肝内胆管结石手术方法的选择

自1980～1993年手术治疗肝内胆管结石559例。结石位于左肝230例(41.14％)，右肝110例(19.68％)．左右肝内均有结石219例(39.18％)。合并胆管狭窄245例(43．8％)，共294处。根据肝内胆管结石状况和病理类型，分别采用不同的手术方法。随访432例，1～12年(平均5．5年)。主要手术方法的远期优良率分别为：肝切除95.3％，胆管空肠Roux-en-Y扩大吻合89．91％，肝切除加胆管空肠扩大吻合联合手术88．24％，胆管切开配合术中、术后胆道镜取石87.4％。经胆道镜取石的残石率7.28％，未用胆道镜取石的残石率29．17％。着重讨论了肝内胆管结石的手术方法选择。作者认为根据不同的结石状况和病理类型，分别选择恰当的手术方法，可望提高肝内胆管结石的远期疗效。     

肝叶切除治疗肝内胆管结石139例临床分析

目的 研究肝叶切除在治疗肝内胆管结石中的作用与疗效.方法 回顾性分析2006年3月至2010年8月安徽省立医院收治的139名行肝叶切除术的肝内胆管结石患者资料,观察手术治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效.结果 本组患者行肝脏部分切除术97例(69.8％),肝脏部分切除+胆总管探查34例(24.5％),肝脏部分切除+胆肠内引流术5例(3.6％),保守治疗3例(2.2％),全组并发症13例(9.4％),其中腹腔感染5例(3.6％),胆瘘3例(2.2％),切口感染2例(1.4％),肺部感染3例(2.2％),术后5年结石复发14例(10.1％).结论 合理的肝叶、肝段切除术是治疗肝内胆管结石安全有效的方法,术中纤维胆道镜探查可降低残石率.对于弥漫性肝内胆管结石,肝叶或肝段切除结合内引流术是治疗的有效手段.     

肝内胆管结石并胆管狭窄的治疗

为探讨肝内胆管结石并胆管狭窄的外科治疗，对１０年来收治的１６８例肝内胆管结石并胆管狭窄的术前检查、结石及狭窄的部位和分布情况、手术方式、手术后并发症及残余结石的处理进行了分析。结果显示：１６８例中，左肝内胆管结石、全肝结石和右肝内胆管结石分别是８３，５９和２６例；左外叶及左半肝切除１１６例；右肝段切除２２例；高位胆管切开整形胆肠大口吻合９６例；残石率３％；１３例出现手术后并发症；随访１４２例，优良效果９６．５％。结果提示肝叶、肝段切除联合肝胆管空肠大口吻合是肝内胆管结石并胆管狭窄的最佳治疗选择。     

肝内胆管结石不同术式对结石残留及复发的影响

目的 前瞻性研究肝内胆管结石不同术式对术后结石残留复发率的影响.方法 选择167例肝内胆管结石病人,按肝内外胆管结石分布、胆管狭窄和并发症情况将病人分组,比较各组病人不同术式(胆总管切开取石术、胆肠内引流术、胆总管切开取石加纤维胆道镜取石术、肝叶/段切除术)下术后结石残留和二年内复发情况.结果 初次手术选择胆总管切开加纤维胆道镜取石术或肝叶/段切除术,其术后残石率及结石复发率低于初次手术单纯行胆总管切开取石术者(P＜0.05);肝叶/段切除术的术后残石率及结石复发率较胆总管切开加纤维胆道镜取石术有降低趋势;合并胆总管结石的病人行肝叶/段切除术或胆总管切开加纤维胆道镜取石术后,其残石率与无胆总管结石者无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 肝内胆管结石较好的治疗方法为肝切除术或胆总管切开加纤维胆道镜取石术.     

肝内胆管结石外科手术方法探讨

目的: 探讨肝内胆管结石并狭窄的手术治疗方法及其效果。方法: 总结8年间住院的165例肝内胆管结石并胆管狭窄患者的外科手术治疗情况。其中A组85例行肝叶(或肝段)切除的各种术式，同时行胆管空肠吻合40例，肝断面扩张胆管、肝门胆管与空肠双口吻合10例，T管和U管引流分别为21例和14例；B组80例行非肝叶(或肝段)切除术的各种术式，其中胆总管切开取石+T管引流23例，胆总管切开取石+U形管引流15例，胆肠吻合+胆总管取石42例。肝门部肝胆管狭窄整形46例。结果: A组无手术死亡；随访2～7年，术后残留结石4例，残石率4.71%；症状复发3例，复发率3.53%，无再手术者。B组无手术死亡；B组随访2～7年，术后残留结石12例，残石率15.00%。10例术后常有上腹隐痛或发热，症状复发率12.5%。术后经胆道镜取石5例，其余6例中有3例再次行肝叶切除治愈。结论: 肝段(叶)切除联合其他手术是治疗肝内胆管结石较为理想而有效的手术方式。     

