三维血管能量成像在甲状腺疾病中的初步应用

目的：为探讨三维血管能量成像在甲状腺疾病诊断中的实用价值，本文对５６例患者的甲状腺做了血管三维成像检查。结果表明：２３例正常甲状腺动、静脉的血管三维成像中，以甲状腺上动、静脉和甲状腺下静脉最为理想；甲状腺下动脉和中静脉主要能显示近甲状腺侧的血管干支及其腺体内血管构成。１９例甲状腺弥漫性病变患者的甲状腺实质做血管三维重建能除外局灶性病变。甲状腺肿瘤的血管三维成像对了解瘤体内血流特点，鉴别肿瘤边缘部位的血流归属有重要帮助作用。结论：甲状腺血管三维图像能较清楚地显示腺体内部和主要附属枝血管的走行情况，立体反映甲状腺和血流分布特点；对甲状腺占位疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断有积极的帮助     

彩色多普勒和三维血管能量成像在甲状腺弥漫性病变中的应用

目的 探讨三维血管能量成像检查在甲状腺病变中的应用价值。方法 对５２例弥漫性甲状朱病变患者应用三维血管能量成像和彩色多普勒超声检查。结果 弥漫性甲状腺病变者甲状腺实质内部血管分布的ＣＤＦＩ及３Ｄ血管能量成像明显优于二维Ｂ超成像。结论 弥漫性甲状腺病变的彩色多普勒显像,特别是三维能量成像可立体地显示甲状腺周边及内部血流的分布特点及血管走行。有助于甲状腺疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

三维彩色能量图在甲状腺检查中的应用

目的 探讨三维彩色能量图(3D-CDE)在甲状腺检查的应用价值。方法 应用3D-CDE检查弥漫性及局限性甲状腺病变40例，并与20例正常甲状腺对照。结果 弥漫性和局限性甲状腺病变血管三维成像与正常甲状腺明显不同。结论 3D-CDE对于了解弥漫和局限性甲状腺病变时实质血管分布改变，肿瘤的血流灌注特点，肿瘤内外血流，鉴别肿瘤边缘部位的血流归属及肿瘤的定位定性诊断有重要作用。     

肝癌的彩色多普勒及三维血流能量成像与肝动脉血管造影对比研究

目的：探讨彩色多普勒及三维血流能量成像在肝癌中应用。方法： 用能量多普勒超声检查６５例肝癌,有４０例同时观察三维血流能量图, ２２例进行选择性肝动脉血管造影。结果： 彩色多普勒能量图使肝癌肿瘤血流显示明显高于彩色多普勒血流图。三维血流能量图可获较完整肝癌肿瘤血流立体血管网图像,且与选择性肝动脉血管造影的血管分布特征相似。结论：彩色多普勒及三维血流成像能直观较完整地表现肝癌肿瘤血流分布状态,灵敏度高,重复性好。值得临床推广应用。     

甲状腺恶性肿瘤的彩色多普勒及三维血流能量成像特征及其临床意义

目的：探讨彩色多普勒及三维能量成像对甲状腺恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法：采用ATL－HDI5000超声诊断仪，L12．5超宽频探头。对经病理证实的32例甲状腺恶性肿瘤进行二维，彩色多普勒及三维血流能量成像检查。结果：三维血流能量成像对甲状腺肿瘤血流的显示明显高于二维彩色血流（P＜0．005）。三维血流成像显示恶性肿瘤的血运分布以内部为主，且粗大杂乱。彩色多普勒显示32例病变均见动脉血流，其中RI≥0．65者28例，RI＜0．50者仅1例。结论：三维血流能量成像及彩色多普勒能更充分的表现肿瘤的血流分布状态及性质，有助于恶性肿瘤的超声诊断。     

彩色多普勒能量图及其三维彩色能量成像在肾脏肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的 :探讨彩色多普勒能量图及其三维彩色能量成像在肾脏肿瘤中的应用。方法 :用彩色多普勒能量图观察肾脏肿瘤 2 8例 ,之后对其中 2 1例肾癌进行三维彩色能量成像观察。结果 :彩色多普勒能量图显示 86 %肾癌内部血流丰富 ,其中 级血流占 6 2 % ,而肾良性肿瘤血流分级为 0～ 级。 86 %肾癌三维彩色能量成像显示出“珊瑚状”立体构架图 ,可获得较为直观、完整的立体血管网图像。结论 :彩色多普勒能量图及其三维彩色能量成像较直观、完整地显示肾脏肿瘤血流状态 ,灵敏度高、连续性好 ,为肾脏肿瘤的良、恶性判断上提供更多的信息量     

彩色多普勒血流成像与彩色多普勒能量图对布加综合征的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒血流成像与彩色多普勒能量图对布加综合征的诊断价值。方法 对47例布加氏综合征（BCS）进行彩色多普勒血流成像及彩色多普勒能量图检查，均经DSA造影及手术证实。结果 彩色多普勒血流成像显示肝静脉、下腔静脉异常的血流情况，频谱多普勒显示肝静脉、下腔静脉呈低速、平坦单向血流曲线，彩色多普勒能量图显示肝静脉、下腔静脉血流灌注情况，更理想地显示血流的空间分布。结论 彩色多普勒血流成像与彩色多普勒能量图两项彩色多普勒技术的结合，对布加综合征的诊断有重要价值。     

