Study on gastric empty disorder after the gastric ulcer healing and therapeutic effect of cisapride

Nonspecific symptoms of ulcer, such as epigastric bloating, early satiety, nausea and anorexia, exist in some patients with gastric ulcer healing, the cause is still nuclear. Gastric emptying inthe patients with continual or recurrent dyspepsiasymptoms after gastric ulcer healing was evaluatedby using real--time ultrasonography. The patientswere treated by several doses of cisapride. Theaims of this study were to evaluate the gastricemptying disorders after gastric ulcer healing andthe therape…     

Radical resection of gastric carcinoma with pancreas and spleen preservation a nd functional cleaning of lymph nodes

Objective To study the clinical value of radical resection of gastric carcinoma with pancreas and spleen preservation (PSP) and functional cleaning of lymph nodes (LNs) of the spleen hillus and along the splenic artery. Methods Pancreas and spleen involvement was retrospectively reviewed among 439 cases of resectable carcinoma of the gastric cardia,gastric corpus and total stomach. During gastric surgery, 2 ml of methylene blue was injected into the subserosal space of the gastric cardia or corpus to observe the spread of lymphatic flow in 54 cases of gastric carcinoma. The metastatic rate of LNs in splenic hillus and along the trunk of the splenic artery (No10, No11), postoperative complications and survival rates were investigated in 63 gastric carcinoma patients that had received gastrectomy with pancreas and spleen preservation (PSP). These were compared with the pancreas preservation (PP) group and pancreas and spleen combined resection (PSR) group. Results Among these 439 cases, only 25 cases were observed with direct invasion to the pancreas (5. 7%), and 10 cases with direct invasion to the spleen (2. 3%). After pathological examination of the pancreatic body and tail, we found 22 cases with pancreas and spleen combined resection, 4 cases (18. 2%, 4/22) with direct invasion of the capsule and 2 with invasion to the superficial parenchyma (9. 1%, 2/22), without metastasis to the lymph nodes within the pancreas and spleen. The metastatic rate of No10,No11 lymph nodes were 17. 5% (11/63) and 19. 1% (12/63) in the PSP group, 20. 8% (45/216) and 25%(54/216) in the PP group, and 20% (6/30) and 23. 3% (7/30) in the PSR group. There were no statistically significant differences (P>0. 05). Injection of methylene blue into the subserosal space of the stomach did not diffuse into the spleen or pancreatic parenchyma. Postoperative complications, diabetes and mortality in PSP (0%,0%,0%) were lower than in PP (4. 2%, 0. 9%, 0. 9%) or PSR (40%,10%,3. 3%). The 5-year survival rate (5-YSR) and 10-YSR in PSP (57. 5%, 52. 0%) were higher than in PSR (37. 5%,30. 0%). Those patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲa treated by PSP, improved markedly. Conclusions The surgical procedure of pancreas and spleen preservation for gastric cancer is a safe and organ function protected method. Postoperative complications were lower and survival rates were higher , the radicality was not reduced. These results indicate that PSP is preferred in patients with gastric carcinoma of stage Ⅱ or Ⅲa.     

Thoraco-abdominal Aorta Revascularization through a Retroperitoneal Approach

Objective To investigate the application of the retroperitoneal approach in aortic surgery. Methods We collected and analyzed data of 7 patients in Macau who presented with aortic diseases from 2007 to 2008 and were treated with aorta repair through retroperitoneal approach. Demographic features as well as intraoperative and postoperative data were analyzed. One case of thoracoabdominal aneurysm and 4 cases of abdominal aneurysm received artificial graft, among which hybrid iliac artery reconstruction with Zenith stent covering the ostium of the left subclavian artery was performed in 2 cases of infrarenal abdominal aneurysm. Aortic-iliac artery bypass was performed in 2 cases of aortoiliac occlusion. Results No operative or early postoperative death was observed. No perioperative intestinal adhesion or ureteral obstruction was found. One case reported delayed paraplegia and graft infection as postoperative complications. The complications were partially removed 3 months later after rehabilitation. Conclusion Retroperitoneal approach is a safe and feasible technique, which associated with a low incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.     

