维吉尼亚链霉菌物理诱变及外源添加氯化镧对VGM产量的影响

目的 利用物理诱变结合链霉素抗性筛选维吉尼亚霉素(VGM)高产菌株维吉尼亚链霉菌,并考察外源添加稀土元素氯化镧对维吉尼亚链霉菌发酵的影响。方法 一方面,以链霉素为筛选剂建立孢子致死突变标志的微波及紫外诱变两种筛选模型,采用管碟法获得抑菌圈直径较大的作为初筛菌株,再通过摇瓶复筛进一步确定高产菌株。另一方面,在发酵培养基中外源添加3~30mg/L的氯化镧,考查其对链霉菌合成VGM的影响。结果 比较两种筛选模型,基于链霉素的微波诱变效果较好,正突变率高达32.83%;并获得一株高产菌株MW 178(146.72±11.80)μg/mL,较出发菌株(21.24±1.34)μg/mL提高了约6倍。在发酵初始时,外源添加10mg/L氯化镧,VGM的产量由146.72μg/mL提高到180.01μg/mL,提高了约22.69%。结论 采用微波诱变结合链霉素抗性筛选的方法可以获得VGM高产突变株;在发酵初始时,外源添加适量氯化镧可以显著提高VGM产量。     

通过获得链霉素抗性基因(str)突变株筛选梅岭霉素高产菌株

本文通过链霉素对梅岭霉素（meilingmycin）产生菌南昌链霉菌NS－41－80菌株孢子致死浓度的测定，采用诱变剂EMS四种不同诱变剂量对菌株的孢子进行诱变处理，诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素致死浓度的高氏平板上，获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因（str）突变株。然后从链霉素抗性基因突变株进一步筛选到梅岭霉素高产菌株80－5．11－221，在摇瓶条件下，只产梅岭霉素不产南昌霉素，梅岭霉素活性效价达1500μg/ml，比出发菌株NS－41－80的摇瓶发酵效价855μg/ml提高了77．9％，该菌株连续传代六代进行摇瓶发酵，其F2代和F3代梅岭霉素发酵效价稳定，F4代至F6代随着传代数增加，其梅岭霉素发酵效价急速下降。通过EMS诱变剂量分别与抗药性突变率和链霉素抗性基因突变株产梅岭霉素产量的产势统计分析表明，菌株抗药性突变与产抗生素突变密切相关，产抗生素突变的EMS诱变剂量高于链霉素抗性基因突变诱变剂量。在0．03mol/L的EMS剂量作用下，菌株致死率为99．43％，而抗药性突变率为0．0440％，建立了梅岭霉素产生菌链霉素抗性基因突变筛选方法，为南昌链霉菌高产菌种选育研究作了有益的尝试，并有助于其它链霉菌属的抗生素产生菌育种研究。     

新型抗真菌抗生素CA-SD07高产菌株的诱变育种初探

目的 拟通过紫外线诱变结合耐高浓度磷酸盐筛选广谱抗真菌抗生素CA-SD07的高产菌株.方法 采用两种育种方式:紫外线诱变(UV),紫外线诱变后进行高浓度磷酸盐抗性筛选(UV+Pi).筛选方法采用抑菌圈法、摇瓶发酵和小型发酵罐发酵.结果 经过摇瓶初筛和复筛,从UV组和UV+Pi组共筛选到6株抗生素相对产量比原始菌株提高100％以上的高产菌.通过发酵罐发酵试验,选出1株抗生素相对产量稳定提高100％以上,且发酵周期缩短约24h的突变菌株.结论 UV+Pi与UV组育种效果接近,抗磷酸盐筛选并没有明显提高抗生素产量的作用,提示利用抗磷酸盐筛选高产菌株,需要在现行方法上进行改进才有可能实现.     