规则性肝段切除结合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石

目的 研究规则性肝段切除结合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的优越性及有效性。方法 根据289例患者肝内胆管结石的分布情况(左外叶138例．左肝叶96例,右前叶6例,右后叶12例,右肝叶25例。双侧肝叶12例;合并有显著肝段或肝叶萎缩98例,肝脓肿8例,胆瘘3例,胆管癌5例)行肝段或联合肝段切除。其中S2～S3切除181例,S2～4切除56例．S6～S7切除18例,S5～8切除12例,双侧肝叶切除12例。附加术式包括经肝门部胆管切开取石186例,经肝实质胆管切开取石8例,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合196例(10例输出空肠拌皮下埋植)。术中胆道镜经胆总管途径186例,肝断面胆管途径103例,术后胆道镜经T管途径186例,皮下输出空肠袢途径10例。结果 随访10个月至10年,89．5％(259／289)症状消失,7．9％(23／289)偶有轻度胆管炎发作,2．6％(7／289)仍反复发作严重胆道感染。术后并发症有胆漏8例(2．8％)．膈下感染12例(4．2％)．腹腔脓肿1例(0．35％)．3例(1．03％)术后死于肝衰竭。结论 规则性肝段切除术结合胆道镜技术是治疗肝内胆管结石的最有效手段。     

肝内胆管结石112例手术治疗

目的:探讨肝内胆管结石的手术治疗及术后残石对策.方法:回顾性分析肝内胆管结石112例临床资料,行肝叶(段)切除术29例,肝叶(段)切除+胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术8例,肝叶(段)切除+胆总管切开取石术6例,胆总管切开取石+胆管空肠Roux-en-y吻合术20例,胆总管切开取石+T管引流术49例.结果:术后残石28例(25.0%),经胆道镜等技术取石后残石4例(3.6%),再次手术2例(1.8%).结论:残石率为3.6%,解除梗阻,去除病因是治疗肝内胆管结石的基本原则,合理选择手术方式,术中和术后配合胆道镜治疗,可有降低残石率.     

不相邻多肝叶、段切除治疗复杂性肝内胆管结石36例

目的探讨不相邻多肝叶、段切除术结合二、三级肝管切开胆肠Roux-Y吻合对复杂性肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法回顾分析2000年7月至2004年7月经多肝叶、段切除治疗的复杂性肝内胆管结石36例。结果本组36例无手术死亡,手术并发症少,残石率低,无再手术病例,优良率达94．4％。结论以不相邻多肝叶、段切除为主配合二、三级肝管切开胆肠Roux -Y吻合是治疗多原发灶的复杂性肝内胆管结石的合理手术方式,可以达到去除病灶、解除梗阻、通畅引流的目的。     

术中胆道镜在肝胆管结石手术中的应用

目的探讨术中使用纤维胆道镜在肝内胆管结石外科手术治疗中的临床应用方法及价值。方法回顾分析我院1991年2月至2011年2月外科手术治疗肝内胆管结石病人352例,根据结石部位的不同采取不同的手术方式,包括胆总管探查术、肝左外叶切除、肝左外叶切除+胆总管探查术、肝左叶切除术、肝左叶切除术+胆总管探查术、肝右后叶切除术、右肝叶切除+胆总管探查术、联合肝叶切除+胆总管探查术,分析术中应用胆道镜取石后不同部位的手术后残石率及术后胆道镜再取石后残石率。结果不伴有肝内胆管狭窄的单纯性左肝外和/或左肝内叶结石行胆总管切开取石78例,术后胆道镜取石后无结石残留;孤立性肝内胆管结石行肝左外叶切除、肝左叶切除或肝右后叶切除术119例,可获治愈性效果,无结石残留;肝左外叶切除+胆总管探查术、肝左叶切除术+胆总管探查术、右肝叶切除+胆总管探查术、联合肝叶切除+胆总管探查术,手术后残石率及术后胆道镜再取石后残石率分别为9.5%、2.3%、14.6%、20.9%及4.8%、0%、6.3%、13.9%,总计352例病人术中应用胆道镜取石后残石率及术后胆道镜再取石后残石率分别为5.7%(20/352)、2.8%(10/352)。结论孤立性肝内胆管结石行肝叶切除,可手术治愈结石病,不同部位的肝内胆管结石病外科手术治疗术中应用纤维胆道镜取石,可减少残石率,结合手术后的胆道镜取石,能更加显著降低残石率。     

