脑结核瘤28例诊治分析

目的　为了提高对脑结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法　回顾性分析 2 8例脑结核瘤的临床表现、影像、诊断治疗经过和预后。结果　所有病例均确诊为脑结核瘤 ,其中 9例术前误诊为脑肿瘤。手术治疗 2 2例 ,术前、术后均正规抗结核药物治疗 ,并动态监测头部影像 ;预后良好 2 0例、遗留不同程度神经功能障碍 6例、死亡 2例。结论　脑结核瘤的诊断应结合临床表现、影像特点、实验室检查、抗结核疗效进行综合分析 ,对于可疑病例 ,可试行强化抗结核治疗后 ,采取手术或活检明确诊断。治疗上首先正规抗结核药物治疗 ,必要时手术     

不伴脑膜炎的脑结核瘤临床诊治分析(附1例报告及文献复习)

目的:为提高对脑结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析1例多发性脑结核瘤患者的临床特点、影像学表现及治疗效果。结果:该例患者脑内结核瘤呈粟粒样分布,累及大脑、小脑和脑干。抗结核治疗后病灶缩小、数目明显减少。结论:结核瘤的诊断应结合临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查及抗结核疗效进行综合判定。药物治疗需正规、长疗程。     

中枢神经系统结核瘤的手术治疗

目的分析中枢神经系统结核瘤的临床特点,探讨中枢神经系统结核瘤的诊断和手术治疗水平。方法回顾性分析11例中枢神经系统结核瘤的临床表现、影像学特点及手术疗效。结果11例结核瘤均通过手术全切除,病理检查证实为结核瘤,术前误诊为脑脓肿2例,脑胶质瘤1例。术后均予正规抗结核药物治疗。除1例死亡外,其余10例治愈出院。10例随访2年,遗有偏瘫3例,癫痫发作1例,其他病例可正常生活。结论中枢神经系统结核瘤临床上常缺乏特征性表现,对于诊断不明确的病例,应积极手术治疗。手术一般能完整切除瘤体,效果满意。     

多发性脑结核瘤的诊断及治疗(附4例报告)

目的探讨多发性脑结核瘤的临床特点及诊疗方案。方法回顾性分析4例多发性脑结核瘤患者的临床资料。结果多发性脑结核瘤多以头痛、呕吐等颅内高压症状为主要临床表现,可伴随发热及癫痫发作,常伴有颅外结核。4例患者均给予四联抗结核治疗,其中3例联合鞘内注射,临床疗效显著。结论多发性脑结核瘤的诊断需结合临床表现、影像学检查、脑脊液化验及抗结核疗效等综合分析,对临床疑似病例,应积极试验性正规抗结核治疗,必要时手术摘除病灶,联合鞘内注射异烟肼及地塞米松可能取得更好的疗效。     

脑结核瘤的诊断及治疗(附17例报告)

目的探讨脑结核瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗效果。方法回顾分析2001年1月至2011年6月17例脑结核瘤的临床表现、影像学表现、实验室检查及治疗。结果依据结核病史或身体其他部位结核病灶,颅内压增高、癫痫和/或伴有脑膜刺激征等临床表现,头颅CT或MR呈现"靶征"样表现者,结合脑脊液等检查,12得以明确诊断,5例术前误诊为其他病变术后病理证实为结核瘤。17例患者中手术切除病灶11例,其中6例术前得以明确诊断;另6例采用药物治疗,病灶多可在1～3个月内缩小,3～12个月内消失。所有患者行规律抗结核治疗,无死亡病例,随访3个月至1.5年未见复发。结论脑结核瘤的诊断应根据临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查和抗结核疗效进行综合分析。手术结合抗痨药物治疗效果良好。     

颅内结核瘤的诊断及外科治疗

目的探讨颅内结核瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗效果。方法回顾分析2001-01-2011-06我院收治的17例颅内结核瘤的临床表现、影像学表现、实验室检查及治疗。结果临床表现结合CT/MRI及实验室检查,17例患者中12例（70.6%）得以明确诊断,手术切除病灶11例,其中5例（29.4%）术前误诊为脑肿瘤或脑脓肿,所有患者均行规律抗结核治疗,无死亡病例,随访无复发。结论颅内结核瘤的诊断应根据临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查和抗结核疗效进行综合分析。手术结合抗痨药物治疗效果良好。     

