两种不同途径溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓的疗效比较

目的探讨不同途径溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓的临床效果。方法将下肢深静脉血栓患者126例,根据前瞻性、随机性采用患肢周围静脉溶栓及腘静脉置管溶栓治疗方法进行治疗,并对比治疗效果。结果经外周静脉溶栓治疗组在小腿消肿率为(0.63±0.11)%,大腿消肿率为(0.57±0.09)%,静脉通畅改善度为(32.34±3.77)%,均低于经腘静脉置管溶栓方组的(0.82±0.14)%,(0.89±0.07)%及(55.41±3.21)%(均P0.05～0.01)。结论经腘静脉顺行置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓临床治愈率及远期效果明显优于经外周静脉溶栓治疗。     

导管溶栓联合髂静脉介入治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的 总结经三种入路导管溶栓联合髂静脉介入治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效.方法 分析急性下肢深静脉血栓形成137例患者的临床资料,经小隐静脉置管溶栓107例,大隐静脉置管21例,胭静脉置管9例.对66例左髂静脉狭窄进行扩张,60例置入支架.结果 经小隐静脉置管的肢体消肿率为82.3％±7.6％,经大隐静脉置管为81.6％±6.0％,经胭静脉置管为83.9％±6.1％,3种入路间两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);溶栓率依次为63.5％±7.7％、66.9％±8.4％和66.1％±2.7％,3种入路间两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);3种入路置管平均耗时依次为(20.8±1.1) min、(7.3±0.3)min和(15.7±0.6)min,经大隐静脉置管耗时较短(P＜0.05).经小隐静脉置管有12例溶栓过程中并发切口出血,5例出现静脉炎,8例并发隐神经损伤;经胭静脉置管有2例并发术后腘窝血肿形成;经大隐静脉置管的并发症发生率较低(P＜0.05).随访112例,随访时间7～ 22个月,平均(10.1±1.5)个月.97例无患肢肿胀.经下肢深静脉造影或彩色多普勒检查,89例静脉通畅,8例血栓复发.结论 导管溶栓联合髂静脉介入是治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的有效方法,经大隐静脉途径置管溶栓操作简单、术后并发症较少.     

不同入路导管接触性溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓的疗效

目的 探讨不同入路导管接触性溶栓（CDT）治疗下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）的疗效。方法 收集2021年1月至2023年1月于内蒙古自治区人民医院就诊的92例急性下肢DVT患者的临床资料,按照入路方式的不同将其分为观察组（n=46,采用患肢腘静脉入路置入溶栓导管）和对照组（n=46,健侧股静脉穿刺入路置入溶栓导管）,比较两组患者患肢消肿率、静脉通畅率、并发症发生情况。结果 观察组患者消肿率、静脉通畅率分别为（79.05±6.69）%、（70.96±12.13）%,均高于对照组患者的（52.70±6.35）%、（55.33±18.48）%(P<0.05)。两组患者并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 腘静脉入路置管CDT治疗下肢DVT疗效优于健侧股静脉入路置管,其静脉瓣膜损伤少,溶栓效率高,安全可靠,值得在临床中推广应用。     

经小隐静脉插管导管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的 探讨经小隐静脉途径置管直接溶栓治疗急性混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床应用价值. 方法分析2005年6月至2007年3月收治的37例急性混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成患者的资料,均经小隐静脉穿刺置溶栓导管插入深静脉血栓,微泵持续推注尿激酶(149±71)万IU直接溶栓.以静脉造影结果的静脉通畅评分和静脉通畅率评价疗效.结果 全组患者溶栓后症状明显改善,与溶栓前比较,静脉通畅评分差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.330,P＜0.01),静脉通畅率改善50%±15%,无严重并发症.本组37例,随访22例随访时间6～18个月,平均(12±4)个月,复查静脉造影.按随访时间6～12个月、13～18个月分两组,结果与溶栓前比较.6～12个月组,静脉通畅评分改善有统计学意义(Z=-3.545,P＜0.01),静脉通畅率为58%±13%;13～18个月组,静脉通畅评分改善有统计学意义(Z=-2.201,P＜0.05),静脉通畅率为68%±20%.结论 经小隐静脉置管直接溶栓治疗急性混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成,是一种安全,可行的治疗方法.     