常压室温等离子体-紫外复合诱变选育新硫肽类抗生素166A高产菌株

摘要：目的 通过对新硫肽类抗生素166A产生菌小单孢菌TMD166进行诱变选育研究,以期获得产166A的高产菌株。方 法 使用多功能等离子体诱变系统(multifunctional plasma mutagenesis system, MPMS)对出发菌株TMD166的孢子进行等离子体-紫 外(MPMS-UV)复合诱变,单孢子悬液经照射处理、涂布培养后获得单菌落,并以牛津杯固体发酵高通量筛选方法对菌株进行初 筛,之后对高产菌株进行摇瓶复筛,利用突变株摇瓶发酵的化学效价筛选出正突变菌株。结果 对比MPMS-UV不同诱变剂量发 现,MPMS105s-UV60s复合诱变剂量获得的正突变率最高,达到41.43%,相应致死率为99.88%。最终筛选出一株166A高产突 变株TMD166-MU1,在培养温度为28℃、210 r/min的条件下,经过96~120 h培养后,166A产量相比出发菌株提高了7.47倍。结 论 采用MPMS-UV复合诱变方式,再结合牛津杯固体发酵高通量筛选方法和摇瓶复筛,可高效筛选获得166A高产菌株。     

60Coγ射线对南昌霉素产生菌的诱变选育

采用不同剂量的^60Coγ射线，对南昌霉素产生菌南昌链霉菌80-5.3-116菌株的孢子进行处理。结果表明，7.74c/kg的诱变剂量在对孢子致死率为90％左右时，具有较好的诱变效应；初筛摇瓶产量正变率达到21.08％；复筛摇瓶发酵效价比出发菌株提高50％以上的有10株，占初筛菌株的5％；连续四批摇瓶发酵试验平均产量比出发菌株的产量提高50％以上；有6个菌株摇瓶产量分别比出发菌株提高60％，其中3株平均摇瓶产量比出发菌提高70%以上。     

氮离子注入法选育春雷霉素高产菌株和生产发酵

目的以氮离子束注入法对春雷霉素产生菌进行诱变育种,获得高产菌株。方法以小金色链霉菌(Streptomyces microaureus)US17为出发菌株,采用不同剂量的氮离子注入法处理该菌株,经过摇瓶初筛、复筛和上罐发酵,确定生产性状优良的菌种。结果经过诱变处理和筛选后,获得4株高产菌株。其中K1999.2010S247菌株摇瓶效价达到27 546mg·L-1。经25吨罐生产验证,平均发酵效价比原工业生产菌株提高了5.44%,组分含量质量分数提高了4.5%。结论采用离子束注入法对春雷霉素产生菌诱变育种效果显著,所获得高产菌株发酵效价高、组分含量高,产生巨大的经济效益,适合工业生产发酵使用。     

红霉素链霉菌抗噬菌体菌株的选育

目的筛选红霉素链霉菌抗噬菌体菌株.方法以红霉素链霉菌B-27#为出发菌株,采用经过紫外诱变过的孢子悬浮液与噬菌体接触的方法进行处理.结果筛选到一株抗噬菌体高产菌株.通过噬菌体的侵染试验和摇瓶发酵生产能力验证,其抗噬菌体能力十分稳定,红霉素发酵摇瓶效价比对照有所提高.该菌株经纯化后投入生产,有效地控制和预防了噬菌体的污染.结论采用经过紫外诱变过的孢子悬浮液与噬菌体接触的方法进行处理,可以有效的获得抗噬菌体菌株.在试验中我们还发现,在紫外灯(253.7 nm、15 W、30 cm)下照射120 s,菌株出现抗噬菌体突变的几率最高.     

红霉素链霉菌抗噬菌体菌株的选育

目的筛选红霉素链霉菌抗噬菌体菌株。方法以红霉素链霉菌B-27#为出发菌株,采用经过紫外诱变过的孢子悬浮液与噬菌体接触的方法进行处理。结果筛选到一株抗噬菌体高产菌株。通过噬菌体的侵染试验和摇瓶发酵生产能力验证,其抗噬菌体能力十分稳定,红霉素发酵摇瓶效价比对照有所提高。该菌株经纯化后投入生产,有效地控制和预防了噬菌体的污染。结论采用经过紫外诱变过的孢子悬浮液与噬菌体接触的方法进行处理,可以有效的获得抗噬菌体菌株。在试验中我们还发现,在紫外灯(253.7 nm、15 W、30 cm)下照射120 s,菌株出现抗噬菌体突变的几率最高。     

