钛网融合器与自体髂骨植骨在胸腰椎爆裂骨折前路手术中的应用比较研究

目的比较研究胸腰椎爆裂骨折前路手术应用钛网融合器与自体髂骨植骨后临床与影像学长期结果,比较二者椎间隙高度变化与程度并评价神经功能恢复情况。方法对56例分别采用钛网融合器植骨和自体髂骨植骨的患者进行随访,时间6～24个月,平均13.6个月,根据伸屈位X线片有无活动及骨性连接判断是否骨性融合,同时测量椎间隙高度的变化并根据患者主诉及查体判断神经恢复情况。结果随访的56例均获得了骨性融合,融合率100%,融合时间6～14个月,平均9个月,应用钛网椎间植骨的26例中21例出现椎间隙塌陷,发生率80.8%,椎间隙高度变化在(3.9±1.8)mm,髂骨椎间植骨的30例中25例出现椎间隙塌陷,发生率83.3%,椎间隙高度变化在(3.8±1.9)mm。获骨性融合时椎间隙高度再无明显变化。所有患者神经功能情况按Frankel分级均有、级以上的改善。结论应用钛网融合器与取自体髂骨植骨在胸腰椎爆裂骨折前路手术治疗效果上无显著差异。     

三种融合材料在TLIF手术治疗腰椎滑脱中融合作用的研究

目的比较在TLIF手术中使用自体髂骨、同种异体骨融合器、PEEKCage对术后融合率、椎间隙高度和临床疗效的差异。方法对38例腰椎滑脱行TLIF手术,根据不同的融合材料分为自体髂骨组(A组),同种异体骨融合器组(B组)和PEEK cage组(C组)。比较三组在不同时期的融合效果、椎间隙高度、JOA评分等情况。结果术后1周椎间隙高度和JOA评分在三组间无统计学差异(P0.05),三组术后椎间隙高度均有不同程度的丢失,以A组丢失明显。术后2年B组和C组JOA评分较A组高,差异有统计学差义。结论在TLIF手术中应用同种异体骨融合器和PEEK cage具有相似的疗效,均优于自体髂骨,可根据患者的实际情况选择。     

后路椎弓根内固定联合cage椎间融合器与髂骨块椎间融合治疗腰椎不稳症

目的：比较在双侧椎弓根内固定情况下,应用cage椎间融合器行椎间融合与传统髂骨块植骨椎间融合治疗腰椎不稳症的临床效果。方法：78例椎间融合内固定术治疗的腰椎不稳症患者,在双侧椎弓根内固定和椎管减压的基础上,42例行cage融合器椎体间植骨（A组,植骨仅用减压时取下的松质骨）,36例取自体髂骨块行椎体间植骨（B组）。观察比较两组患者的症状改善率、椎间隙高度及腰椎生理前凸角的变化、植骨融合率和术后并发症的情况。结果：78例患者获得12~48个月随访,术前和术后2周的椎间隙高度、腰椎生理前凸角比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,症状改善。A组优良率92.86%,B组72.22%（P〈0.05）;植骨融合率A组95.24%,B组83.33%（P〈0.05）。结论：两种方式治疗腰椎不稳症,均能有效的恢复腰椎的稳定性,cage椎体间融合在症状改善、椎间融合率、椎间隙高度及腰椎生理前凸角的维持、并发症的发生方面比髂骨块植骨椎间融合有较明显的优势。     

腰椎峡部裂滑脱后路复位内固定不同植骨融合方法的疗效比较

目的对比腰椎峡部裂滑脱三种植骨融合方法的疗效。方法腰椎峡部裂滑脱76例,横突间植骨(A组)22例,椎体间髂骨植骨(B组)29例及融合器植入(C组)25例。比较三组术前、术后及随访时椎间隙高度、优良率、融合率及滑脱率。结果A组优良率为86.4%,融合率为81.8%。B组优良率为93.1%,融合率为89.7%。C组优良率为92.0%,融合率为92.0%。B、C两组术后、随访时椎间高度及滑脱矫正度的维持均比A组好,随访时滑脱率B、C两组也比A组低(P<0.05)。结论椎体间髂骨植骨及椎间融合器应用比横突间植骨融合率及优良率高,椎间高度及滑脱矫正度的维持亦优于后者。     

