反流性食管炎和非糜烂性反流病患者症状谱、生活质量和精神心理状态调查

背景：胃食管反流病（GERD）包括非糜烂性反流病（NERD）、反流性食管炎（RE）和Barrett食管（BE），其发病机制可能有所不同。目的：分析比较NERD和RE患者的人口学特征和临床特点，为探讨其发病机制和有效治疗提供依据。方法：对连续入组的278例GERD患者进行问卷调查，内容包括一般人口学资料、胃食管反流以及相关症状评分、食管外症状、重叠症状、生活质量评价和精神心理状态评价。结果：NERD和RE分别占GERD的60．8％和37．1％；与RE组相比，NERD患者以女性多见（P〈0．05），平均年龄较轻（R〈0．05）。胃食管反流症状评分在两组患者间无显著差异，但RE组烧心频率较NERD组高（P〈0．05），而NERD组胸骨后疼痛更突出，反食症状较轻。两组患者的食管外症状、重叠症状发生率无显著差异。NERD组患者生活质量下降更明显。NERD组患者合并精神心理异常的比例显著高于RE组（P〈0．05），且抑郁评分高。结论：本组资料中大部分GERD患者为NERD，NERD和RE的反流以及相关症状谱无显著差异。但NERD患者常合并精神心理异常、生活质量下降，提示精神心理因素在NERD的发病中可能起重要作用。     

健康志愿者和胃食管反流病患者食管动力的性别差异

背景：食管动力受多种因素影响，性别因素对食管动力的影响尚不清楚。目的：探讨健康志愿者、非糜烂性反流病（NERD）和反流性食管炎（RE）患者食管动力的性别差异。方法：83例健康志愿者以及具有典型胃食管反流症状的NERD患者196例和RE患者104例纳入本研究。受试者行食管测压，测定下食管括约肌压力（LESP）和食管体部运动功能（包括食管体部各段蠕动收缩波幅、蠕动波传导速度和湿咽成功率）。结果：RE组男性患者比例显著高于NERD组（69．2％对43．4％，P〈0．05）。健康对照组和NERD组男性基础LESP较女性显著降低（P〈0．05），男性健康志愿者食管体部近端蠕动收缩波幅显著低于女性（P〈0．05），男性RE患者湿咽成功率显著低于女性患者（P〈0．05）。男性NERD患者LESP降低发生率显著高于女性患者（45．9％对29．7％，P〈0．05），男性RE患者食管体部运动功能障碍发生率显著高于女性患者（68．1％对46．9％，P〈0．05）。结论：无论是胃食管反流病（GERD）患者还是健康志愿者，男性的食管动力均较女性差，男性性别是GERD发病的危险因素之一。     

胃食管阀瓣在胃食管反流病中的分布及其与症状的相关性

背景：近年我国胃食管反流病（GERD）的发生率不断升高,胃食管阎瓣（GEFV）分级对评估GERD有重要作用。目的：探讨GEFV在GERD中的分布特征及其与患者症状的关系。方法：选取2010年1～12月聊城市人民医院行胃镜检查发现的343例糜烂性食管炎（EE）、483例非糜烂性反流病（NERD）和99例Barrett食管（BE）患者,记录GEFV的Hill分级,采用GERD症状评定量表（GSAS）记录症状频率、严重度评分。比较GERD各型中GEFV的分布及其与症状频率、严重度评分的关系。结果：异常GEV多见于男性、高龄、超重和食管裂孔疝患者。随着EE的Los Angeles分级增加,异常GEV的发生率增加（P=0.002）;GEFV分级在EE、NERD和BE组间的分布无明显差异（P=0.612）：与正常GEFV组相比,异常GEFV组GERD的症状频率评分明显增高（P〈0.05）,而症状严重度评分无明显差异（P〉0.05）。多重线性回归分析显示症状频率评分与年龄、GEFV分级和GERD类型相关（P〈0.05）,症状严重度评分与年龄、GERD类型相关（P〈0.05）。结论：GEFV分级在GERD各亚型中的分布无明显差异,而与GERD症状频率相关。     

