血清TNF-α、IL-6、TGF-β1水平与心力衰竭的关系探讨

目的 研究充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)的水平,以及抗心力衰竭治疗前后上述细胞因子水平的变化,探讨细胞因子和心功能的关系.方法 选择56例CHF患者和30例健康体检者,按美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)标准对CHF患者进行心功能分级.56例CHF患者入院后均常规给予洋地黄制剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、β受体阻滞剂和利尿剂等治疗.TNF-α、IL-6、TGF-β1采用ELISA方法检测,CHF患者于入院第2天和抗心力衰竭治疗15 d后空腹采血,健康体检者清晨空腹采血.应用彩色多普勒超声心动图测定治疗前后CHF患者和健康体检者的左室射血分数(LVEF),分析心功能改变与细胞因子的相关性.结果 CHF患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、TGF-β1较对照组明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),其水平随心功能恶化而升高,尤其在心功能Ⅳ级组升高最明显.CHF患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、TGF-β1与LVEF呈显著负相关(r1=-0.58,r2=-0.61,r3=-0.59,P均<0.01).不同病因CHF患者TNF-α、IL-6、TGF-β1水平差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 CHF患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、TGF-β1水平与心功能密切相关,与CHF病因无关.TNF-α、IL-6及TGFβ1可以作为判断CHF患者病情轻重、治疗效果和预后的独立预测因子.     

健心汤对心力衰竭患者血清细胞因子网络和神经内分泌的影响

为探讨充血性心力衰竭患者(CHF)血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET-1)、心钠素(ANP)的改变及健心汤的临床效应。将66例CHF患者随机分为试验组和对照组。对照组采用常规治疗,试验组在常规治疗的基础上加用益气温阳、活血利水中药健心汤。两组疗程均为四周。在治疗前后测定TNF-α、IL-6、NO、ET-1、ANP和心功能的变化。结果:治疗后两组血清TNF-α、IL-6、NO、ET-1、ANP水平均明显下降(P<0.05,或P<0.01),且试验组较对照组降低更为显著(P<0.05)。治疗后两组心功能均有明显改善(P<0.05,或P<0.01)。提示健心汤可能通过调控细胞因子的水平、减轻机体神经内分泌的过度激活,起到防止和逆转心室重构,改善心功能的作用。     

米力农对洋地黄类及利尿剂应用效果不佳的慢性心力衰竭急性发作治疗的临床研究

目的:探讨米力农对洋地黄类及利尿剂效果不佳的慢性心力衰竭急性发作的应用价值。方法:选取洋地黄类及利尿剂效果不佳的慢性心力衰竭急性发作患者120例,随机分为两组。对照组予以常规强心、利尿扩血管心力衰竭干预方案,研究组在常规治疗基础上予以米力农治疗,治疗前后血清神经激素因子、炎症因子指标,心功能。结果:与治疗前比,两组治疗后血清NTproBNP、NE、ET-1含量降低,NO含量升高,血清TNF-α、IL-6、Hs-CRP含量降低,LVEF、CI升高,LVEDD、CTR降低(P<0.05);与对照组比,研究组治疗后血清NT-proBNP、NE、ET-1含量较低,NO含量较高,血清TNF-α、IL-6、Hs-CRP含量较低,LVEF、CI较高,LVEDD、CTR较低(P<0.05);对照组有效率(66.67%)低于研究组有效率(86.67%,P<0.05)。结论:米力农对洋地黄类及利尿剂效果不佳的慢性心力衰竭急性发作疗效确切,显著降低神经激素因子和炎症因子,提高心功能。     

血清TNF-α、IL-6、BNP水平检测在COPD合并肺心病心力衰竭患者病情评估中的应用

目的分析血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、脑钠肽(BNP)水平检测在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并肺心病心力衰竭患者病情评估中的应用价值。方法选取确山县人民医院2014年3月至2016年12月收治的COPD合并肺心病心力衰竭患者68例作为观察组。另选取同期门诊健康体检者68例作为对照组。对比两组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、BNP水平变化。结果观察组血清TNF-α、IL-6、BNP水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组随着心功能等级增加,TNF-α、IL-6、BNP也随之升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 COPD合并肺心病心力衰竭患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、BNP呈高表达状态,且随着病情严重程度增加而升高,可为临床病情评估提供参考。     

慢性心力衰竭患者细胞因子的变化及阿托伐他汀的干预研究

目的观察慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清TNF-α和IL-6水平的变化及短期应用阿托伐他汀对其的影响。方法采用放射免疫分析法,对50例CHF患者和30例健康体检者采集空腹静脉血测定TNF-α、IL-6水平。将CHF患者随机分成阿托伐他汀组和常规治疗组,治疗4周,重复上述检测。结果血清TNF-α和IL-6水平在CHF组明显高于正常对照组(均P<0.01)。CHF组血清TNF-α、IL-6水平与左室射血分数(LVEF)呈显著负相关(均P<0.05)。经4周治疗后阿托伐他汀组与常规治疗组比较血清TNF-α和IL-6水平降低更明显(P<0.01);阿托伐他汀组LVEF升高比常规治疗组更明显(P<0.05)。结论(1)CHF患者血清TNF-α和IL-6水平明显增高,且与LVEF呈负相关。(2)短期应用阿托伐他汀可以降低CHF患者的TNF-α和IL-6水平,改善心功能,其作用机制考虑可能与他汀类药物的抗炎作用有部分关系。     