改良式球囊血栓抽吸术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓

目的探讨采用改良式球囊血栓抽吸术配合腘静脉入路深静脉置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的技术、方法和疗效。方法对76例DVT患者采用改良式球囊血栓抽吸术配合经皮腘静静脉穿刺深静脉置管溶栓治疗(治疗组),对137例急性期DVT患者采用患肢足背静脉溶栓方法治疗(对照组),比较两组患者的疗效。结果治疗组,76例患者的治疗效果满意,技术成功率100%,治疗前后血管周径差差异有统计学意义(t=2.91,P0.01),血管通畅率90.79%(69/76),并发症发生率15.79%(12/76);对照组治疗前后血管周径差差异有统计学意义(t=2.21,P=0.03),血管通畅率59.85%(82/137),并发症发生率24.82%(34/137)。结论采用改良式球囊血栓抽吸术联合腘静静脉入路深静脉置管溶栓技术治疗DVT是一种安全、有效的方法,且疗效满意。     

深静脉血栓形成置管溶栓的临床分析

探讨系统溶栓与置管溶栓在深静脉血栓形成中的应用及临床效果。回顾分析91例深静脉血栓患者的临床资料,采取系统溶栓治疗(A组,50例)及置管溶栓治疗(B组,41例),并根据患者肢体治疗前后的周径变化、血管造影评估溶栓治疗效果。治疗前后两组患者肢体肿胀程度均获得了不同程度的改善,A组大、小腿消肿率分别为(51.41±34.43)%、(53.61±29.10)%;B组大、小腿消肿率分别为(71.74±32.17)%、(68.33±28.62)%,两组消肿率差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A、B组住院时间分别是(13.92±2.36)d、(12.05±3.91)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组并发症发生率8.00%;B组并发症发生率7.31%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组尿激酶用量差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。系统溶栓和置管溶栓治疗深静脉血栓均有效,置管溶栓起效迅速,不增加并发症。     

自制多侧孔溶栓导管经腘静脉入路治疗下肢深静脉血栓

目的探讨采用自制多侧孔溶栓导管经腘静脉入路留置溶栓的方法治疗下肢深静脉血栓的可行性及有效性。方法分析96例采用腘静脉顺行法穿刺留置导管溶栓治疗的下肢深静脉血栓患者的临床资料,通过治疗前后健、患肢周径差,静脉通畅率及静脉通畅评分等指标评价临床疗效。结果 96例患者介入手术技术成功率100%,术后经过5~14天留置导管溶栓后血栓大部分溶解,下肢肿胀消退;在手术及治疗过程中无严重并发症发生,溶栓治疗结束后双下肢周径差≤1.5cm,术后静脉通畅评分较术前明显改善[(9.71±2.42)分vs(3.41±1.92)分,Z=1.72,P0.05)],静脉通畅率为(71.42±14.13)%。82例患者通过3~12个月的随访,平均随访(5.11±3.33)个月,通过超声及临床症状体征的评估,介入治疗的有效率为95.12%(78/82)。结论采用经腘静脉入路留置自制溶栓导管是治疗下肢深静脉血栓的有效方法,成功率较高、术后并发症较少,其中远期效果有待进一步随访观察。     

介入导管溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成28例报道

目的探讨经腘静脉置溶栓导管灌注溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的临床应用价值。方法对28例急性DVT患者(其中2例合并肺动脉栓塞)在超声引导下经患肢腘静脉穿刺置入溶栓导管至髂、股静脉血栓中进行溶栓治疗,并对溶栓效果进行分析。结果全组患者溶栓后症状明显改善,下肢肿胀消退,肺部症状缓解。溶栓后患、健侧大腿周径差〔(1.72±1.23)cm〕明显小于溶栓前〔(5.47±1.29)cm〕,差异有统计学意义(t=12.14,P<0.01),患肢大腿消肿率为91.58%;溶栓后患、健侧小腿周径差〔(1.55±0.77)cm〕也明显小于溶栓前〔(5.04±1.32)cm〕,差异有统计学意义(t=13.81,P<0.01),患肢小腿消肿率为84.92%。溶栓后静脉通畅评分〔(4.34±3.55)分〕明显低于溶栓前〔(15.23±4.64)分〕,差异有统计学意义(t=6.42,P<0.01),溶栓后静脉平均通畅率为87.43%。2例合并肺动脉栓塞患者中,1例栓子完全溶解,1例大部分溶解。所有患者均无严重并发症。25例患者获随访,随访1~12个月(平均7.16个月),无一例出现血栓再发。结论经腘静脉置管溶栓治疗急性DVT是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