西藏自治区脑结核瘤手术治疗分析（附16例报道并文献复习）

目的 总结西藏自治区脑结核瘤的诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析西藏自治区人民医院2013年9月至2021年9月手术治疗的16例脑结核瘤的临床资料。结果 15例为脑内单发病灶行开颅显微镜下手术切除病灶;1例多发病灶,手术切除小脑蚓部较大病灶以及左侧丘脑较小病灶。术后均给予标准抗结核治疗2个月,停用吡嗪酰胺,其它3联化疗3个月～1年。16例术后病理检查均诊断为脑结核瘤。1例小脑半球较大病灶术后并发严重肺部感染、电解质紊乱,最终死亡;其余15例术后随访1年,改良Rankin量表评分0分,未见复发。结论 西藏地区结核病高发,对颅内占位性病变,需重视与脑结核瘤鉴别。部分具有手术指征的脑结核瘤,积极手术治疗,联合术后规范抗结核治疗,疗效满意。     

颅内结核瘤的临床与MRI特点分析

目的为提高颅内结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平.方法10年来共收治32例颅内结核瘤患者,其中手术、立体定向活检术及尸检证实8例,抗结核治疗有效24例,全部病例均行头颅MRI扫描.结果32例脑结核瘤MRI显示单发25例,多发7例,共发现46个病灶,不同类型的结核瘤MRI表现各异,不同类型结核瘤对抗结核药物的反应不同.结论MRI可以明确诊断典型的脑结核瘤,并能帮助提高鉴别诊断水平.     

脑结核瘤的临床分析及文献回顾

目的 :分析脑结核瘤的临床特点 ,提高临床诊断准确率及治疗效果。方法 :结合文献对 1例多发性脑结核瘤患者的临床特点、影像学表现及治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果 :该例脑内结核瘤粟粒样分布 ,病灶多达 15个以上 ,同时累及大脑、小脑及脑干 ,抗结核治疗后病灶缩小 ,数目明显减少。结论 :脑结核瘤的诊断需结合临床特点、影像学表现及抗痨效果综合判定。药物治疗是有效的 ,但需长程、规则。     

垂体结核2例报告

为探讨垂体结核的诊断、临床治疗的方法和经验,回顾性地分析了2例垂体结核病人的临床表现和影像学特点,并复习鞍区结核的有关文献,认为增强MRI显示出垂体结核时垂体柄增粗及瘤周硬膜明显强化,这有助于与垂体腺瘤进行鉴别诊断.经蝶显微外科手术是垂体结核的首选治疗手段,术后应予以抗结核治疗.     

颅内结核瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 进一步提高对颅内结核瘤的诊断与治疗水平。方法 对7例颅内结核瘤的临床特点、CT和MRI的改变进行回顾性分析。结果 7例中5例全切,2例部分切除,术后给予正规抗结核治疗,全部治愈。结论 对于不能确诊的病例行手术切除或活检可明确诊断,对其治疗应制定正确的方案,避免延误治疗。     

颅内结核瘤的诊治及误诊分析

目的 探讨颅内结核瘤的诊治及误诊原因。方法回顾性分析24例颅内结核瘤患者的临床资料。结果24例中13例行显微外科手术,2例行立体定向活检术并经病理证实,术后均给予正规抗结核治疗;9例经抗结核保守治疗有效。11例术前未考虑结核瘤,误诊率为46％。结论 临床病史结合辅助检查多可确诊颅内结核瘤。手术治疗辅以术后正规抗结核治疗,预后良好。颅内结核瘤临床表现无特征性,影像学特征不典型,是常常导致误诊的主要原因。     

Cerebral tuberculomas

We report eight cases of brain tuberculoma. The clinical presentation was polymorphous: partial epilepsy (n=4), headache (n=3), hemiplegia (n=1), meningitis (n=1), cerebellar syndrome (n=1). Six patients also had pulmonary tuberculosis, one had tuberculosis of the genital organs, and one had HIV co-infection. The brain CT scan and MRI were highly contributive to diagnosis and follow-up. Despite good compliance with an anti-tuberculosis regimen for at least 14 months, the course was favorable in only six patients. Adjunction of corticosteroids led to radiological improvement. Assessment of cell immunity demonstrated a diminished immunomodulator ratio. Cerebral tuberculoma should be searched for in patients with unexplained neurological manifestations and several intracerebral lesions, particularly if pulmonary or visceral tuberculosis and/or immunodepression is part of the clinical picture.     