燥湿化痰方药对痰湿壅肺证慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者细胞因子的影响

目的:基于燥湿化痰方药治疗AECOPD痰湿壅肺证临床疗效基础,通过检测治疗前后患者外周血中白介素8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的水平变化,进而探讨燥湿化痰方药治疗AECOPD痰湿壅肺证的作用机制。方法:选取符合入选标准的病例60例,随机分为2组。两组分别于治疗前及疗程结束后留取血清测定IL-8、TNF-α、ICAM-1水平,留取血浆测定ET-1、CGRP含量,并与健康组对照。结果:治疗后,两组TNF-α、ICAM-1、IL-8及ET-1水平均明显降低(P<0.01、P<0.05),CGRP水平明显升高(P<0.01);试验组治疗后TNF-α、ICAM-1、IL-8及ET-1水平的降低较对照组显著(P<0.05),CGRP升高较对照组明显(P<0.05)。结论:IL-8、TNF-α、ICAM-1、ET-1、CGRP细胞因子参与COPD的急性加重和形成,燥湿化痰方药能够降低AECOPD的TNF-α、ICAM-1、IL-8、ET-1高水平表达,升高CGRP表达水平,可能是燥湿化痰方药治疗AECOPD发挥临床疗效的作...     

萘哌地尔对慢性心力衰竭患者神经内分泌的影响

目的: 观察萘哌地尔治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者时对神经内分泌的影响.方法: 放射免疫法测定47例CHF患者(CHF组)与24例健康者(对照组)血肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、肾上腺髓质素(Adm)、神经肽Y(NPY)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、A型利钠肽(ANP)、B型利钠肽(BNP)和C型利钠肽(CNP)的水平,超声心动图测定左室射血分数(LVEF).CHF组再随机分为:常规治疗组(A组)24例,给予常规心衰治疗;萘哌地尔治疗组(B组)23例,在A组药物治疗基础上加服萘哌地尔,1月后重复上述测定.结果: (1)CHF患者血TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6,ET-1,Adm,NPY,ANP,BNP,CNP水平均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),而CGRP水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);(2)A组和B组治疗前后比较,血TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6,ET-1,Adm,NPY,ANP,BNP, CNP水平均显著降低(P＜0.01),而CGRP水平增高(P＜0.01);(3)B组治疗后与A组治疗后比较,TNF-α,ET-1,ANP,BNP降低更明显(P＜0.05), NPY水平下降更显著(P＜0.01), 而CGRP水平升高更明显(P＜0.05), NYHA分级改善更明显(P＜0.05),但IL-1,IL-6,Adm,CNP和LVEF无显著差异(P＞0.05).(4)LVEF与TNF-α,IL-6,ET-1,BNP呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论: TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6,ET-1,Adm,NPY,CGRP,ANP,BNP和CNP可能与CHF发生发展有关,萘哌地尔治疗可能进一步降低CHF患者TNF-α,ET-1,ANP,BNP,NPY水平和提高CGRP水平并改善临床症状.     

老年全身炎症反应综合征患者肱动脉血管舒张功能的变化

目的 探讨血管内皮舒张功能在全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS) 老年患者中的变化.方法 选择82 例SIRS 老年患者,分为生存组(n=58) 和死亡组(n=24),同时选择22 例非SIRS 老年患者作为对照,分别检测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、血浆内皮素-1(ET-1) 和C 反应蛋白(CRP),并采用高分辨血管外超声法检测肱动脉介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD) 和硝酸甘油介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能(NMD).结果 SIRS 组中TNF-α、IL-1、ET-1、CRP 明显升高,差异有统计学意义,在死亡组中,上述指标较生存组高(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).SIRS 组FMD 较对照组显著降低(2.21±0.18 vs 2.80±0.21,P<0.01),且死亡组中FMD 较生存组降低.SIRS 组NMD 较对照组明显增加(P<0.01),但死亡组中NMD 较生存组下降(P<0.01).TNF-α、IL-1、ET-1、CRP 与内皮依赖性血管舒张功能呈负相关(P<0.01).结论 SIRS 患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD) 明显受损,受损程度与病情严重程度相关.     

阿魏酸哌嗪片对老年慢性肺心病右心衰竭合并高尿酸血症右心功能、动脉血气及血管内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨对应用阿魏酸哌嗪片联合常规治疗老年慢性肺心病右心衰竭合并高尿酸(UA)血症的治疗效果对血管内皮功能、右心功能的影响。方法：以掷币法将本院127例老年慢性肺心病右心衰竭合并高UA血症患者分为两组,对照组63例行常规疗法,观察组64例联合阿魏酸哌嗪片持续治疗2个月。对比患者治疗前、后血管内皮功能、动脉血气指标、右心功能及安全性。结果:治疗后,两组PASP、E/A及不良反应发生情况无统计学差异(P>0.05),观察组TAPSE、PaO₂及NO高于对照组,RVMPI、PaCO₂、ET-1水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:阿魏酸哌嗪片可改善慢性肺心病高UA血症合并右心衰竭老年患者的血管内皮和右心功能,安全有效,值得应用。     

曲美他嗪对不稳定心绞痛患者内皮功能及炎症因子水平的影响

目的:观察曲美他嗪(TMZ)对不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者内皮素(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法:不稳定心绞痛患者82例,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组接受常规抗心绞痛治疗,观察组在此基础上加用曲美他嗪片20 mg/次,每日3次,共12 w。治疗前、后抽取患者空腹静脉血保存备用。检测血浆中ET-1、NO、TNF-α和IL-6等细胞因子的表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,观察组患者血浆中ET-1、TNF-α和IL-6水平下降以及NO的升高更明显(P<0.05)。结论:采用TMZ治疗能改善UA患者的内皮功能,强化抗炎作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.