中山市神经症流行病学调查报告

目的：了解中山市神经症流行病学情况。方法：采用世界卫生组织(WHO)提供，1982年和1993年2次全国精神疾病流行病学调查使用的方法。结果：中山市神经症(均为现患病例)的时点患病率为29．7‰，女性患病率(45．8‰)明显高于男性(12．4‰)，神经衰弱的患病率位于首位(21．8‰)。结论：中山市神经症的患病率明显高于1993年全国7地区精神疾病流行病学调查结果15．11‰，应列为精神疾病防治重点。     

高校学生神经衰弱调查研究

本文采用国内12地区神经症流行学调查相似的方法,对高校1693名大学生进行一次神经衰弱患病状况的调查。结果表明,大学生中神经衰弱患病率为5.13%,女性患病率高于男性。     

无锡市神经症流行病学调查

目的:了解无锡市神经症的患病率及人口学特点.方法:采用1993年中国7地区精神疾病流行学调查方法,于2003年在无锡市进行神经症流行病学调查.结果:在城乡15～59岁的1928人中,神经症患病率为38.38‰,其中以抑郁性神经症患病率最高(20.75‰),其余按患病率高低依次为焦虑症(8.30‰)、神经衰弱(4.67‰)、疑病症(2.59‰)、癔症(1.04‰)和强迫症(1.04‰).患病率与性别、经济状况、职业等因素有关.结论:神经症是一类十分常见的精神疾病,患病率呈上升趋势,应列为社区精神卫生保健工作的重点疾病.     

中小学教师神经衰弱调查研究

本文采用国内12地区神经症流行学调查相似的方法,对城区1698名中小学教师进行一次神经衰弱患病状况的调查。结果表明中小学教师中神经衰弱患病率为5.06%,女性患病率高于男性。中小学教师神经衰弱症状的发生不是孤立单一因素作用的结果,与其心理健康水平、遭遇生活事件及个性特征密切相关。提示在中小学教师中开展心理卫生工作有着重要的现实意义。     

工厂与农村神经症患病率与人群分布特征的比较

对神经症作流行病学调查发现,在工厂与农村样本中均以女性、40岁以上以及文化程度低者患病率较高;两样本中神经症亚型患病率顺位亦呈显著性正相关。另一方面,女性患病率工厂高于农村;男性之间则无显著差异。结合国内外80年代以来的调查资料,神经症流行病学特征的相对稳定性,支持将神经症作为一个诊断实体的观点。并对不同调查所得神经症患病率数据差异的可能原因作了讨论。     

高校学生神经衰弱患病状况的调查研究

本文采用国内12地区神经症流行学调查相似的方法,对高校1693名大学生进行一次神经衰弱患病状况的调查,结果表明,大学生中神经衰弱患病率为5.13％,女性患病率高于男性。从性别及年龄患病率顺位上分析,男性自18岁至24岁,患病率呈逐年增高的趋势,女性患病率无一定规律可循。     

广东中山市精神疾病流行病学调查

目的 了解中山市精神疾病流行病学情况。方法 采用WHO提供,1982年和1993年两次全国精神疾病流行病学调查使用的方法,对中山市城乡3721人行社会人口学调查及15岁以上人口精神疾病患病情况调查。结果 中山市精神疾病(不含神经症和海洛因依赖)时点患病率26.13‰,终生患病率为29.91‰;两者明显高于1993年中国七地区精神疾病流行病学调查结果(相应为11.18‰和13.74‰,P均小于0.01)。神经症(均为现患病例)的时点患病率为29.70‰,海洛因依赖终生患病率为7.56‰。结论 中山市精神分裂症和精神发育迟滞仍居前两位,而酒依赖、情感性精神障碍、脑器质性眠精神障碍及镇静眠药物依赖患病率升高,神经症、海洛因依赖患病率居国内较高水平,应列为防治和研究的重点。     

唐山大地震远期神经症抽样调查和病因学探讨

目的 了解唐山大地震远期神经症患病率,并探讨重大精神创伤和神经症发病之间的关系。方法 抽样调壹了亲身经历唐山大地震的幸存者1807人,全部抽样样本完成了自行编制的唐山大地震调查表和标准化评定工具的调查、评定和诊断。结果 1807人中诊断神经症114例、神经症现患病率为62．87‰。男性现患病率43．74‰、女性现患病率为78．79‰。神经症组在大地震中遭受的精神创伤严重度显著高于非神经症组。结论 本调查显示神经症高患病率与精神创伤持续性影响效应有关。精神创伤的严重程度和神经症发生之间存在着密切的联系。应对遭受重大精神创伤的群体和个体实施神经症防治工作。     

安徽淮北矿区职工精神疾病流行病学调查

目的：了解安徽淮北市矿区职工各类精神障碍的患病率。方法：采用精神疾病流调手册推荐的方法和流程,于2009年9月1日至12月31日对淮北市矿区职工进行精神疾病流行病学调查。结果：通过多级分层整群概率比例,随机抽样2830人完成调查,患有精神疾病177例（其中神经症88例）,精神疾病患病率为62．54‰;若不含神经症,患病率为31．45‰,与1993年全国7个地区精神疾病流行病学调查结果相比明显升高。结论：淮北矿区职工精神疾病患病率较高,各类精神疾病患病率以神经症和酒依赖居前两位。矿区职工精神卫生防治工作亟待加强。     

神经症住院病人入院前就诊方式的临床资料分析

1993年全国七个地区神经症流行病学调查结果表明：各种神经症总患病率为15．11％，以躯体症状为主诉首次就诊于综合性医院者占93％，而内科医生的神经症诊断率仅为25．7％。为此，本调查旨在了解神经症病人发病后就诊行为特点以及影响因素，为神经症的防治提供一定的参考资料。现报道如下：     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。