Surgical strategies for glioma involving language areas

Background Successful treatment of gliomas in or adjacent to language areas constitutes a major challenge to neurosurgery. The present study was performed to evaluate the procedure of language mapping via intraoperative direct cortical electrical stimulation under awake anaesthesia when performed prior to resective glioma surgery. Methods Thirty patients with gliomas and left-hemisphere dominance and, who underwent language mapping via intraoperative direct cortical electrical stimulation under awake anaesthesia before resective glioma surgery, were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had tumors in or adjacent to cortical language areas. The brain lesions were removed according to anatomic-functional boundaries with preservation of areas of language function. Both preoperative and postoperative functional findings were evaluated. Results Intraoperative language areas were detected in 20 patients but not in four patients. Language mapping failure for reasons attributable to the anaesthesia or to an intraoperative increase in intracranial pressure occurred in six cases. Seven patients presented with moderate or severe language deficits after six months of follow-up. Total resection was achieved in 14 cases, near-total resection in 12 cases and subtotal resection in four cases. Conclusions Intraoperative cortical electrical stimulation is an accurate and safe approach to identification of the language cortex. Awake craniotomy intraoperative cortical electrical stimulation, in combination with presurgical neurological functional imaging to identify the anatomic-functional boundaries of tumor resection, permits extensive tumor excision while preserving normal language function and minimizing the risk of postoperative language deficits.     

Percutaneous Transluminal Embolization with CoilsTreatment of Pulmonary Arteniovenous Malformations

The clinical values of coils emboliztion in the treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) and related complications were investigated.eleven patients with PAVMs verified by pulmonary arterial angiography were treated by transcatheter coils embolization.Chest X-ray (11 cases),computer tomogaphy(7 cases) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (2 cases) were performed before embolization.Blood-gas analysis was done in 5 cases before and after embolization.the follow-up materials of 8 patients were collected to evaluate the effect of embolization with coils.The clinical manifestations included cerebral embolus,hemoptysis and decreased oxygenation in 9 patients and the remaining 2 has no symptoms.9/11 cases were found by chest X-ray and 8 were diagnosed definitely.7/7,2/2 cases were diagnosed by CT or MR and diagnosis was made in all cases.Embolization was performed in 29 vessels.Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood of 5 cases changed significantly before and after embolization.Slight complications occurred in 6 patients,such as low fever,chest pain,pleurisy.The follow-up results showed that 7 cases were cured effectively.No primary and secondary device migration,and no medical paradoxical embolization occurred.It was concluded that coils emboliztion is a well-established method for treating PAVMs.It is minimally invasive lung preserving treatment with hight efficiency and less complication.     

THE EFFECTS OF CHINESE DRUGS FOR SUPPORTING HEALTHY ENERGY AND REMOVING BLOOD STASIS ON POSTOPERATIVE METASTASIS OF GASTRIC CARCINOMA AND ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE

32 postoperative cases of gastric carcinoma were treated by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) drugs for supporting healthy energy and removing blood stasis, and their therapeutic results were compared with those in the control group treated by western medicine. After 6 months of treatment, in the TCM group, the rate of metastatic recurrence was significantly reduced, and the level of ornithine decarboxylase was also markedly lowered. Therefore, it is considered that the action of anti-metastatic recurrence of TCM drugs in postoperative cases of gastric carcinoma is probably related to the lowered activity of ornithine decarboxylase.     