用紫外线诱变育种筛选土霉素菌种的高效价菌株

以土霉素产生菌龟裂链霉菌 F_1为出发菌株,经紫外线诱变处理后,再经摇瓶初筛、复筛获得高效价菌株 F_2。     

新型常压室温等离子体-紫外复合诱变选育埃莎霉素I高产菌株#br#

目的 通过对埃莎霉素Ⅰ产生菌WSJ-IA进行诱变选育研究,以期获得埃莎霉素Ⅰ高产菌株。方法 使用多功能等离子体诱变系统(multifunctional plasma mutagenesis system, MPMS)对出发菌株的孢子进行等离子体和紫外复合诱变,设定不同的诱变时间处理孢子悬液,通过致死率确定合适的诱变条件,利用突变株摇瓶发酵效价筛选出正突变菌株。结果 在MPMS射频功率为100W,处理距离5mm,气体流量12.5SLM,等离子体-紫外辐射时间为50s时,菌株致死率为96.08%。在此诱变条件下,以突变株的初筛效价为指标的突变率、正突变率分别达到63.96%和22.52%,复筛效价是出发菌株1.5倍以上的有5株,占复筛菌株的9%。最终筛选出一株发酵单位比出发菌株提高221%、埃莎霉素Ⅰ组分含量提高192%的正突变株IA-425。42L自动发酵罐发酵结果表明,该菌株埃莎霉素Ⅰ产量达到(2000±200)μg/mL左右。结论 新型等离子体复合紫外诱变方式,可有效提高菌株的埃莎霉素Ⅰ发酵产量和组分含量。这为埃莎霉素Ⅰ的大规模发酵和临床前研究奠定了良好基础。     

紫外和微波结合诱变选育lipstatin产生菌

以紫外和微波结合诱变选育lipstatin产生菌Streptomyces toxytricini SIPI-HJ-80，获得高产突变株SIPI-UM-5，其lipstatin摇瓶发酵单位是出发株的3．25倍。菌株经多次传代，遗传性状稳定。     

Construction of plasmid vectors from Streptomyces kasugaensis plasmids, pSK1 and pSK2

Streptomyces kasugaensis G3 was transformed by pIJ702 DNA carrying the thiostrepton-resistance gene at a frequency of 2 X 10(5) transformants/micrograms DNA, but it was found that the introduced pIJ702 was very unstable in this strain. This result led us to make useful vectors using the stable plasmids resident in S. kasugaensis. The Bcl I-fragment, containing the thiostrepton-resistance gene obtained from pIJ702, was inserted into the pSK1 and pSK2 plasmids isolated from S. kasugaensis. Two composite plasmids, pSK11-1 (8.0 Md) and pSK21-1 (4.8 Md), were isolated from the thiostrepton-resistant transformants of strain Ge. The constructed pSK11-1 consisted of the entire pSK1 molecule and the thiostrepton-resistance gene fragment. pSK21-1 consisted of the large Bcl I-fragment of pSK2 (4.1 Md) and the same thiostrepton-resistance gene. These plasmids were stably maintained in S. kasugaensis G3. Small derivatives of these composite plasmids were prepared by restriction enzyme cleavage and self-ligation, and several unique insertion sites were also constructed in these small plasmids. By analysis of the physical maps of these plasmids, the essential regions of pSK1 and pSK2 were determined from their DNA segments to be 2.5 Md in pSK11-1 and 1.9 Md in pSK21-1. pSK21-B5, one of these plasmid vectors, showed a wide host range in the genus Streptomyces and was stably maintained in all streptomycete species tested, except S. kasugaensis M338.     

新一代必特螺旋霉素基因工程菌的微波诱变

本文探讨微波诱变对新一代必特螺旋霉素基因工程菌的育种效果.以经紫外诱变筛选的新一代必特螺旋霉素产生菌Streptomyces spiramyceticus NBT-U149为出发菌株进行微波诱变筛选.辐射分四种方式:培养皿加盖冷却;加盖不冷却;不加盖冷却;不加盖不冷却,辐射时间分别为10、20、30、40、50、60、80、100和120s.每次辐射5s后,冰上快速冷却20s再照射,并将照射时间累计.以不同的辐射时间设定为不同的微波处理剂量,计算致死率.结果 表明,必特菌株对微波敏感,微波辐射60s时致死率达到92.55%.微波诱变在以脉冲频率为2450MHz的800W家用微波炉条件下,其最佳作用方式为培养皿不加盖、冰上快速冷却,最佳辐射时间为50s.初筛摇瓶正突变率达到57.14%,复筛摇瓶发酵效价是出发菌株1.6倍以上的有10株,占初筛菌株的2%.最终筛选得到突变株Streptomyces spiramyceticus NBT-UM22,其必特螺旋霉素发酵产量是出发菌株的1.87倍,且组分比例无明显变化.     