实质性脏器内血管结构的三维超声重建

本研究对１０例正常人的肝肾和５例肾移植患者的移植肾内血管结构进行了三维超声重建。所用方法包括彩色多普勒血流图和能量图，磁场空间定位自由扫查及透明成像技术。结果显示，彩色多普勒血流图或能量图可很好地显示脏器内各级血管分支内血流。磁场空间定位自由扫查使二维图像采集过程方便灵活，可对肝肾等体积较大且位置特殊的脏器实施一次性大范围扫查采样。透明成像方法可淡化实质性组织结构的灰阶信息，显示脏器内部的血管结构。动态显示更有利于观察脏器内血管结构与周围组织结构之间的空间位置关系。因此，将上述几种新技术有机结合，可对实质性脏器内血管结构进行三维重建，为疾病的诊断或治疗提供更加丰富的信息。     

甲状腺肿瘤彩色多普勒血流显像与微血管密度、血管内皮生长因子表达的研究

目的探讨甲状腺肿瘤的彩色多普勒血流成像特点及其血管病理学基础,评价CDFI鉴别甲状腺肿瘤的临床应用价值.方法对78例甲状腺肿瘤患者,术前应用彩色多普勒血流成像检测肿瘤的血管分类,术后分别应用抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGD）,抗F8多克隆抗体对组织进行免疫组织化学染色,记数肿瘤的微血管密度（microvessel density MVD）及VEGF染色强度.结果甲状腺癌MVD及VEGF表达强度均显著高于良性肿瘤（P〈0.05）.以CDFI Ⅲ型诊断甲状腺癌的敏感性为53.13%,特异性100%,CDFI与MVD间具有较好的一致性,K=0.3081（P〈0.01）.结论彩色多普勒血流成像可用于术前间接评价肿瘤的血管生成,为甲状腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断提供有价值的信息.     

肝癌的三维彩色血管能量成像与临床病理

目的探讨肝癌的三维彩色血管能量成像特征及其临床病理意义。方法采用ATL-HDI3000超声仪,C4-2超宽频探头,对58例肝癌进行三维彩色血管能量成像(3D-CPA)检查,并对其进行TNM分期,以评价3D-CPA在肝癌预后评估中的价值。其中30例进行3D-CPA检测与病理结果对比,病理观察指标包括癌瘤大小,肿瘤周边及内部血管形态、分布、排列、血管类型及肿瘤血管密度。结果肿瘤周边弧形包绕血流和瘤内树枝状血流为肝癌3D-CPA特异性表现。肿瘤周边血管较肿瘤内部血管丰富;肿瘤直径越大,血管越丰富;3D-CPA肿瘤血管分级与病理肿瘤血管密度相关(P>0.1),肝癌3D-CPA血管成像特征与病理检查结果相一致。TNM分期不同的肝癌1年生存率不同（P<0.05）。结论3D-CPA能反映肿瘤微血管水平的血流状况,在肝癌的血管显示、血管受累描述、TNM分期及病情判断、预后评价方面,3D-CPA能做出与临床病理学因素相关的影像学判断。     

Visualization of blood flow in hepatic vessels and hepatocellular carcinoma using B-flow sonography

PURPOSE: A B-flow sonographic technique was recently developed to provide direct visualization of blood flow with gray-scale sonography. Compared with color Doppler sonography, B-flow imaging has wideband resolution and a high frame rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of B-flow sonography for visualizing blood flow in hepatic vessels and tumor vascularity in patients with liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Twenty-five patients with liver cirrhosis, including 15 with HCC, were studied by B-flow and color Doppler sonography. Blood-flow detection rates in portal veins and hepatic arteries and tumor vascularity in HCC were analyzed, and the 2 methods were compared. RESULTS: Using B-flow, blood flow was visualized in the portal vein in 23 (92%) of 25 patients and was visualized in the hepatic artery separately from the portal vein in 9 (36%) of 25 patients. The blood-flow signals were visualized only within vessels, never "bleeding" outside the vessel's lumen. Blood flow in the portal vein was observed with color Doppler sonography in all 25 patients, but the hepatic artery was never clearly separated from the portal vein. Vascularity within the HCC tumor was detected in 9 (60%) of 15 nodules with B-flow imaging, and fine arteries flowing into the tumor were observed in 6 nodules. Color Doppler sonography detected blood flow in 13 (87%) of the 15 HCC nodules. CONCLUSIONS: Blood flow in hepatic vessels and tumor vessels of HCC were visualized with B-flow sonography. B-flow sonography is a potentially useful technique for the evaluation of liver vascularity and intratumoral vessels.     

Enhanced color flow imaging of breast cancer vasculature: continuous wave Doppler and three-dimensional display.