Upper gastrointestinal burns by peroxyacetic acid in children- a review of seven cases

Objective： To study the clinical features of upper gastrointestinal burns by peroxyacetic acid （PA） in children and improve its treatment and outcome. Methods： The clinical materials of 7 cases with upper gastrointestinal burns by PA including clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes were reviewed. Results： There were six boys and one girl. The concentration of the swallowed PA was from 10% to 20% and the amount was 3-10 ml. The mainly bums were located in esophagus in one case, stomach in three cases, both esophagus and stomach in three cases. The gastrostomy and operation of dilating esophagus were performed in the cases with esophageal stricture. The pyloroplasty or gastroduodenostomy was performed in the cases with pyloric obstruction. All the cases were followed up for 12-18 months, dysfunction of esophagus or（and） cardia as well as stiffness and hypodynamia of the stomach was showed in most of the patients. Conclusion： The degree of upper gastrointestinal burns by PA varied according to different concentrations of PA which was swallowed. Correct emergent measures in the acute stage of the burns was very important, gastric tube should be inserted and go through esophagus and pylorus and must be retained for 5-8 weeks to prevent the stricture of esophagus and pylortts, otherwise the tube could act as a passage of nutriment. Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal bums by PA is very important because the treatment of the burns is difficulty and the outcomes are not always satisfactory.     

Nursing of adverse effects in patients treated with liver resection plus sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma： 5 cases report

There were very few reports of adverse effects in patients treated by liver resection in combination with sorafenib. We present 5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with liver resection plus sorafenib , trying to observing the adverse effects and seeking the nursing options to the adverse effects. The 5 patients were all males, and the mean age was (38.6±13.4) years. Tumor sizes were (6.7±2.2) cm, and liver function was Child-Pugh class A. Diagnosis of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was confirmed by postoperative pathology. During the follow-ups, all the 5 patients had different degrees of adverse effects, of which 5 patients had diarrhea, 3 had hand-foot skin reaction, 1 had hypertension and 1 had alopecie. Diarrhea seems common in these patients, and it appeared early after treatment. For those patients with adverse effects, management measures were given immediately, including nursing interventions and some medicines. Psychological and symptomatic nursing guidance can help patients overcome the adverse effects. No patients suffered dose reduction or treatment discontinuation.     

VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY FOR PATIENTS WITH MODERATELY ENLARGED UTERUS OF BENIGN LESIONS

Objective To evaluate the possibility of vaginal hysterectomy for patients with moderately enlarged uterus of benign lesions. Methods One hundred and seventeen women with benign uterine diseases underwent vaginal hysterectomy. These patients were divided into two groups according to uterine weight. Group Ⅰ contained 60 patients with uterine enlargement to a weight of 200 to 750 g, and group Ⅱ contained 57 patients with uterine weight of less than 200 g. Uterine morcellation was performed in some cases. The perioperative data in both groups were analyzed. Results In group Ⅰ, 59 cases underwent transvaginal hysterectomy successfully, except 1 case converted to abdominal operation and the uterine morcellation was performed in 21 women. In group Ⅱ, all patients successfully underwent transvaginal hysterectomy without any assistance of special technique. The mean uterine weight of group Ⅰ was significantly heavier than that of group Ⅱ (280.18± 100.40 g vs 146.48 ± 35.19 g). The mean operating time was significantly longer for group Ⅰ than that for group Ⅱ(83.93± 26.26 minutes vs 35.22±20.55 minutes). There were no significant differences in blood loss and complications between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ. There was no injury of urinary bladder or rectum, and no vaginal vault infection. Conclusions Vaginal hysterectomy of moderately enlarged uterus can be safely and effectively performed by experienced operators. In some cases, in order to reduce the uterine volume, uterine morcellation should be used to shorten operative time, reduce the bleeding, and lower the postoperative complications.     

Pelvis,acetabula——Surgical treatment of unstable pelvic ring fractures

Objective To study the clinical outcome of open reduction and internal fixation to unstable pelvic ring fractures. Methods Seventy-eight patients with unstable pelvic ring fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using reconstruction plates and combined with C-arm or CT guided percutaneous screw fixation or TSRH system fixation. There were 3 cases in type B2, 4 cases in type B2, 12 cases in type C1, 34 cases in type C2, 25 cases in type C3. Initial stabilization and treatment protocols were performed.     