病证结合确立胃食管反流病中医辨证分型标准的思考

胃内容物（包括十二指肠液）反流入食管产生症状或并发症时，称为胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease，GERD）。酸（碱）反流导致的食管黏膜破损称为反流性食管炎（reflux esophagitis，RE）。GERD广义地包括了食管黏膜破损或无破损，因此，可分为内镜阳性GERD和内镜阴性GERD即非糜烂性反流病（Non-erosive reflux disease，NERD）。     

不同亚型胃食管反流病临床特点的调查研究

目的 探讨非糜烂性反流病（NERD）和糜烂性食管炎（RE）的人口、症状谱、患者生活质量和精神心理状态特点。方法连续入组具有反酸、反胃、烧心或非心源性胸痛病程超过6个月的胃食管反流病（GERD）患者。除外有消化性溃疡、系统性疾病、继发性食管炎或有胃肠手术史者。所有入组患者均需要完成症状问卷调查（包括反流症状、食管外症状及重叠症状）、GERD生活质量（GERD—HRQL）调查（0～50分，高分代表生活质量差）、SF-36（包括生理功能、生理职能、心理职能、活力、精神健康、社会功能、疼痛和总体健康8个维度，每个维度0～100分，高分代表生活质量高）、精神心理状态（Zung氏焦虑抑郁白评量表，超过50分为异常）。所有人组患者均行胃镜检查，根据内镜检查结果分为NERD和RE。结果共纳入158例患者，平均年龄为（52．96±15．73）岁，其中NERD94例，RE64例，男性占42．4％。（1）婚姻状态、教育、职业、饮食习惯和体重指数，两组间差异无统计学意义。（2）反流症状积分两组差异无统计学意义；但与RE组比较，NERD组同时具有食管外症状和重叠症状的比率明显升高（分别为77．7％vs56．3％和77．7％vs59．4％，P〈0．05）。（3）NERD患者存在精神心理异常的比率高于RE患者（68．1％vs45．3％，P〈0．05）。（4）RE患者生活质量优于NERD，RE患者GERD—HRQL为（13．53±6．68），NERD患者为（18．17±6．65）；跟RE患者相比，NERD患者SF-36问卷8个维度中的5个差异无统计学意义。结论NERD和RE具有不同的临床特征。NERD食管外症状、重叠症状、精神心理异常、生活质量下降的发生率较RE高，提示NERD和RE可能具有不同的发病机制，NERD的发生可能与脑-肠相互作用有部分关系。     

反流性食管炎和非糜烂性反流病患者酸暴露与食管压力监测结果分析

目的通过对胃食管反流病（GERD）患者的酸暴露情况、食管下括约肌（LES）压力、食管体部压力、幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染结果的比较，探讨反流性食管炎（RE）、非糜烂性反流病（NERD）的不同状况，为临床治疗提供科学依据。方法2001年10月至2005年7月，具有反流症状（烧心、反酸）的患者80例，胃镜检出RE31例，NERD45例，Barrett食管（BE）4例。行食管24hpH动态监测，并以De—Meester积分均值将GERD分为轻、中、重度，检测LES、食管体部即LES上方5cm、7cm、13cm（简记为L5、L7、L12）和食管上括约肌（UES）下方1cm、6cm、8cm（简记为U1、U6、U8）压力指标，并进行Hp感染的检查。结果RE、NERD两组患者食管24hpH酸暴露各指标的差异，无统计学意义（P〉0．05），De-Meester积分均值亦无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；轻、中、重度GERD患者食管24hpH监测指标具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。RE、NERD两组患者LES压力、食管体部的L5、L7、L12、U6和u8压力监测指标无统计学意义（P〉0．05），只有RE组U1压力低于NERD组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；轻、中、重度GERD患者LES压力和食管体部的压力监测指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。RE和NERD组患者Hp感染率分别为16．1％和22．2％，其差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），OR为1．309，95％C10．364～4．705。结论RE和NERD患者酸暴露、LES压力和食管体部压力等相应指标无明显差异；NERD在发病机制中，酸反流的强弱没有起到决定性作用。     