联合肝部分切除治疗肝内胆管结石并狭窄

目的：探讨联合肝部分切除的胆道手术在肝内胆管结石狭窄治疗中的临床应用。方法：回顾总结九年来联舍肝部分切除的胆道手术治疗肝内胆管结石及狭窄58例，其中肝段、肝叶切除加胆管狭窄矫形胆道重建术31例(占53．45％)，肝段、肝叶切除27例(占46．5％)以及术中纤维胆道镜取石等。结果：手术后结石取净53例(占91．4％)，纤维胆道镜取石3例，1例结石取净，总的结石取净率为94．7％(54／57)，手术并发症9例(占15．5％)，死亡1例(占1．7％)。随访1—9年57例，肝内结石复发2例(占3．5％)。结论：联合肝段、肝叶切除的胆道手术是治疗肝内胆管结石并狭窄的有效方法。术后纤维胆道镜检查与治疗对诊治残余结石有重要意义。     

肝切除术治疗肝胆管结石316例报告

目的总结用肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的经验及评价其疗效。方法回顾性分析近20年间采用肝部分切除术治疗原发性肝内胆管结石316例的临床资料,统计结石的分布、术式选择、术后并发症及治疗效果。肝切除术式采用左外叶切除192例(60.76%),左半肝切除58例(18.35%),肝方叶切除12例(3.80%),右前叶切除6例(1.90%),右后叶切除25例(7.91%),右半肝切除9例(2.85%),双侧多区段肝切除14例(4.43%);其中附加胆肠内引流术184例(58.23%)、经肝实质切开取石4例。结果全组手术后发生并发症56例(17.72%),包括胆漏、胆道出血、膈下脓肿等。术后1个月内分别因应激性溃疡、肝肾衰竭、二重感染并多器官衰竭死亡各1例(0.95%)。258例获11个月至18年的随访,平均随访10.3年,优良率90.31%。结论规则性肝叶/段切除是治疗原发性肝胆管结石的有效手段。     

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??Treatment of complicated primary hepatic lithiasis by combined right and left lobectomy??an analysis of 47 cases WANG Huai-Zhi, HE Zhen-Ping, BIE Ping, et al. Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of PLA, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing400038??China Corresponding author: WANG Huai-Zhi, E-mail??whuaizhi@gmail.com Abstract Objective To summarize the experience and evaluate the therapeutic effect of combined right and left lobectomy for complicated primary hepatic lithiasis. Methods To analyze retrospectively the clinical data of 47 patients suffering from complicated primary hepatic lithiasis underwent combined right and left lobectomy from Aug.1991 to Aug. 2007. Stones distribution, operation style, postoperative complications and therapeutic effects were evaluated. Results 15 patients out of 47 patients had underwent operations on bile duct. All of the patients have stones in both right lobe and left lobe. Out of 47 patients, 7 patients have stones in caudate lobe, 21 patients have stones in extrahepatic bile duct. 23 cased of biliary stricture were found during operations. All of the patients underwent combined right and left lobectomy. Out of 47 patients, 3 patients underwent the resection of biliary tree of right lobe, 6 patients underwent the resection of biliary tree of right posterior lobe. Additional procedures include exploration of common bile duct in 28 patients, chole-enterostomy(Roux-en-Y) in 19 patients and intrahepatic lithotomy through hepatic parenchyma. Two patients died perioperatively. Three patients had intraperitoneal infection after operation. One patient had residual stone in right anterior lobe. One patient had residual stone in left interior lobe. The follow-up time is from 16 months to 17 years.88.89% of patients has excellent life quality. Conclusion Combined right and left lobectomy has less complications, less residual stones, excellent long-term results, thus is one of the effective procedures treating complicated primary hepatic lithiasis.     

