建设低碳图书馆的探索

探讨低碳图书馆的建设，使图书馆这门古老的学科在现代新技术革命中，跟上历史的潮流，并为人类的发展和环保作出应有的贡献。文中从图书馆的建设着手，从理论的角度阐述了图书馆的低碳建设和日常工作中应做到的、宣传提倡低碳理念。     

复合型图书馆是医院图书馆发展的方向

医院图书馆主要存在馆员素质不高，基础业务工作薄弱，服务设施和服务手段落后，信息服务难于向深层次发展的问题。以建设复合型图书馆为目标，以建设学习型图书馆为动力，以建立共建共享集合化数据为模式是医院图书馆的发展方向。     

信息时代医院图书馆的数字化建设

本文论述了信息时代医院图书馆由传统模式向现代模式转变的必要，提出医学图书馆信息库的建设，图书馆计算机网络化的建设，馆员知识结构的建设是完成这种转变的重要措施。     

论医院中小型图书馆数字化学习平台建设

分析中小型图书馆普遍存在的实际问题，介绍医院图书馆开展数字化建设工作实践经验，探讨中小型图书馆进行数字化学习平台建设的方法及应注意的问题。     

省级医学情报机构图书馆建设的思考

体制的改革和传统的图书馆阅览和手工检索已被网络化和数据库检索取代的现状，正是这种现状就给图书馆建设，特别是专业性的科研单位和一般事业单位的图书馆建设带来新的问题和挑战。图书馆建设必须改变理念，重新定位以适应社会发展和用户需求，从而保证生存与发展。     

浅谈医院数字化学习平台的建设

数字信息时代的革命深刻地改变着医院图书馆的发展方向，医院图书馆面对这样的挑战应采取何种应对措施，本文重点论述了数字化图书馆的典型特征，医院图书馆的现状及医院数字化图书馆建设中的对策。     

医院图书馆自动化建设的思考

本文着重论述当前医院图书馆自动化建设的现状，就如何加快图书馆数据库建设，以及对自动化建设的思考问题提出一些见解供同仁共同探讨。     

医学图书馆网站的数字化信息资源建设探讨——北京大学医学图书馆与中山大学医学图书馆网站的比较

在信息数字化的今天，数字化信息资源建设已成为信息服务的重要方面。文章对北京大学医学图书馆与中山大学医学图书馆网站数字化信息资源进行比较考察，分析各自的长处与不足，提出了一些目前医学图书馆网站对数字资源定位及建设的启示。     

图书馆需要复合型人才

为了对我国的经济文化建设提供更优质服务，也为了实现图书馆事业持续快速发展，图书馆急需培养一批创新能力强、能够独挡一面的一专多能的复合型人才，以满足我国图书馆建设的迫切需要。     

特色数据库建设与高校图书馆信息咨询工作的深化

特色数据库是高校图书馆数字化建设的重要组成部分，是图书馆信息咨询工作不断深化的依托。文章对特色数据库建设的若干问题进行了简要的分析，对高校图书馆如何借特色数据库深化信息咨询工作进行了阐述。     

Essentially Winnicott: Creating Psychic Health

The authors of this paper recognize the paradox of identifying with the body of work of D. W. Winnicott as it was essential to his view that each analyst has to become the analyst s/he is or can be. This is to avoid the dead hand of conformity and falsity. Nevertheless his work continues to inspire creative use with its concern with health and those conditions for its development. Both authors find themselves committed to history taking, to needing and taking time, to a willingness to wait before interpreting, to a recognition that the self derives originally from a bodily state of unintegration, that the body remains significant for the expression of self‐states, to an understanding of aggression as not primarily associated with destructiveness, to attending to the state of mind in the analyst that encourages the establishment and maintenance of the analytic setting. Clinically their intention is to maintain a continuity within which psychic change can be facilitated, through an attention to the ongoing exchanges between both parties of the analytic relation. Several clinical examples are given from different settings to illustrate the presence of these tenets in their work.     

Allergic cross-reactions between cat and pig serum albumin

After observing a patient allergic to cat dander and pork but devoid of other allergies, we prospectively screened patients known to be allergic to cat for a second sensitization to pork. After collecting the sera of 10 young patients found to contain specific IgE to cat dander and pork, we undertook this study to detect the possible cross-reactive allergen, define its molecular characteristics, and evaluate its clinical relevance. Through immunoblotting techniques, cat and porcine serum albumin were found to be jointly recognized molecules. These findings were further analyzed by specific anti-albumin IgE titrations and cross-inhibition experiments. Cat serum albumin cDNA was obtained from cat liver, and the corresponding amino acid sequence was deduced and compared to the known porcine and human serum albumin sequences. Inhibition experiments showed that the spectrum of IgE reactivity to cat serum albumin completely contained IgE reactivity to porcine serum albumin, suggesting that sensitization to cat was the primary event. In two cohorts of cat-allergic persons, the frequency of sensitization to cat serum albumin was found to lie between 14% and 23%. Sensitization to porcine albumin was found to lie between 3% and 10%. About 1/3 of these persons are likely to experience allergic symptoms in relation to pork consumption. Sensitization to cat serum albumin should be considered a useful marker of possible cross-sensitization not only to porcine serum albumin but also to other mammalian serum albumins.     