精准溶栓及机械性血栓清除术在急性深静脉血栓形成治疗中的应用

目的探讨目前急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)溶栓及机械性血栓清除治疗不同方法选择,对比精准溶栓(血管内封闭导管)与机械性血栓清除治疗急性DVT的效果及安全性。方法回顾分析2016年1月至10月收治的24例下肢骨折合并急性下肢DVT患者临床资料,其中A组12例给予精准导管溶栓(血管内封闭导管,TAPAS导管),B组12例给予机械性血栓清除(Aspirex旋吸导管),评价两组患者治疗期间的静脉通畅率及肢体消肿率情况。结果技术成功率100%。两组患者静脉通畅率分别为(84.33±4.74)%、(86.0±2.89)%,肢体消肿率分别为(73.83±15.49)%、(76.50±17.17)%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论使用血管内封闭导管精准溶栓以及使用机械性血栓清除治疗急性DVT效果明显,安全可靠,两者在静脉通畅率及肢体消肿率方面疗效相当。     

机械性血栓清除联合置管溶栓在下肢急性深静脉血栓治疗中的应用

目的探讨机械性血栓清除术(PMT)联合置管溶栓与单纯置管溶栓治疗下肢急性深静脉血栓的治疗效果与安全性。方法回顾性分析新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血管外科2018年1月-2018年12月符合本研究纳入标准的69例下肢急性深静脉血栓患者的临床资料,其中男性35例,女性34例;平均年龄59岁,年龄范围20~80岁。按腔内溶栓方法不同,分为PMT联合置管溶栓组(n=38)及单纯置管溶栓组(n=31)。记录两组患者的溶栓时间、尿激酶用量、血栓清除率、患侧肢体周径变化值、围手术期间不良事件总数。患者出院后1个月、3个月、6个月时门诊复查下肢血管超声,检查并评估残余血栓溶解、血栓复发情况。计量资料以均数±标准差(Mean±SD)表示,采用t检验进行组间比较;计数资料采用百分比(%)表示,组间比较使用χ2检验。结果PMT联合置管溶栓组、单纯置管溶栓组溶栓时间分别为(3.7±2.1)d、(5.2±2.1)d,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.005),尿激酶用量分别为(225.0±122.3)万单位、(315.8±108.6)万单位,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.001)。PMT联合置管溶栓组Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级血栓清除率分别为18.4%(7/38)、73.7%(28/38)、7.9%(3/38);单纯置管溶栓组Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级血栓清除率为16.1%(5/31)、77.4%(24/31)、6.5%(2/31),比较两组患者Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级血栓清除率,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.803,P=0.720,P=0.818)。溶栓治疗48 h后,PMT联合置管溶栓组患侧大腿周径差为(2.16±0.87)cm、小腿周径差为(1.38±0.66)cm,单纯置管溶栓组患侧大、小腿周径差分别为(1.21±0.59)cm、(1.02±0.49)cm,两组患者溶栓治疗48 h后患侧大、小腿周径变化,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001,P=0.014)。PMT联合置管溶栓组发生3例(7.89%)围手术期不良事件,单纯置管溶栓组4例(12.90%),差异无统计学意义(P=0.692)。两组患者共随访时间6个月,PMT联合置管溶栓组6个月随访率:71.05%(27/38),单纯置管溶栓组:64.52%(20/31),差异无统计学意义(P=0.532)。随访6个月期间PMT联合置管溶栓组血栓复发率为11.11%(3/27),单纯置管溶栓组为15.00%(3/20)。单纯置管溶栓组血栓复发率虽高于联合治疗组,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.693)。结论PMT联合置管溶栓与单纯置管溶栓治疗下肢急性深静脉血栓具有相似的临床效果,相比单纯置管溶栓,PMT联合置管溶栓可减少尿激酶剂量,缩短溶栓时间,具有短时间内缓解患肢肿胀的优势,近期随访疗效好。     

穿静脉血流动力学对下肢静脉曲张形成的影响

下肢静脉曲张是外科的常见疾病,中国发病率较高.下肢静脉曲张及其合并症严重影响患者生存质量,增加患者经济负担,加重社会医疗压力.既往的手术方式是通过物理和化学的方式关闭浅静脉的反流源头,并封闭相关的曲张静脉,但对于病变穿静脉在下肢静脉曲张病程演变中的作用和处理指征尚不明朗,本文总结以往文献,对其解剖、诊断、评估和病程演变...     