肝切除治疗肝胆管结石

目的 探讨肝切除治疗肝胆管结石的疗效。方法 回顾性分析了1980年2月至1999年2月128例肝胆管结石采用肝切除治疗的术式和治疗效果。结果 肝切除治疗肝胆管结石占整个手术治疗病人的41．29％。其中左外叶切除78例，占60．94％；左半肝切除18例，占14．06％；肝方叶切除7例，占5．47％；右半肝及右肝段切除25例，占19．53％；附加胆肠吻合术50例，占39．06％。手术并发症18例，占14．06％。术后1个月内死亡2例，占1．56％。106例(82．8l％)获2～20年随访，平均随访12．5年，优良率90．56％。结论 肝切除治疗肝胆管结石是最有效的治疗手段，其中早期的肝切除治疗效果最佳。     

肝左右叶联合切除治疗复杂原发性肝胆管结石47例疗效分析

目的 总结肝左右叶联合切除治疗复杂肝胆管结石的经验及其疗效。方法 回顾性分析1991年8月至2007年8月第三军医大学西南医院肝左右叶联合切除治疗复杂的原发性肝胆管结石47例病人的临床资料,统计结石的分布、手术方式、术后并发症及治疗效果。结果 47例病人中15例有胆道手术史。所有病例左右肝均有结石,其中7例合并尾叶结石,21例合并肝外胆管结石。术中发现合并肝内外胆管狭窄23例。所有病例均采用肝左右叶联合切除术,其中3例行右肝胆管树切除术,6例行右肝后叶胆管树切除术。附加手术：28例行胆道探查、T管引流术,19例附加胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,3例附加肝实质切开取石术。47例病人手术死亡2例。术后出现腹腔感染3例,右前叶结石残留1例,左内叶结石残留1例。随访16个月至17年,生活质量优良率为88.89%。结论 肝左右叶联合切除治疗肝胆管结石并发症少、残留结石少、远期疗效好,是治疗复杂肝胆管结石的有效手段之一。     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移的手术疗效。方法1996年8月～2000年8月手术治疗结直肠癌肝转移患者31例,行原发癌与转移癌同时切除者9例,结直肠癌根治术后6月再切除肝转移灶者18例;切除肝转移灶后2月再切除原发病灶者4例。原发灶行右半结肠切除5例,横结肠切除4例,左半结肠切除7例,Dixon术12例,Miles术3例。肝转移灶行左外叶切除5例,左半肝切除2例,右后叶切除4例,右前叶切除2例,左或右肝不规则切除18例。结果全组无手术死亡。术后粘连性肠梗阻1例,切口感染3例,经对症治疗后均痊愈出院。平均随访6.4(0.5～8)年,1、2、5年生存率分别为100%、80.6%、29.0%。同期手术者与分期手术者5年生存率分别为33.3%和27.3%,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论对结直肠癌肝转移患者应积极争取手术切除,术后可配合其他综合治疗;对原发灶早期诊断、早期手术治疗及辅助化疗有利于防止结直肠癌肝转移。     

早期肝胆管结石的肝切除治疗

目的探讨早期肝胆管结石肝切除的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析了1980—2002年20例早期肝胆管结石肝切除的治疗效果。结果早期肝胆管结石肝切除治疗占同期肝切除治疗的14.29%(20/140)。其中左外叶切除8例,左外叶上段切除2例,左外叶下段切除2例,左半肝切除2例,右后叶切除3例,右后叶下段切除2例,右前叶部分切除1例。附加胆总管切开12例,预防性行胆肠Roux-Y吻合术1例。术后并发症3例,其中胆总管残余结石1例,切口感染和肝断面积液各1例。无手术死亡。全部病例获得3～14年随访,优良率达95%。结论早期肝胆管结石的肝切除治疗效果甚佳。     