胃食管反流病并功能性消化不良患者临床反流症状及生活质量的特点

[目的]探讨反流性食管炎（RE）和非糜烂性胃食管反流病（NERD）合并功能性消化不良（FD）患者反流症状及生活质量特点。[方法]该研究为多中心临床研究,在济南市的三家医院同期入选RE并FD 35例,NERD并FD73例。均符合内镜下RE的诊断标准,无RE者则为24 h食管pH监测阳性的NERD。进行反流症状及生活质量问卷调查并记录积分,然后对上述资料进行统计比较分析。[结果]①胃食管反流病（GERD）和FD病因尚不清楚,但症状可互相重叠。②NERD并FD临床反流症状积分（13.8±2.2）分,患者尽管没有可见的食管糜烂,但比RE并FD[（10.5±1.9）分]患者重（P〈0.01）,NERD并FD与RE并FD比较,在活力、躯体疼痛和总体健康3个维度上前者低于后者（P〈0.01）,余维度无统计学意义。[结论]①GERD和FD病因可能具有共同的神经胃肠病学基础。②NERD并FD患者反流症状严重,可能与NERD患者食管内脏高敏感性有关,对生活质量影响更大。     

胃食管反流病患者雷贝拉唑52周维持治疗的多中心随访研究

背景：糜烂性食管炎（EE）和非糜烂性反流病（NERD）是胃食管反流病（GERD）两种常见的亚型,EE与NERD的关系仍存在争议。目的：探讨GERD患者雷贝拉唑52周维持治疗后2～3年随访时的反流症状、用药情况和内镜下表现变化。方法：2002年12月-2004年12月对67例EE患者和31例NERD患者行8周雷贝拉唑强化治疗和52周雷贝拉唑维持治疗,并于2～3年后随访上述患者。采用问卷调查了解患者的反流症状、用药情况,并复查内镜。结果：共随访到42例EE患者和21例NERD患者。EE患者和NERD患者所用的抑酸药类型和用药方式无明显差异。不同用药方式间患者的最严重反流症状总积分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但最近2周反流症状总积分无明显差异。与治疗前比较,EE和NERD组反流症状积分均显著改善（P〈0．01）。EE组中23例（55．0％）患者食管糜烂复发,6例（31．5％）NERD患者转变为EE;GERD患者黏膜糜烂发生率与用药方式无关。结论：52周雷贝拉唑维持治疗后2。3年随访时,GERD的反流症状仍得到控制。但质子泵抑制剂维持治疗不能预防EE复发。EE和NERD两种亚型之间可互相转化。     

非糜烂性反流病与反流性食管炎症状及食管酸暴露情况

目的比较非糜烂性反流病（NERD）与反流性食管炎（RE）的临床症状及食管酸暴露情况。方法具有反流症状的患者155例,进行胃镜检查和食管24hpH动态监测。结果155例患者中诊断RE76例（49．0％）,其中A、B、C、D级分别为40、24、8和4例;诊断NERD79例（51．0％）;RE组中pH监测阳性57例（75．0％）,NERD组26例（32．9％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;NERD组食管外症状发生率较RE组高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而典型的反流症状发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;RE组各项酸反流指标均大于NERD组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;轻度RE（LA-A）组各项酸反流指标低于中度RE（LA—B）和重度RE（LA—C＋D）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但中度RE（LA—B）与重度RE（LA—C＋D）之间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;79例NERD中,依据监测当日症状计算SI值,pH阴性sI阳性（NERDpH^-SI^＋）15例,pH阴性sI阴性（NERDpH^-SI^-）28例,NERDpH^-SI^＋组的pH〈4．0（％）和酸反流次数明显高于NERDpH^-SI^-组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论胃酸反流是RE形成的重要因素,其中胃酸的浓度及长反流与食管黏膜接触的次数是直接造成食管黏膜损伤的重要因素;酸反流的程度与RE的严重程度之间可能相关;NERD根据酸反流与症状的关系可分为不同的亚型,病理性酸反流所占比例相对较低,酸反流的强弱在其发病机制中可能未起到决定性作用。     