岩斜区肿瘤显微外科手术治疗43例体会

目的通过对43例岩斜区肿瘤显微外科治疗的分析，探讨岩斜区肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗方法，提高岩斜区肿瘤的全切率，减少并发症，改善手术效果。方法总结43例岩斜区肿瘤的临床表现、神经影像学特征及显微手术方法和术后处理。结果肿瘤全切除28例，次全切除9例，大部切除6例，死亡2例。全切率为65．1％，手术并发症率为51．2％。结论采用颅底手术人路和显微外科手术技术可以提高岩斜区肿瘤的全切除率，降低死亡率及并发症，大多数病人能达到治愈目的。     

Serial MRI findings of intracranial tuberculomas: a case report and review of the literature]

Intracranial tuberculoma is an infectious disorder, occurring with or without tuberculous meningitis. Although intracranial tuberculoma is rare in developed countries, its frequency has increased in recent years in association with aging and immunocompromised hosts. Because of the low sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures or of DNA detection from cerebrospinal fluid, diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma is often difficult. Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the tuberculoma yields variable results and is indistinct from other inflammatory lesions or brain tumors. We report the case of a 74-year-old woman with progressive neurologic deterioration. MR imaging of the brain showed multiple ring-like enhancing lesions in the supra- and infra-tentorial regions, mimicking multiple metastatic brain tumors. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the brain showed homogeneous high signals in each lesion. A cavity in the lung suggested systemic involvement of tuberculosis. Despite extensive examination, tuberculosis could not be detected. Nevertheless, anti-tuberculosis treatment was administered. The patient's neurologic condition initially deteriorated for 4 weeks, then gradually improved. MRI showed marked improvement of the lesions after anti-tuberculosis treatment. Whereas conventional MRI is not specific in such cases, DWI might be useful for early assessment of intracranial tuberculosis.     

颅内软骨瘤的临床特点

目的 提高对颅内软骨瘤临床特点及诊治方法的认识.方法 回顾性分析经病理学证实的30例颅内软骨瘤病人的临床资料、影像学特点及治疗方法.全部病人行手术治疗,5例病人术后行放射治疗.结果 颅内软骨瘤主要发生在颅底软骨的结合处,多见于中颅窝,临床表现为头痛及多组脑神经损害症状.影像表现多数伴有明显钙化,相邻骨质可受累.手术33例次,有3例病人复发后再次行手术治疗.肿瘤全切除11例次,近全切除13例次,大部及部分切除9例次.手术死亡1例.随访到26例病人,平均时间为45.8个月.恢复正常活动21例,复发3例,死亡2例.结论 颅内软骨瘤手术不易全切除,放疗效果不确定.临床和影像方面不易与黏液瘤及脊索瘤鉴别,病理仍是主要确诊手段.     

脑内结核瘤34例临床分析

目的提高对脑内结核瘤的诊断及治疗水平.方法总结近20年来收治的脑内结核瘤患者34例,其中保守治疗组23例,手术治疗组11例.结果保守治疗组除2例因治疗后复查病情无明显改变而转手术外,余21例均获痊愈,手术治疗组全部手术成功.结论随着头颅CT及MRI等广泛应用,结合脑内结核瘤的一般特点,多数脑内结核瘤患者治疗前可作出诊断,且多数患者可经保守治愈,手术治疗者应严格掌握手术指征.     

脑内结核瘤34例临床分析

目的提高对脑内结核瘤的诊断及治疗水平。方法总结近20年来收治的脑内结核瘤患者34例,其中保守治疗组23例,手术治疗组11例。结果保守治疗组除2例因治疗后复查病情无明显改变而转手术外,余21例均获痊愈,手术治疗组全部手术成功。结论随着头颅CT及MRI等广泛应用,结合脑内结核瘤的一般特点,多数脑内结核瘤患者治疗前可作出诊断,且多数患者可经保守治愈,手术治疗者应严格掌握手术指征。     

Proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for the diagnosis of intracranial tuberculomas. Report of two cases

With the current prevalence of tuberculosis, the incidence of intracranial tuberculoma may be on the rise in industrialized nations. However, clinical findings suggestive of systemic tuberculosis are frequently subtle or absent in patients with intracranial tuberculoma, and no specific neuroradiologic characteristics of tuberculoma have been defined as yet. We report two cases of ring-enhanced intracranial tuberculoma in which magnetic resonance (MR) proton spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging were useful in the differential diagnosis between tuberculoma and other ring-enhanced mass lesions. Pulmonary tuberculosis had been diagnosed in one patient, but radiologic lung study and tuberculin skin test were negative in the other. DW imaging showed bright signal intensity in the core of all lesions in both patients. Malignant gliomas and metastatic brain tumors do not have this characteristic. Proton MR spectroscopy of lesion cores showed lipid peaks and a choline peak in one, and a lipid/lactate mixture pattern in the other, which differed distinctively from those of the pyogenic brain abscess. in each case, one lesion was surgically removed. Antituberculosis drugs were started before surgery for one patient and after surgery for the other. In both, the remaining lesions were reduced significantly in size. We discuss the diagnostic potential of these MR techniques and management options of intracranial tuberculoma.