胰十二指肠切除术的技术改进

目的 探讨改进胰十二指肠切除术,预防术后并发症,提高手术疗效的方法。方法 采用保留幽门、胰管空肠粘膜吻合＋胰肠遮盖套入式吻合、胰管支撑外流充分切除胰钩突的术式,并观察其疗效。结果 全组未发生胰瘘及胰断面出血。保留幽门胰十二批肠切除术（ＰＰＰＤ）者有１例术后发生胃潴留,其余胃排空正常。结论 ＰＰＰＤ只要操作得当,可避免术后胃潴留。胰肠遮盖套入式吻合操作简便,可防止术后胰瘘、胰断面出血等并发症。     

保留幽门十二指肠胰头切除术的临床疗效分析

目的：对比保留幽门胰十二指肠切除术（PPPD）与传统胰十二指肠切除术（PD）两种手术的术中和术后情况,分析保留幽门胰十二指肠切除术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析重庆市第三人民医院2010年1月至2013年12月,47例接受胰十二指肠切除术的壶腹周围癌和胰头癌患者的病历资料,根据手术方式的不同,分为PPPD组20例,PD组27例,比较两组患者的术中和术后情况。结果PPPD组患者手术时间明显低于PD组（P＜0．05）;PPPD组术后并发症发生率、术后感染率明显低于PD组（P＜0．05）,其中胰漏、胆漏、胃肠漏、术后出血与PD组比较差异无统计学意义;两组患者病死率、术后胃排空延迟发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论PPPD术式具有缩短手术时间、术后患者恢复快、并发症发生率低、住院时间短的优点,有助于迅速改善患者的营养状态,提高患者的术后生活质量,在治疗胰头癌及壶腹部周围癌具有广阔的应用前景。     

保留幽门胰十二指肠切除术与传统 Whipple术近期疗效观察

目的:分析保留幽门胰十二指肠切除术(PPPD)与Whipple手术在围手术期恢复情况。方法:将26例PPPD患者与同期22例Whipple患者术后恢复情况作对照比较。结果:PPPD组手术时间、术后住院天数减少,手术并发症略低,PPPD组病人放置胄管时间、胃排空延迟发生率大于Whipple组,但无统计学差异。结论:PPPD是一种安全的手术,术式本身并不影响胃排空延迟的发生及病人术后恢复。     

胰十二指肠切除发生胃排空障碍的诊断与外科治疗

目的:探讨胰十二指肠切除术后胃排空障碍的临床表现、发病机理及治疗方法.方法:对46例胰十二指肠切除术后胃排空障碍的患者进行回顾性分析.结果:胃排空障碍均发生于术后7天～13天,所有病人的在排除其他术后并发症、明确诊断后,均经保守治愈出院.结论:准确的诊断、积极有效的围手术期处理是胰十二指肠切除术后胃排空障碍治疗的重要保障.     

保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除胰胃吻合术(附5例报告)

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除保留幽门后消化道重建原位胰胃吻合、肠肠吻合、胆肠吻合的临床疗效。方法对5例壶腹周围肿瘤行胰十二指肠切除保留幽门后,采用原位吻合方式,即胰胃吻合、十二指肠—空肠吻合、肝总管—空肠吻合方式重建消化道。胰胃吻合于胃后壁直接切口,黏膜与胰管、胃浆基层与胰断端直接吻合。结果术后随访1个月~15个月,5例病人中,近期并发胃排空延迟(呕吐)1例(1/5),腹腔感染1例(1/5),无明显胰、胆瘘发生,无上消化道出血病例。远期无胰功能不足及胃肠溃疡等并发症发生。结论保留幽门原位消化道重建、胰胃吻合创伤小,术后恢复快,更符合生理机制,胆胰瘘发生率低,是胰十二指肠切除后消化道重建的优良术式。     

胰十二指肠切除术后功能性胃排空障碍的危险因素分析

目的研究影响胰十二指肠切除术后功能性胃排空障碍(FDGE)的危险因素及发生机理。方法采用病例对照研究,回顾性分析我院1994年～2006年间72例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的血液生化指标。结果72例中并发FDGE27例,发生率为37.5%。FDGE组患者与未发生FDGE组患者相比,血直接胆红素显著升高(P<0.05),白蛋白及总蛋白显著下降(P<0.01)。结论术前积极纠正低蛋白血症、高胆红素血症对预防FDGE的发生可能有积极意义。     

Drug overdose--reducing the load.