胃食管反流病患者酸反流与食管运动功能障碍的关系

背景：异常酸反流和食管运动功能障碍与胃食管反流病（GERD）密切相关。目的：研究GERD患者的食管运动和酸反流与食管黏膜损害的关系，以及两者之间的相关性。方法：选取有反酸、烧心、胸痛等典型胃食管反流症状的患者72例行上消化道内镜检查、食管测压和24hpH监测。根据pH〈4总时间百分比〈4．5％且DeMeester计分〈14．7的标准。将食管炎患者分为生理性酸反流组（pH^-组）和病理性酸反流组（pH^＋组）。结果：内镜下食管炎组24hpH监测各项指标较无食管炎组显著增高（P〈0．05），病理性酸反流的发生率显著高于无食管炎组（P〈0．01）。两组食管测压各项指标无显著差异，食管炎组pH^＋者的食管下括约肌压力（LESP）较pH^-者显著降低，食管体部蠕动波传导速度减慢，湿咽成功率减少（P〈0．05）。结论：GERD患者食管炎的发生与酸反流密切相关，有病理性酸反流的GERD患者易见食管运动功能障碍。     

Role of duodenogastroesophageal reflux in the pathogenesis of esophageal mucosal injury and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) usually suffer from acid reflux and duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DGER) simultaneously. The question of whether DGER has an important effect on the development of GERD remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of DGER in the pathogenesis of GERD and its value for the diagnosis of nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). METHODS: GERD was initially diagnosed using the reflux disease questionnaire. For further diagnosis, results of the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (excluding a diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus) were considered in conjunction with simultaneous 24 h esophageal pH and bilirubin monitoring. RESULTS: According to endoscopic findings, 95 patients (43 men, 50+/-10 years of age) were divided into two groups: the reflux esophagitis (RE) group (n=51) and the NERD group (n=44). Three DGER parameters, the percentage of time with absorbance greater than 0.14, the total number of reflux episodes and the number of bile reflux episodes lasting longer than 5 min, were evaluated in the study. For the RE group, the values of the DGER parameters (19.05%+/-23.44%, 30.56+/-34.04 and 5.90+/-6.37, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the NERD group (7.26%+/-11.08%, 15.68+/-20.92 and 2.59+/-3.57, respectively, P<0.05 for all) but no significant difference was found in acid reflux. Of NERD patients, 18.5% were diagnosed with simple DGER. The positive diagnosis rate of NERD could be significantly elevated from 65.9% to 84.1% (P<0.05), if bilirubin monitoring was employed in diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: DGER may occur independently but plays an important role in the development of RE and GERD symptoms. Simultaneous 24 h esophageal pH and bilirubin monitoring is superior to simple pH monitoring in helping identify patients at risk for NERD.     

焦虑、抑郁及睡眠障碍与胃食管反流病的相关研究

ObjectiveTo analyze the mental abnormalities in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and to explore the correlation between GERD and mental disorders. MethodsA total of 40 patients who diagnosed in our hospital from December 2017 to June 2018 were selected, then further divided into non erosive reflux disease (NERD) group and refluxive esophagitis (RE) group according to clinical manifestations, GERD questionnaire score and gastrointestinal endoscopy. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were used in two groups. ResultsAccording to the analysis result of HAMA in the two groups, the anxiety scale of NERD group was significantly higher than that of RE group (P＜0.05);HAMD analysis shows that depression scale in NERD group was significantly higher that RE group (P＜0.05); PSQI analysis shows that sleep disorder scale in NERD group was significantly higher that RE group (P＜0.05); the correlation analysis of GerdQ score showed that anxiety, depression and sleep disorder were positively correlated with the severity of symptoms (P＜0.05). ConclusionThe depression, anxiety and sleep disorder in NERD patients is higher than that in RE group. The scale of anxiety, depression and sleep disorder is helpful to the psychological intervention and the choice of rational drug treatment in GERD patients with mental disorders.     