两种前路减压融合术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的比较

目的对前路颈椎间盘切除减压的碳纤维椎间融合器(cage)植入术与自体髂骨块植骨加钛板固定术治疗单节段颈椎间盘突出症(CDH)进行临床疗效及影像学评估。方法需要手术治疗的单节段CDH患者60例,其中前路减压cage植入术31例,自体髂骨块植骨加钛板固定术29例。术前、术后及随访期间摄X线片,比较两组病例的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、症状改善率、融合时间、融合率、融合节段椎体间高度的维持情况。结果cage植入术较自体髂骨块植骨加钛板固定术手术时间短,出血少(P<0.01)。两组融合节段椎体间高度较术前均明显改善(P<0.01)。两组间症状改善率、融合率无统计学意义(P>0.05)。cage植入术较自体髂骨块植骨加钛板固定术并发症少。结论cage植入术和自体髂骨块植骨加钛板固定术都是前路减压治疗单节段CDH的重要而有效的方法。而cage植入术在减小手术创伤的同时,可以获得同样的临床效果,是治疗单节段CDH理想的术式之一。     

后路椎间融合术治疗成人腰椎滑脱的前瞻性研究

目的前瞻性比较采用自体髂骨块和椎间融合器治疗成人腰椎滑脱的效果。方法自1998年2月～2002年2月治疗78例腰椎滑脱患者,所有患者均行椎弓根螺钉固定、后路椎间融合术,根据椎间融合材料的不同,前瞻性将患者随机分为融合器组36例(采用后方斜向单枚椎间融合器)和自体骨组42例(采用自体髂骨块)。男33例,女45例;年龄35～59岁,平均43岁。其中Ⅰ度滑脱29例,Ⅱ度滑脱39例,Ⅲ度滑脱10例。比较两组患者的基本情况、临床效果和影像学结果(融合率和手术节段椎间隙高度的变化)。结果术后随访2年～3年7个月,平均35个月。两组在性别、年龄、滑脱程度、手术时间、失血量以及住院时间上差异无显著性,两组患者均无严重并发症。融合器组优良率为88.8%,自体骨组为83.2%(P=0.99)。术后1年融合器组的融合率为86.1%,自体骨组为83.3%,两组间差异无显著性意义(P=0.87);最终随访时椎间隙高度融合器组平均减少1.7 mm,自体骨组平均减少2.6 mm,两组间差异有非常显著性意义(t=1.38,P< 0.005)。结论采用自体骨为植骨材料者术后椎间隙高度丢失明显增加,但两组之间融合率和临床优良率差异无显著性。椎间融合器和自体髂骨块均可以作为腰椎滑脱后路椎间融合的植骨材料,临床疗效好。     

椎间融合器与单纯椎间植骨法治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症的疗效分析

目的探讨椎弓根螺钉系统固定结合椎间融合器(cage)和椎弓根螺钉系统固定结合椎间单纯植骨融合在治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症中的临床疗效。方法对60例退变性腰椎滑脱症采用后路椎弓根螺钉系统固定,根据椎间融合方法不同,分为A组(cage融合器组)和B组(单纯椎间植骨组)。结果两组临床疗效比较差异具有显著性意义(P=0.032)。A组融合率为92.12%,B组为81.04%,两组间比较有显著性差异(P=0.043)。术后第1天,A组椎间隙高度平均为(12.8±1.3)mm,B组为(12.1±1.5)mm,两组比较无显著性差异(P0.05);术后2年时A组为(11.0±0.6)mm,B组为(9.5±0.7)mm,两组椎间高度丢失率比较有显著性差异(P=0.006)。结论在椎弓根螺钉系统固定的基础上,采用椎间融合器融合治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症在临床疗效、植骨融合率和维持椎间隙高度方面均优于椎间单纯植骨。     

两种植骨方式及材料治疗腰椎滑脱的疗效比较

目的：比较采用两种植骨方式及材料进行植骨融合治疗的腰椎滑脱患者的手术疗效。方法：对326腰椎滑脱患者行后路切复植骨融合内固定术,其中获得2年随访的268例,根据植骨方式及材料分为4组,A1组：PLIF（椎间cage）;A2组：PLIF（椎间自体骨）;B1组：PCF（椎间cage）;B2组：PCF（椎间自体骨）。比较手术时间、融合率,复位丢失率,椎间隙高度及临床症状改善情况。结果：根据术前、术后JOA评分显示,四组均可以明显改善临床症状,各组间手术时间,出血量之间差异有显著性意义。植骨后6个月随访,环形植骨（椎间自体骨）组的植骨融合率显著高于其他各组（P〈0．05）,12个月随访各组植骨融合率差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。环形植骨融合组的复位丢失率小于椎问植骨融合组,而椎间融合器组的椎间隙高度丢失较小。结论：各组方法均是治疗腰椎滑脱的有效术式,环形融合（椎间自体骨）短期内可取得较高的植骨融合率,长期观察复位丢失率较低。     