53例慢性髓系白血病细胞遗传学和bcr/abl融合基因检测

目的了解我院慢性粒细胞白血病(慢粒)染色体变异及融合基因表达与临床诊断和分期间的关系。方法染色体制备采用骨髓或外周血短期培养法,G显带,分析核型;融合基因检测则用逆转录-聚合酶链反应法(PCR法)。结果发现慢粒急变期的染色体,除具典型的Ph染色体外,还有 8、 9、i(16)q、i(17)q、-18等其它染色体改变。bcr/ab l融合基因显示慢粒急变期的患者,同时具有165bp和90bp扩增带。结论我们宜将细胞遗传学和PCR法结合,对慢粒白血病进行检测,即有助于对其诊断、预测急变、判断疗效及预后情况的深入了解。     

Perturbed step initiation in cerebellar subjects 1. Modifications of postural responses

Recent experiments in healthy subjects have demonstrated that automatic postural responses can be suppressed when subjects are instructed to step instead of maintain stance in response to the surface translation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the cerebellum in coordinating this interaction between the central command to step and peripherally triggered automatic postural responses. Eight subjects with cerebellar degeneration and eight control subjects were instructed to either maintain stance or step forward in response to a backward translation. In order to determine whether prediction of perturbation amplitude assisted suppression of postural responses, three platform translations were presented in both a serial (predictable) and a random (unpredictable) order. Cerebellar subjects were able to suppress their initial postural responses to the same amount as control subjects when instructed to step forward in response to backward translations, despite their hypermetria and inability to scale responses to predictable perturbation amplitudes. Control, but not cerebellar, subjects scaled the size of their postural responses to predictable perturbation amplitudes. The perturbation amplitude, however, had no effect on the size of early automatic responses when they were suppressed by instruction to step. The size of the suppressed postural response was independent of predictability of perturbation amplitudes in both control and cerebellar subjects. The dynamic interaction between automatic postural responses to an external perturbation and anticipatory postural adjustments for step initiation seems independent of prediction of perturbation amplitude and the integrity of the cerebellum. Although cerebellar subjects show larger-than-normal magnitude and variability of postural responses and an inability to scale the size of responses to predictable perturbation amplitudes, the cerebellum does not seem to be critical for suppression of the early postural response with a centrally intended movement. Received: 2 September 1996 / Accepted: 18 August 1997     

Prevalence of sensitization to the storage mites Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Lepidoglyphus destructor in allergic patients with different degrees of sensitization to the house-dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus

The prevalence of sensitization to the storage mites Acarus siro (AS), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (TP), and Lepidoglyphus destructor (LD) was studied in 250 sera of patients with different degrees of sensitization to the house-dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) by measuring IgE binding to extracts of the storage mites. Additionally, allergenic cross-reactivity between DP and the storage mite species was studied by RAST inhibition with five individual sera (and a pool of these sera) with moderate IgE levels to all three storage mites and to DP. Increased serum IgE to storage mites was found in 46% of the 200 patients sensitized to DP. Increased prevalence rates of IgE titers to storage mites were associated with higher IgE levels to DP In 50 sera without sensitization to DP, only five sera showed increased IgE to one of the storage mites. Extracts of TP almost completely inhibited the IgE binding to AS, and vice versa. DP inhibited IgE binding to all storage mites up to 60%, whereas IgE binding to DP was only minimally inhibited by extracts of storage mites. In conclusion, cosensitization to storage mites is a frequent finding in patients sensitized to DP. Although this is largely the result of cross-reactivity between different mite species, it may nevertheless be of clinical significance in patients exposed to storage mites.     

Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging in the Brown Norway rat

Aging is associated with a loss of the ability to maintain homeostasis in response to physiologic and environmental disturbances. Age-related dysregulation of food intake and energy balance appears to be the result of impaired responsiveness of hypothalamic integrative circuitry to metabolic cues, which can lead to lack of appropriate food intake (the anorexia of aging) and thus to inappropriate weight loss in response to acute or chronic illness or other stressors. Using the Brown Norway (BN) male rat model, we have shown that old animals fail to appropriately increase food intake after the metabolic challenge of a 72 h fast, resulting in the failure to re-gain lost body weight upon refeeding. Leptin levels increase with adiposity and age, and remain elevated above levels of young animals even after a 72 h fast, suggesting that hyperleptinemia may be influencing the energy balance dysregulation. It is unclear whether this age-related response is due to a failure of the network of hypothalamic neurons to appropriately integrate hormonal and neural inputs, or due to a failure of the neurons to produce the appropriate neuropeptides. We hypothesize that sequential, age-related alterations in the expression patterns of neuropeptides that maintain melanocortinergic tone, and in the hormone mediators that inform the system of the state of energy balance, result in a diminished ability to maintain energy homeostasis with increasing age. We have undertaken a number of interventional approaches to test this hypothesis, including manipulations of the hormones ghrelin, insulin and testosterone, and direct application of neuropeptides to the central nervous system in these animals.     

The Enlightenment of Evidence and the Leap in the Dark

This article is a free inspiration following R.D. Hinshelwood's ‘Intuition from beginning to end?’. The author tries to show Bion's Kleinian skill to listen to every detail of the clinical hour, picking up clues and putting them together to render meanings and presenting them to the patient. While doing so, Bion created a richness of concepts for analysts to try out as tools for observation and understanding of their patients’ mental functioning. Several of these concepts along with the clinical inspirations are described here. The author believes, therefore, that even during his ‘loyalty to Klein’ period, Bion was also extremely creative though inspired by Klein. When it comes to intuition, the author prefers to be modest, listen to the patient's free associations and allow intuitions to mate with concepts before getting back to the patient.     

The lymphoproliferative response to enzymatically digested gelatin in subjects with gelatin hypersensitivity

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the immunogenic characteristics of enzymatically digested gelatin, 'FreAlagin', employing the lymphoproliferative response in subjects with gelatin hypersensitivity. Our purpose was to assess the response of primed lymphocytes to the newly developed FreAlagin and compare it to the response to conventional gelatin. METHODS: A gelatin-specific lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) was performed in 110 children with adverse reactions to gelatin-containing vaccines, who showed positive gelatin-specific cell-mediated immunity and were thus diagnosed as having gelatin hypersensitivity. Gelatin-specific IgE was measured in all subjects. The antigenic activity of FreAlagin to lymphocytes was compared with that of conventional bovine gelatin. Positive and negative control specimens were obtained from the patients with anaphylaxis and from subjects inoculated with gelatin-free vaccine who showed no adverse reactions in order to establish the fluorometric ELISA system to determine IgE antibody to gelatin and LPT. RESULTS: The lymphocyte activity against FreAlagin was much less than that to Wako gelatin and more than half of the subjects who reacted positively to Wako gelatin had a negative LPT to FreAlagin. Although 47% of the subjects had positive LPTs to FreAlagin, all but two still had lower SIs to FreAlagin compared with Wako gelatin. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the antigenic activity of FreAlagin as measured by the cell-mediated immune response is significantly less than that of conventional bovine gelatin. However, it is still necessary to perform clinical trials to show a reduced or absent clinical reactivity to FreAlagin in sensitized patients to conventional gelatin.     

Effect of heating and enzymatic hydrolysis on casein cow milk sensitivity in Moroccan population

The objectives of the present work were first to evaluate the sensitivity to cow raw milk of the population of Fez, and then to study the effect of heating and pepsin hydrolysis on the allergenicity of casein. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Fez Hospitals, in which 1000 patients were recruited to establish a sera bank used to evaluate specific IgE to cow milk and to casein. Then, we evaluated the reaction of human IgE to heated and pepsin-hydrolysed casein. The results showed that 11.5% of the population studied self-reported reactions to foods. From them, 3.6% reported allergy to milk. Evaluation of specific IgE to cow raw milk showed that 11.9% of patients presented higher specific IgE levels. The treatments of casein indicated that both heating and pepsin hydrolysis totally decreased its binding on the human IgE.     

Trait absorption is related to enhanced emotional picture processing and reduced processing of secondary acoustic probes

Trait absorption reflects a propensity to have one's attention drawn to engaging sensory or imaginal experiences. It is related to self‐reported levels of positive and negative emotionality, but little work has examined whether absorption is related to greater levels of basic emotional processing. We used the late positive potential (LPP) to pictures and P3 response to subsequent startle probes during those pictures to examine how absorption was related to initial emotional processing and reactivity to a second stimulus. Across genders, absorption was positively related to LPP amplitude to emotional versus neutral pictures at PZ, and it was negatively related to overall P3 amplitude to startle probes at FZ. Thus, absorption appears to index greater processing of emotional material at the cost of reduced processing of subsequent incoming stimuli.