Two methods of potentially improving the detection and assessment of breast cancer vasculature by color flow Doppler ultrasonography were studied. Use of continuous wave (CW) Doppler imaging was one method evaluated by a comparison of system sensitivity to small vessel flow by continuous wave and pulsed Doppler methods. The second technique demonstrated color flow image acquisition and three-dimensional (3D) display. Six breast cancer patients were examined with both a color flow pulsed system and a CW Doppler system employing a hand-held transmitter-receiver pair with crossed-beam patterns. The CW unit consistently revealed more regions of tumor flow and multidirectional flow. Good 3D displays were achieved on larger pulsatile vessels, from images obtained during systole and selected for minimal noise.     

Color Doppler velocimetry and three-dimensional color power angiography of cervical carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the blood flow within invasive cervical carcinoma by transvaginal two-dimensional (2D) color spectral Doppler and three-dimensional (3D) color power angiography and to correlate these parameters with the clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with invasive cervical carcinoma were enrolled for the analysis. Squamous cell carcinoma serum antigen levels (SCC) were obtained for all the patients. Sections of all malignant tissues were analyzed for tumor expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). All patients underwent color and spectral Doppler examination and 44 patients had 3D color power angiography. Color spectral Doppler parameters (color score, lowest resistance index (RI), highest peak systolic velocity (PSV)) and 3D color power angiography indices (relative color, average color, flow measure) of FIGO I/II cervical cancers were compared with those obtained in a control group of 24 patients with a normal uterine cervix. Pulsed Doppler parameters and the 3D vascular indices were compared with clinicopathological parameters, SCC serum antigen levels and tumor COX-2 expression. RESULTS: At color Doppler analysis 72 patients (97%) showed intralesional detectable vessels. Color spectral Doppler and 3D-derived parameters were significantly different in FIGO I/II cervical cancers compared with those in women with a normal cervix. A significantly higher color score (P = 0.0008), lower RI (P = 0.032) and higher PSV (P = 0.004) were associated with a tumor diameter > or =4 cm compared with smaller tumors. The highest PSV was significantly higher in patients with FIGO stage III/IV compared with FIGO stage I/II (P = 0.0069). There was a direct correlation between PSV and SCC (r = +0.44, P = 0.003). The median relative color was significantly higher in patients with a higher color score (P = 0.0006). No statistically significant correlations were found between 3D color power angiography parameters and the clinicopathological characteristics or between the 3D vascular parameters and biological factors. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations of 3D ultrasound-derived vascular indices were found in patients with cervical cancer compared with those with a normal cervix. Moreover, some vascular indices proved to be associated with tumor size. The assessment of a possible clinical role of 2D and 3D ultrasound-derived vascular indices in cervical cancer deserves further investigation.     

经阴道三维彩色多普勒超声在子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的价值

目的 探讨经阴道三维彩色多普勒超声在子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的应用价值.方法 经阴道三维彩色多普勒超声检查子宫动脉栓塞术前患者47例,观察肌瘤位置、内部回声及血流.术后6个月观察肌瘤的体积变化,分析其与术前肌瘤位置、内部回声及血流的关系.结果 术后肌瘤体积的缩小程度与术前肌瘤位置、内部回声及血流有关.术前应用三维血管透明成像技术重建子宫肌瘤供血血管对子宫动脉栓塞术有一定指导作用.结论 经阴道三维彩色多普勒超声的图像清晰直观、空间关系明确、立体感强及测量瘤体体积准确,同时可以清晰显示肌瘤内外的立体血流分布情况,弥补二维超声的不足,能为子宫动脉栓塞术前提供有价值的信息.     

三维彩色多普勒超声对兔VX2肿瘤血管的形态学观察

目的评价三维彩色多普勒超声（3DCDU）成像技术对兔VX2肿瘤血管形态学观察的价值。 方法选用新西兰大白兔10只，用VX2瘤株种植于兔大腿股外侧浅肌层，2～3周后应用TomTec二维超声T作站采集肿瘤及其血管的三维超声数据．建立肿瘤的三维灰阶及彩色多普勒声像图，并与离体肿瘤血管铸型标本进行形态学对比观察。 结果10只模型兔16个肿瘤病灶获得了满意的三维彩色多普勒声像图，3D—CDU可以从不同角度和方位清晰地显示肿瘤血管的多少、分布、空间走向以及与周围血管之间的关系．与离体的肿瘤血管铸型标本在立体形态学上非常相似。 结论3D—CDU能够较为敏感、客观、真实地反映肿瘤血管的多少、空间分布和走向，为在体无创性评价肿瘤血管及其灌注提供了一条新的途径和方法。     

彩色多普勒能量图对糖尿病患者肾血流动力学的研究

目的：应用彩色多普勒能量图（ＣＤＥＩ）研究糖尿病患者肾血流动力学。方法：检测５０例正常人和１３９例糖尿病患者的肾脏。根据肾内血管显像水平,将ＣＤＥＩ分为四级。结果：随着糖尿病肾病发展的不同阶段ＣＤＥＩ显示不同的血流图像。病情越重,肾血管损伤显示越明显,肾血流灌注越少,肾阻力指数升高越显著。ＣＤＥＩ血流图像变化与肾血管病理改变密切相关。结论：ＣＤＥＩ在诊断糖尿病肾病的早期改变和评价肾血流动力学改变是有价值的。