单枚与双枚椎间融合器治疗退行性腰椎不稳症疗效比较

目的比较植入单枚T—PLUS椎间融合器与传统双枚椎间融合器（cage）治疗退行性腰椎不稳症的疗效。方法2008年1月至2011年12月．27例有双下肢神经症状的退行性腰椎不稳症患者。其中男14例,女13例;年龄45-67岁,平均53-＋3．2岁。随机分为两组,均采用椎间孔入路（Transforaminallumbarinterbodyfusion,TLIF）分别植入单枚T-PLUS融合器（A组,n=12）和传统双枚cage（B组,n=15）结合椎弓根螺钉系统．进行减压、复位、内固定、椎体间植骨融合等治疗。27例均获随访,时间8-22个月,平均15±2．5个月。术后分别比较手术操作时间、术中失血量及术后植骨融合率、椎间隙高度变化等,并进行下腰疼JOA评分。结果A组中1例于术后第2天开始出现下肢放射痛,1周后症状逐渐缓解。2组患者植骨融合率、椎间高度丢失、JOA评分均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,而手术操作时间、术中失血量方面有统计学差异（P〈0．05）．结论应用TLIF手术治疗腰椎不稳植入单枚T—PLUS操作简单、失血量少、费用低廉,植骨融合率及椎间隙高度恢复优于双侧植入cage。     

椎间植骨融合与加用B-Twin融合治疗下腰椎不稳

目的比较椎间单纯植骨融合与加用可膨胀式椎间融合器（B-Tw in）两种不同融合方法治疗下腰椎不稳的临床疗效。方法对按同一标准选择的36例下腰椎不稳的患者进行前瞻性研究,根据入院顺序随机分为两组。分析两组患者术后的临床疗效、植骨融合率、椎间隙高度及并发症等有无差异。应用SPSS 13.0统计软件对结果进行统计分析。结果两组病例临床疗效、植骨融合率无明显差异（P〉0.05）,但椎间隙高度有差别,椎间植骨融合组椎间隙高度丢失较多。结论自体骨与可膨胀式椎间融合器（B-Tw in）是治疗下腰椎不稳的良好融合材料。后路椎间单纯植骨融合（以下简称）治疗费用较低,无免疫排斥反应,但其术后椎间隙高度丢失较加用可膨胀式椎间融合器（以下简称B-Tw in融合）多;B-Tw in融合术后恢复较快,但治疗费用较高。     

Biodegradierbarer Cage

Bioabsorbable implants are commonplace in knee and shoulder surgery. Bioabsorbable poly(l-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (PLDLLA) cage devices have potential benefits over autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft and metallic cages for cervical spine interbody fusion. The purpose of this study was to compare interbody fusion of an autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft with that of a bioabsorbable cage using a sheep cervical spine interbody fusion model. This study was designed to determine differences in (1) the ability to preserve postoperative distraction, (2) biomechanical stability, and (3) histological characteristics of intervertebral bone matrix formation. Sixteen full-grown Merino sheep underwent C3/4 discectomy and fusion. After 12 weeks, there was no significant difference between the results with the bioabsorbable PLDLLA cages and tricortical bone grafts. The cage also did not show advanced interbody fusion but did, however, show large osteolysis, which allows skepticism regarding the value of this bioabsorbable implant.     

In vivo experimental study of hat type cervical intervertebral fusion cage (HCIFC)

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of interbody fusion achieved using the hat type cervical intervertebral fusion cage (HCIFC) with those of an autologous tricortical iliac crest graft, Harms cage and the carbon cage in a goat cervical spine model. Thirty-two goats underwent C3-4 discectomy and fusion. They were subdivided into four groups of eight goats each: group 1, autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft; group 2, Harms cage filled with autologous iliac crest graft; group 3, carbon cage filled with autologous iliac bone; and group 4, HCIFC filled with autologous iliac graft. Radiography was performed pre- and postoperatively and after one, two, four, eight and 12 weeks. At the same time points, disc space height, intervertebral angle, and lordosis angle were measured. After 12 weeks, the goats were killed and fusion sites were harvested. Biomechanical testing was performed in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending to determine the stiffness and range of motion. All cervical fusion specimens underwent histomorphological analyses. One week after operation, the disc space height (DSH), intervertebral angle (IVA) and lordosis angle (LA) of HCIFC and carbon cage were statistically greater than those of autologous iliac bone graft and Harms cage. Significantly higher values for DSH, IVA and LA were shown in cage-treated goats than in those that received bone graft over a 12-week period. The stiffness of Harms cage in axial rotation and lateral bending were statistically greater than that of other groups. Radiographic and histomorphological evaluation showed better fusion results in the cage groups than in the autologous bone group. HCIFC can provide a good intervertebral distractability and sufficient biomechanical stability for cervical fusion.     