Correlation of Narrow Band Imaging Endoscopy and Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Nonerosive Reflux Disease

Background /Aim:

Narrow band imaging (NBI) is a novel, innovative high-resolution endoscopic technique, which utilizes spectral narrow band filter for the visualization of mucosal patterns and microvasculature. Nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) is a type of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and it is characterized by reflux symptoms without mucosal breaks on white light endoscopy (WLE). Biopsies from distal esophagus of GERD patients show group of histologic features such as basal cell hyperplasia, elongation of lamina propria papillae, and inflammatory cells. The present study was undertaken to evaluate diagnostic utility of NBI endoscopy and biopsy study in NERD patients and also to correlate NBI endoscopy findings with histologic features of GERD.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 71 cases of NERD having symptom score more than 10 and those not having erosion on WLE were recruited prospectively and underwent NBI endoscopic examination. Two mucosal biopsies were taken at 3 cm above the squamocolumnar junction.

Results:

Histologic features of GERD were seen in 50 (70.4%) out of 71 cases. No significant correlation between NBI endoscopic findings with histologic features of GERD was found.

Conclusion:

The present study showed that histopathologic evaluation of distal esophageal mucosa has promising diagnostic value over NBI endoscopy in NERD patients. Use of newly introduced NBI technique requires tremendous familiarity for the detection of the cases of NERD, which show histologic features of GERD.     

不同亚型胃食管反流病食管黏膜下层炎症因子变化特点研究

目的分析3种亚型胃食管反流病患者与对照组食管黏膜的组织变化和局部IL-4、IL- 6表达,探讨Th2型炎症因子在胃食管反流病发生发展中的作用。 方法选取2016年12月至2017年12月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院69例患者临床资料,根据Gerd Q评分和内镜结果将所有入选研究者分为Barrett食管（BE）、糜烂性食管炎（EE）、非糜烂性反流病（NERD）和对照4组,利用食管24 h pH监测法评价胃食管反流病（GERD）患者食管酸暴露及反流特点;通过食管组织HE染色进行组织病理学评分,使用免疫组化法和酶联免疫吸附剂测定法检测食管局部及血清中IL-4、IL-6表达情况。 结果食管24 h pH监测结果中,3亚组间DeMeester指数、弱酸反流次数、反流总事件数比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,NERD组酸反流次数较其余2组低,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;4组样本食管黏膜组织病理学评分中发现,BE组、EE组与其余2组相比均明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,BE组与EE组评分之间亦有显著差异（P<0.05）,NERD组与对照组间差异不明显;IL-4在4组食管标本中均有不同程度表达,但4组间IL-4阳性率的比较并无显著差异（P均>0.05）;IL-6在NERD组和对照组表达量较低甚至不表达,EE组IL-6阳性率明显高于对照组（P<0.05 ）,但与NERD组间无显著差异,BE组阳性率与对照组和NERD组之间均有明显差异（P均<0.05 ）。 结论GERD食管黏膜上皮组织学炎症等级随食管炎的恶化而升高,其中NERD的食管组织学已出现炎性化趋势,但尚不足以与正常食管区别;IL-4在不同亚型GERD食管黏膜组织中的表达差异不及IL-6显著。     

Diagnostic value of dilated intercellular space and histopathologic scores in gastroesophageal reflux disease