OBJECTIVE: To review available information about various methods for reducing gastrointestinal absorption of a poison or drug. DATA SOURCES: Articles on overdose and accidental poisoning generated by the Australian Medlars Service and concentrating on the period between 1985 and 1990 were surveyed. Earlier studies were included if relevant. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: English language articles with an emphasis on studies using objective methods to measure individual and comparative efficacy of gastrointestinal decontamination techniques were selected. A total of 65 articles were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Gastric emptying procedures (gastric lavage or emesis caused by syrup of ipecac) are only effective if performed within one hour of drug ingestion. Gastric lavage is superior to syrup of ipecac. Oral administration of activated charcoal is more effective than either gastric emptying procedure, and is recommended for most cases of poisoning. Cathartics (sorbitol) can be used with activated charcoal. Whole bowel lavage with polyethylene glycol is indicated in selected cases of potentially lethal overdose where the toxic substance cannot be absorbed by charcoal and has passed the pylorus. CONCLUSIONS: Children--syrup of ipecac can be given at home to children older than 12 months. Most children who reach hospital can be treated by charcoal alone. ADULTS--Most patients are managed with supportive care and, in the absence of contraindications, a single dose of activated charcoal if seen within four hours of ingestion of the poison or drug. Gastric lavage is used if the patient presents within one hour of ingestion and has clinical features of toxicity.     

食管癌与贲门癌术后胃排空障碍15例临床分析

目的：探讨食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因、诊断及防治。方法：回顾性分析15例食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因，区分功能性及机械性胃排空障碍的诊断，提出防治措施。结果：15例患者中11例功能性胃排空障碍，经保守治疗治愈。4例机械性胃排空障碍经手术治愈。常规行幽门成形术者，无胃排空障碍发生。结论：食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的发生与手术方式、术中操作及迷走神经干的切断等因素有关。应规范手术操作，常规行幽门成形术及辅以胃肠动力药物等进行治疗。     

高选迷切加保留胃窦部浆肌层半胃切除对胃运动功能的影响

目的 利用实验餐和放射性同位素显伉选迷切加保留胃窦部浆肌层的半胃切除术后胃运动功能。方法 将＾９９ｍＴＣ－植酸钠６ＭＢｑ加入黑芝麻糊８０ｇ,受试者３ｍｉｎ内服下,然后行放射性核素显像,得出胃排空曲线。计算１５、３０、４５、６０和９０ｍｉｎ胃排空率。结果 高选迷切加谓窦部浆肌层的半胃切除组与正常组比较无差异,而高选迷切组胃排空明显减缓。结论 高选迷切加保留胃窦部浆肌层的半胃切除术后胃运动功能不受影响     

肠内营养治疗腹部手术后胃排空障碍

目的探讨肠内营养在胃排空障碍治疗中的作用。方法 43例腹部手术后胃排空障碍患者中,有13例应用肠外营养（PN组）,30例利用鼻肠管或空肠造瘘管灌注瑞素施行肠内营养（EN组）。比较两组术后住院时间、胃肠减压量、胃排空障碍恢复时间及术后体质量减轻数,评估肠内营养的疗效。结果经治疗后与肠外营养组比较,肠内营养组术后住院时间平均减少（7.9±2）d,胃排空障碍恢复时间平均缩短（4±1）d,胃肠减压量较PN组明显减少,体重减少较PN组少（3.1±0.1）kg。结论肠内营养能促进胃肠道功能恢复,有利于机体营养状况改善,是治疗腹部手术后胃瘫的有效手段。