Hepatic grafts from live donors: donor morbidity for 470 cases of live donation

Living donor-morbidity was evaluated in 470 consecutive cases of living donor liver transplantation carried out from June 1990 to May 1999 at Kyoto University. Grafting was categorized into 4 groups according to the resection lines; left lateral segmentectomy (S2 + 3, n = 282, R1), extended left lateral segmentectomy without middle hepatic vein (MHV) (S2 + 3 + part4, n = 45, R2), left lobectomy with MHV (S2 + 3 + 4, n = 99, R3) and right lobectomy without MHV (S5 + 6 + 7 + 8, n = 43, R4). Intraoperative blood loss and operation duration were less for left lateral segmentectomy, but no significant difference was observed between left lobectomy and right lobectomy. The length of postoperative hospital stays was comparable among all groups except for the group with right lobe grafting. The AST values at the peak and at POD 7 were significantly elevated for right lobectomy, but the AST value normalized within one month in the majority of the cases. The close follow-up of donors with more than 1000 ml intraoperative bleeding, and of those donors who stayed in hospital for more than 30 days, the close follow-up, furthermore, of those donors with AST values higher than 100 IU/L AST after one month, revealed complete recovery. Biliary leakage was the most common and annoying complication after donor operations, especially in for right lobe grafting, but all donors recovered completely with conservative or minimal invasive therapy. The two cases of re-operation due to adhesive mechanical ileus we encountered were resolved completely. Finally, no donor-operation related death was noted. In conclusion, the morbidity of living donors is low or minimal even for right lobectomy, the most extended procedure, and complete recovery can be expected in all cases. Received: 24 November 1999/Accepted: 13 March 2000     

Successful treatment of Caroli''s disease by hepatic resection. Report of six patients.

Caroli's disease is a congenital disease of cystic or saccular dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. There are two disease entities: a simple type and a periportal fibrosis type. Frequent complications with the simple type are recurrent cholangitis, liver abscess, intraductal lithiasis, abdominal pain, and fever that often lead to fatal sepsis. Development of portal hypertension and esophageal varices is usually a final feature of the periportal fibrosis type. Malignancies are also possible complications with Caroli's disease. During the recent 13 years, the author had experiences with eight patients with Caroli's disease of the simple type; six of these eight underwent hepatic resection: right lobectomy in two, left lobectomy in three, and left lateral segmentectomy in one. Other two patients died of sepsis and cholangiocellular carcinoma, respectively. All six patients with hepatic resections were relieved from the disabling symptoms after surgery and have had no recurrent hepatobiliary problems for 3 months to 13 years. Hepatic resection may be indicated for more patients than previously assumed in the treatment of Caroli's disease of the simple type.     

规则性肝段(叶)切除治疗肝内胆管结石并狭窄

目的探讨规则性肝段(叶)切除治疗肝内胆管结石并狭窄的临床疗效。方法48例肝胆管结石并狭窄患者,行左外叶切除19例,左半肝切除2例,左外叶+右后叶(或单纯Ⅵ、Ⅶ段)切除7例,右半肝(或单纯Ⅵ、Ⅶ段)切除20例;均行胆总管探查、T管引流术;行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术13例。结果术后胆管残石5例(10.4%),切口感染3例(6.2%),胆漏2例(4.2%)。随访41例(85.4%),2例肝内胆管结石复发,1例右上腹隐痛,其余随访结果优良。结论根据患者结石及狭窄的具体情况采用以肝段切除为主的手术方式是治疗肝内胆管结石并狭窄的有效手段。     

结直肠癌肝转移的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨结直肠癌肝转移的诊断和治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析25 例结直肠癌肝转移的临床资料,其中原发盲升结肠癌9 例,横结肠癌3 例,降结肠癌2 例,乙状结肠癌8 例,直肠癌3 例.同时性肝转移癌9例,异时性肝转移癌16 例.肝左叶转移15 例,肝右叶转移4 例,左右叶转移6 例.单个转移15 例,多个转移10例.高分化腺癌13 例,中分化腺癌5 例,低分化腺癌6 例,未分化腺癌1 例.9 例同时性肝转移癌中施行肝左外叶切除7 例,其中加1 例门静脉插管埋泵化疗;右前叶切除2 例,1 例仅作门静脉和肝动脉双插管埋泵化疗.16例异时性肝转移癌中施行肝左外叶切除4 例,左半肝切除5 例,肝右前叶切除2 例,门静脉和肝动脉双插管埋泵化疗2 例,股动脉插管肝动脉介入治疗3 例.结果 全组均经3 年随访,同时性肝切除术8 例中5 例存活(62.5%),异时性肝切除术11 例中4 例存活(36.3%),仅作门静脉和肝动脉插管埋泵化疗或股动脉插管肝动脉介入化疗6 例中2 年内死亡5 例,3 年死亡1 例,3 年存活率仅16.6%.结论 同时性或异时性结直肠癌肝转移,只要全身情况和局部条件许可,均应首选手术切除治疗,以提高患者生存率.对不能切除的患者,可采用动、静脉插管埋泵或作股动脉插管肝动脉介入化疗,以延长患者生命.