The aim of this paper is to investigate the diagnostic value of histopathologic score and the dilated intercellular space (DIS) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional heartburn (FH). Participants with GERD symptoms including reflux esophagitis, non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD), Barrett's esophagus (BE), functional heartburn (FH), along with a control group with atypical GERD‐like symptom (Sym‐C), and asymptomatic healthy volunteers (H‐C) were administered GERD questionnaire, and subjected to endoscopy and biopsies, as well as 24‐hour pH‐impedance monitoring. Biopsies were evaluated using standards from the 2011 Esohisto Project after Hematoxylin‐Eosin staining. DIS was measured quantitatively under light microscopy. Among the total of 565 participants with qualified biopsy specimens, the mean DIS of the reflux esophagitis (RE) group was significantly wider compared with the other five groups. DIS in patients with GERD‐like symptoms was significantly wider compared with the H‐C. No significant differences were observed between NERD and FH. Results from 24‐hour pH‐impedance monitoring indicated that only the DIS of patients with acid reflux or the amount of acid reflux episodes in patients with DIS was significantly wider compared with patients with nonacid reflux or patients without DIS (P < 0.001). With DIS = 0.9 μm as the cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity were 62.6% and 54.1%, respectively. Using the total histopathologic score > 3 as the diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity and specificity were 71.7% and 47.4%. DIS is closely associated with GERD and acid reflux. The diagnostic value of histological scores in lower esophagus in GERD is very similar to that of the quantitative measurement of DIS.     

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目的探讨非糜烂性胃食管反流病不同于反流性食管炎的发病机制。方法选择1996～2004年北京大学人民医院因反酸、胃灼热感等反流症状确诊为胃食管反流病患者57例,按照内镜下食管黏膜有无破损分为非糜烂性胃食管反流病组和反流性食管炎组,比较两组的一般情况、反流症状、是否合并H.pylori(Hp)感染,以及食管动力测定和食管胃24hpH监测结果。结果两组患者年龄、性别、烟酒嗜好等一般情况及合并Hp感染情况比较差异无显著性。非糜烂性胃食管反流病组不典型反流症状(胸骨后痛)的发生率明显高于反流性食管炎组。两组患者都存在病理性酸反流,但两组患者之间酸和(或)碱反流比较无差异。非糜烂性胃食管反流病患者的食管体部各段蠕动波峰值明显高于反流性食管炎患者。非糜烂性胃食管反流病患者卧位胃酸分泌高于反流性食管炎患者。结论非糜烂性胃食管反流病的不典型反流症状发生率更高。在两组发病机制异同上,反流的强弱并非主要因素,重要的是食管防御机制的差别。     

A critical assessment of the current status of non-erosive reflux disease

Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) has assumed increasing prominence in studies of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but it remains a challenge to define NERD precisely and to define its place in the investigation and treatment of GERD. Most simply, NERD may be defined as GERD in an individual who has no evidence of erosions at endoscopy. Unfortunately, the characteristic symptoms of GERD--heartburn and regurgitation--are insufficient to identify all GERD patients and, hence, the diagnosis of NERD is hampered by the lack of clear criteria for the symptomatic diagnosis of GERD. The diagnosis of NERD is hampered further by limited interobserver agreement on the endoscopic diagnosis of erosive esophagitis and by the fact that endoscopy is often performed soon after patients have discontinued therapy. Improvements in endoscopic technology will increase the likelihood of identifying small erosions or other reflux-related lesions; however, this will increase the proportion of patients considered to have erosive esophagitis without defining precisely what constitutes NERD. It is important to recognize that NERD is but one manifestation of GERD and that it, like other manifestations of GERD, is associated with a marked diminution in patients' quality of life. However, this recognition apart, there seems to be little practical benefit or understanding to be gained in clinical practice or clinical research from considering NERD as a distinct entity or from studying NERD patients in isolation. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of GERD and its symptoms may be better served by categorizing GERD with respect to the spectrum of its histologic, functional, endoscopic and symptomatic manifestations rather than by studying NERD, a manifestation that is characterized solely by the absence of esophageal erosions.     