Results of stripping operation for varicose veins

Approximately 150 stripping operations for primary varicose veins of the lower extremities were performed. Long-term evaluation (post-operative follow-up of more than five years) was made on 102 extremities and 83 per cent of these showed good or excellent results. Six patients were reoperated due to recurrence of varices. Accurate diagnosis and complete operation are most important in stripping operations.     

静脉曲张术后深静脉内径及功能变化的研究进展

原发性下肢静脉曲张是由于血液由深静脉向浅静脉反流而引起的.高压反流的血液通过反流点远心端的一支或多支穿静脉回流入深静脉,从而形成了"深静脉-浅静脉-穿静脉-深静脉"之间的无效循环.进入该循环的血液增加了穿静脉及深静脉的血流负荷,导致二者扩张,继而可能出现功能不全,此即为"超载理论".而不同类型的静脉曲张手术,若能有效阻...     

门静脉高压症术后门静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析

目的:分析肝硬化门静脉高压症术后出现门静脉血栓的危险因素。方法 :回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年7月,因肝硬化门静脉高压导致脾功能亢进和消化道出血在我院行手术治疗的92例病人的临床资料。分为血栓组和非血栓组,对可能导致门静脉血栓形成的各种因素进行多因素分析。结果:92例病人中有40例(43.47%)出现门静脉血栓形成。病人的性别、年龄、病因、肝功能Child-Pugh分级、血清总胆红素、白蛋白、凝血酶原时间、门静脉流速及流量、手术方式、手术前后门静脉压力、手术前后血小板数量及术前D-二聚体均不是门静脉血栓形成的危险因素。门静脉直径和脾静脉直径是血栓形成的独立危险因素(P11.65 mm或脾静脉直径>9.5 mm时,术后容易形成门静脉血栓。结论:肝硬化门静脉高压症行手术治疗的病人,术前门静脉直径及脾静脉直径是术后门静脉血栓形成的独立危险因素。     

左腰静脉、左腰升静脉和骶正中静脉的解剖形态及其临床意义

目的：观察左腰静脉、左腰升静脉及骶正中静脉的解剖学变异情况，为前侧腹膜外入路人工腰椎间盘置换术提供该区域的解剖学依据，以减少术中血管副损伤。方法：解剖40例成人尸体标本L3椎体以下左侧以及骶前的下腔静脉属支，重点观察左侧腰静脉、左腰升静脉及骶正中静脉的解剖学特点。结果：左侧L3、L4、L5静脉存在于85％、97．5％和67．5％的标本中，位置与外径相对恒定，内侧汇入下腔静脉或左髂总静脉，外侧与左腰升静脉相交通：左腰升静脉存在于47．5％的标本中，位置较恒定，但起点、外径以及形态均有较大的变异；所有标本中均可找到骶正中静脉，其外径变异不大，但是数目及止点均有明显变异，并且可不伴行骶正中动脉。结论：下腔静脉于下腰椎水平左侧及骶前的属支变异多样，从左侧腹膜外手术入路暴露下腰椎间盘时，需要术前了解左腰静脉、左腰升静脉及骶正中静脉的情况并在术中做相应处理。     

Dissection of the Sylvian Fissure in the Trans-sylvian Approach Based on the Morphological Classification of the Superficial Middle Cerebral Vein

The superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) is one of the main factors that can impede a wide opening of the sylvian fissure. To reveal the most efficient SMCV dissection for a wide operative field while preserving the veins in the trans-sylvian approach, we retrospectively investigated the SMCVs through intraoperative video images. We characterized the SMCV as composed of the frontosylvian trunk (FST; receiving frontosylvian veins [FSVs] or parietosylvian veins [PSVs]), the temporosylvian trunk (TST; receiving temporosylvian veins [TSVs]), and the superficial middle cerebral common trunk (SMCCT; receiving both FSV/PSV and TSV), and classified the SMCVs of the 116 patients into 5 types based on the morphological classification of the SMCV. Type A SMCV (60.4%) with the SMCCT anastomosed to the frontal side had few bridging veins (BVs) between the SMCCT and the temporal side during dissection. Type B (7.8%) had the SMCCT with no anastomoses to the frontal side. In Type C (17.2%) consisting of the FST and TST and Type D (12.9%) with a merging of the vein of Trolard and Labbé posteriorly and the SMCVs dividing into the FST and the TST again proximally, there were few BVs between the FST and the TST during dissection. Finally, in Type E (1.7%) showing an undeveloped SMCV, there were no BVs between the frontal and the temporal lobes. Postoperative venous infarction occurred in 2.6%. Morphological classification of the SMCV can inform appropriate dissection line to create a wide operative field while preserving the veins in the trans-sylvian approach.     

Reconstruction of portal vein using a hepatic vein patch graft after combined hepatectomy and portal vein resection

BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is the only treatment modality that ensures complete tumor removal in patients with liver tumors involving a major portal vein branch or its bifurcation. Restoration of good portal blood flow is essential for recovery in the early postoperative period and for long-term survival. However, such extended resections often result in large defects at the bifurcation of the portal vein that are not amenable to suturing or end-to-end anastomosis. METHODS: A patch graft technique is very useful for reconstruction of long and elongated defects when other methods are not technically appropriate. We describe a simple technique for reconstructing the portal vein using a patch graft obtained from the hepatic vein stump of the resected specimen. CONCLUSIONS: This technique permits surgeons to reconstruct the portal vein without any need for harvesting another vein and with no need for an additional incision.     

Leiomyoma of the Left Renal Vein A Report of a Case

Only a few cases of leiomyoma of the vena cava or iliac vein and, according to our knowledge, only one case of renal vein leiomyoma have been reported. We report a patient with leiomyoma of the left renal vein. Tumour resection was performed by resecting a part of the vein along with the tumour and by ligation of the vein. Left kidney drainage was established through the preserved ovarian vein. In order to establish a diagnosis, careful pathologic examination of multiple sections has to be done and because of the potentially malignant behaviour, long-term follow-up after total resection is necessary.     

Bidirectional Cavopulmonary Shunt in Patients With Anomalies of Systemic and Pulmonary Venous Drainage

Background. Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt and Fontan repair are now commonly performed in patients with a variety of forms of complex single ventricle, including those with anomalies of systemic or pulmonary venous return. These anomalies are ideally dealt with during bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt, thereby minimizing the complexity of the eventual Fontan procedure.

Methods. Between March 1990 and December 1995, 36 patients with anomalous systemic or pulmonary venous drainage underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt. A combination of anomalous systemic and pulmonary venous drainage was present in 12 patients, whereas 19 patients had anomalous drainage only from the systemic circulation and 5 patients had isolated anomalies of pulmonary venous return. Visceral heterotaxy syndrome was diagnosed in 18 patients. The median age at operation was 11 months, and bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt was the first surgical procedure performed in 10 of these patients. Techniques of repair are described.

Results. There were two early deaths and one bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt was taken down, for mortality and failure rates not significantly different than those for all patients undergoing bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt during this time period (n = 117). At a mean follow-up of 19.9 months, there have been three late deaths and 11 patients have undergone Fontan completion. Actuarial survival was 87% at 1 year and 81% at 3 years. Among all patients undergoing bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt during this time period, neither heterotaxy syndrome nor anomalies of systemic or pulmonary venous return were significantly associated with decreased survival or poor outcome.

Conclusions. Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt can be performed in patients with anomalous systemic or pulmonary venous drainage, including those with visceral heterotaxy syndrome, with morbidity and mortality rates that do not differ significantly from those achieved in all patients undergoing bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt. In this report, we describe our experience with this group of patients, primarily focusing on outcomes and technical issues that pertain to the use of bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt as a preparatory procedure for the extracardiac conduit Fontan operation.