年2月行颈内静脉输液港植入共82例病人的临床资料,其中DSA引导组30例,CT引导组22例,B超引导组30例,比较其手术时间、辐射剂量及并发症发生情况。结果 3组病人经颈内静脉植入输液港的穿刺成功率均为100%。CT引导组手术时间显著长于其他两组（P<0.05）。该组接受的辐射剂量也显著高于其他两组（P<0.05）。DSA引导组各有1例出现气胸、血胸和颈部牵拉感。CT引导组1例出现颈部牵拉感。B超引导组中各有1例出现颈部牵拉感和颈部穿刺点导管折角。3组在并发症发生方面无统计学差异（P>0.05）。3组无1例出现感染、气体栓塞、心律失常等严重并发症。结论 DSA引导下行颈内静脉PORT植入,其操作便利、耗时短、辐射剂量少,但盲视下行颈内静脉穿刺存在一定风险。     

外周植入式静脉输液港并发症50例分析与处理

目的 探讨外周植入式静脉输液港（TIVAP）在乳腺癌化疗病人中的临床应用情况，了解其临床可行性、实用性和安全性。 方法 回顾性分析重庆医科大学附属第一医院2017年3月至2018年6月使用外周TIVAP行多疗程化疗的201例病例临床资料。比较各类并发症的构成比差异，以及改良加压包扎与常规加压包扎发生切口出血、改良植入方法与常规植入方法发生导管异位、左/右外周静脉置港后发生导管异位的病例差异。 结果 201例病人术后共发生并发症50例（24.9%），其中切口出血15例（7.5%），导管相关性血栓4例（2.0%），底座暴露3例（1.5%），囊袋感染4例（2.0%），导管异位15例（7.5%），回抽无血7例（3.5%），导管相关上肢运动受限2例（1.0％）。拟合优度检验（等比例）比较各类并发症的构成比差异（χ2=30.520，P<0.001），即并发症不服从等比例分布，其中切口出血和导管异位占比最高；常规加压包扎方式（78例）与改良加压包扎方式（123例）发生切口出血比较，差异有统计学意义［11例（14.1%）vs.4 例（3.3%）,χ2=6.642，P=0.010］；常规置港方法（90例）与改良置港方法（121例）发生导管异位比较，差异有统计学意义［9例（10.0%）vs.3例（2.4%），χ2=4.131，P=0.042］；经左（106例）/右（95例）外周静脉置港后发生导管异位的比较，差异无统计学意义［8例（7.5%）vs.7例（7.3%）,χ2=0.020，P=0.962］。结论 通过安全管理、密切观察及积极治疗，外周TIVAP并发症可获得有效控制。若不存在禁忌证，TIVAP仍然是一种安全有效、可长期临床使用的静脉输液通道。     

Post-traumatic fracture and migration in the pulmonary artery of the catheter of a totally implantable venous access device. Unusual complication]

The case of a 59 year-old patient, who sustained a post-traumatic fracture of the silastic catheter of his totally implantable venous access device that migrated in the right pulmonary artery, is reported. The venous device was placed six months earlier for the treatment of metastatic spread of a primary unknown adenocarcinoma. The venous device was placed on the left side in consideration of a recent right supraclavicular node biopsy. The catheter was introduced through the left internal jugular vein and its peripheral end was positioned subcutaneously across the clavicle to be connected to the port chamber placed in the infraclavicular region. The accidental fracture of the catheter was attributed to a closed trauma occurred during the transport of a refrigerator on the homolateral shoulder. Treatment involved extraction of the migrated fragment through a percutaneous transfemoral angioradiological procedure. A few days later the chamber was removed and a new totally implantable venous access device was placed on the other side.     

Migration of the catheter of a totally implantable venous system. A rare mechanical complication

Catheter migration, represents a rare, mechanical complication following the use of totally implantable venous devices. A case, in which the catheter was inserted into the right internal jugular vein by percutaneous route, without radiological control, is described. Following the chemotherapy infusion drugs, the patient developed a catheter displacement and subcutaneous extravasation. Etiological hypotheses and modalities of prevention are discussed.