十二指肠胃食管反流在胃食管反流病中的作用

目的　研究十二指肠胃食管反流 (DGER)在胃食管反流病发病机制中的作用及其对非糜烂性反流病 (NERD)的诊断价值。方法　 95例患者根据内镜检查的结果分为反流性食管炎和NERD组 ,对其均进行 2 4h食管 pH和胆汁联合监测。 结果　反流性食管炎患者DGER的各项指标 :吸光度值 >0 14时间百分比 (% )、总反流次数和反流 >5min的次数分别为 19 0 5± 2 3 4 4、30 5 6±34 0 4和 5 90± 6 37,均显著高于NERD组相应的 7 2 6± 11 0 8、15 6 8± 2 0 92和 2 5 9± 3 5 7(P <0 0 5 ) ,而酸反流差异无显著性 ,随着反流性食管炎的程度加重DGER发生率增高 ;18 2 %的NERD患者存在单纯DGER ,联合胆汁监测可使NERD诊断阳性率由 6 5 9%升高到 84 1%。结论　DGER可以单独发生 ,在引起反流性食管黏膜损伤或症状方面都有作用 ,2 4h食管 pH和胆汁联合监测有助于NERD的诊断。     

Bowel symptoms in nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease: nature, prevalence, and relation to acid reflux

BACKGROUND: Nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD) patients frequently show features of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). AIMS: To investigate the prevalence and intensity of bowel symptoms and their relationship to esophageal acid exposure in NERD patients. METHODS: Bowel and reflux symptoms and IBS status were assessed in NERD patients (normal upper endoscopy; esophageal pH <4 for >or= 5% of the time on 24-h pH monitoring; n=326), in relation to nonpatient controls. Bowel symptoms were scored on the 3 scales: diarrhea, constipation, and pain/gas symptoms. RESULTS: NERD and age were independently associated with bowel symptoms. NERD patients scored significantly higher than controls on all bowel scales. In a multivariate analysis, the scores on the pain/gas scale were independently associated with NERD. In NERD patients, reflux symptoms independently predicted the bowel symptoms while acid exposure did not. Forty-nine percent of the NERD patients and 18% of the controls met the criteria for IBS [IBS(+)NERD]. IBS(+)NERD patients scored significantly higher than those not meeting IBS criteria [IBS(-)] on all bowel scales. Yet IBS(-) patients scored significantly higher than controls on the scales of constipation and pain/gas. IBS(+)NERD patients scored higher than IBS(-) also on the GERD symptoms scale. CONCLUSIONS: (1) NERD patients scored significantly higher than controls on all the bowel scales; (2) Bowel symptoms were associated with reflux symptom scores, but not with acid exposure. (3) The presence of IBS features in a large proportion of NERD patients reflects a high prevalence of visceral hypersensitivity that may aggravate acid reflux symptoms.     

Belching during gastroscopy and its association with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Belching may result from transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation; therefore, it has been proposed that belching may be a manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of belching during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and its association with GERD. A retrospective review was performed on prospectively collected clinical and endoscopic data from 404 subjects who underwent EGD without sedation from December 2012 to May 2013 in a training hospital in Korea. All detectable belching events during endoscopy were counted. Frequency and severity of belching events were compared between the group with and without GERD using an ordinal logistic regression model. There were 145 GERD patients (26 erosive reflux disease and 119 nonerosive reflux disease [NERD]). In the multivariable analysis, GERD was significantly associated with a higher frequency of belching events (odds ratio = 6.59, P < 0.001). Central obesity, female, and younger age were also risk factors for frequent belching during EGD. Subgroup analyses were performed in subjects without erosive reflux disease (n = 378) and NERD (n = 293). NERD was also a predictive factor for frequent belching during EGD (odds ratio = 6.61, P < 0.001), and the frequency of belching was significantly correlated with GERD severity according to the Los Angeles classification (P < 0.05). Frequent belching during EGD was associated with GERD, including NERD. Future research should focus on its adjuvant role in the diagnosis of GERD/NERD and the necessity for applying differentiated endoscopy strategies for GERD patients, leading to less discomfort during EGD in patients at risk for intolerability.