Cloning of a gene from Streptomyces species complementing argG mutations

A gene that complements argG mutations was cloned from Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans by using pIJ702 as a vector. The recombinant plasmid pMCP25 complemented argG mutations of S. lividans and S. coelicolor. The inserted DNA of pMCP25 was able to hybridize with argG+ strains of S. lividans, S. coelicolor, S. lavendulae and S. alboniger but not with argG mutants of these strains.     

Increased production of aminoglycosides associated with amplified antibiotic resistance genes

The 6'-N-acetyltransferase derived from Streptomyces kanamyceticus strain M1164 was cloned on to the high copy plasmid vector pIJ702 and introduced into S. kanamyceticus (ATCC 12853, a kanamycin producer) and S. fradiae (ATCC 10745, a neomycin producer). In both cases transformants containing the recombinant plasmid showed increased resistance to a number of aminoglycoside antibiotics and substantially increased production of kanamycin and neomycin. This demonstrates that specific amplification of gene products associated with antibiotic biosynthesis provides a means for improving antibiotic production.     

Genetic transformation ofStreptomyces caespitosus

Genetic transformation ofStreptomyces caespitosus by plasmid pIj 702 was carried out. Optimal conditions for the protoplast preparation ofStreptomyces caespitosus, its regeneration, and its transformation by pIj 702 were evaluated. Addition of 2% glycine to the culture broth was optimal for protoplast yield. Formation and regeneration of protoplasts were most efficient when the mycelium were harvested at between late log and stationary growth phase. The regeneration frequency of the protoplasts was 15% when the protoplasts were regenerated on R2YE agar media containing 0.5M sucrose. Under the best condition for protoplats regeneration, the optimal transformation frequency was achieved with 40% polyethylene glycol (M.W. 4,000) treatment for 2 minutes.     

Cloning and expression of a gene encoding N-glycosyltransferase (ngt) from Saccarothrix aerocolonigenes ATCC39243

In the course of our bioconversion studies on the derivatives of an indolocarbazole, J-104303, Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes ATCC39243 was found to convert J-104303, which was added into the culture medium, to its glycosylated derivative, J-109384. In order to clone the gene having the ability to convert J-104303 to J-109384, a library of Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes ATCC39243 DNA fragments was constructed using Streptomyces lividans TK21 and pIJ702 as host strain and vector, respectively. By examining more than 5,000 transformants, one was found to convert J-104303 to J-109384. Sequence analysis of the inserted DNA fragment revealed an open reading frame with 1,245 base pairs, named ngt. The transformant containing this ngt gene was also found to introduce a D-glucose moiety into 6-N-methylarcyriaflavin C. Furthermore, when ngt was introduced into Streptomyces mobaraensis BA13793, a producer of J-104303, the resulting transformant produced J-109384 directly.     

Molecular cloning of a xylanase gene from Streptomyces sp. No. 36a and its expression in streptomycetes

The gene for an extracellular xylanase from Streptomyces sp. No. 36a was cloned into Streptomyces lividans TK21 using pIJ702 as a vector plasmid. The smallest DNA fragment encoding the xylanase gene and its possible promotor was determined to be a 1.04 kb Sph I-Sac I fragment by sub-cloning studies. This xylanase gene fragment was transferred into the pSK2 series of plasmids and introduced into Streptomyces kasugaensis G3 protoplasts. The cloned xylanase gene was expressed in both S. lividans TK21 and S. kasugaensis G3, and these clones produced and secreted high yields of xylanase into the culture medium. The xylanase production was not detected when a foreign DNA fragment was inserted into the Bcl I site locating in the xylanase gene fragment.     

Cloning of DNA fragments containing Streptomyces promoter activity

The thiostrepton-resistance gene is expressed in Streptomyces jumonjinensis [16]-8 SANK 61185 carrying the plasmid pIJ702 but not the tyrosinase gene. We have isolated DNA fragments from various streptomycetes that restore expression of the tyrosinase gene on pIJ702 in this organism. The nucleotide sequences of two of these DNA fragments show that they contain putative ribosome binding sites and- 10 regions of possible promoters.     

氮离子注入柔红霉素产生菌诱变高产菌株的研究

抗肿瘤抗生素柔红霉素产生菌 HB1482 - 170株经 1.5× 10 1 1 ions/ cm2 氮离子束诱变处理后 ,获得1株高产柔红霉素诱变株 137,菌落形态与出发株相近 ,用于生产罐 ,柔红霉素产率较出发菌株提高 2 5 .8%。