帽式颈椎椎间融合器的活体实验研究

目的 本研究在活体山羊颈椎上从椎间支撑能力、二期生物力学稳定性及椎间融合组织学方面比较三面皮质骨、Harms椎间融合器（cage）、Carboncage及自行所研制的帽式颈椎椎间融合器（hat　type　cervical　intervertebral　fusion　cage,HCIFC）的术后效果。方法　取32头山羊随机平均分为4组：第1组自体三面皮质髂骨;第2组Harmscage;第3组Carboncage;第4组HCIFC。分别行C3,4椎间盘切除术并分别植入以上内植物。术后共观察12周并测量平均椎间高度（DSH）、椎间角（IVA）及前凸角（LA）,处死后进行影像学、生物力学及组织学评估。结果 术后1周方盒形HCIFC、Carboncage组的平均DSH、IVA及LA要显著大于垂直圆柱体Harmscage和三面皮质骨组（P〈0．05）;术后12周时3个cage组的平均DSH、IVA及LA显著高于三面皮质骨组（P〈0．05）。垂直圆柱体Harmscage轴向旋转和侧屈时平均刚度显著大于其他组（P〈0．001）,轴向旋转时的最大活动度要显著低于其他组（P〈0．05）。与三面皮质骨组相比,3个cage组的椎间融合效果略好。结论HCIFC的椎间支撑能力、生物力学性能及椎间融合效果均适合于临床使用。     

A cost analysis of bone morphogenetic protein versus autogenous iliac crest bone graft in single-level anterior lumbar fusion

An economic model was developed to compare costs of stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 on an absorbable collagen sponge versus autogenous iliac crest bone graft in a tapered cylindrical cage or a threaded cortical bone dowel. The economic model was developed from clinical trial data, peer-reviewed literature, and clinical expert opinion. The upfront price of bone morphogenetic protein (3380 dollars) is likely to be offset to a significant extent by reductions in the use of other medical resources, particularly if costs incurred during the 2 year period following the index hospitalization are taken into account.     

Experimentelle Spondylodese der Schafshalswirbelsäule Teil 1: Der Effekt des Cage-Designs auf die intervertebrale Fusion

INTRODUCTION: There has been a rapid increase in the use of interbody fusion cages as an adjunct to spondylodesis, although experimental data are lacking. A sheep cervical spine interbody fusion model was used to determine the effect of different cage design parameters (endplate-implant contact area, maximum contiguous pore) on interbody fusion. MATERIAL AND METHOD: IN VITRO EVALUATION: 24 sheep cadaver specimens (C2-C5) were tested in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending with a nondestructive flexibility method using a nonconstrained testing apparatus. Four different groups were examined: (1) control group (intact) ( n=24), (2) autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft ( n=8), (3) Harms cage ( n=8), and (4) SynCage-C ( n=8). IN VIVO EVALUATION: 24 sheep underwent C3/4 discectomy and fusion: group 1: autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft ( n=8), group 2: Harms cage filled with autologous cancellous iliac crest bone grafts ( n=8), and group 3: SynCage-C filled with autologous cancellous iliac crest bone grafts ( n=8). Radiographic scans were performed pre- and postoperatively and after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. At the same time points, disc space height (DSH), height index (HI), intervertebral angle (IVA), and endplate angle (EA) were measured. After 12 weeks the animals were killed and fusion sites were evaluated using biomechanical testing in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending. Additionally, histomorphological and histomorphometrical analyses were performed. RESULTS: Over a 12-week period the cage groups showed significantly higher values for DSH, HI, IVA, and EA compared to the bone graft. In vivo stiffness was significantly higher for the tricortical iliac crest bone graft and Harms cage than in vitro stiffness. However, there was no difference between in vitro and in vivo stiffness of the SynCage-C. Histomorphometrical evaluation showed a more progressed bone matrix formation in the Harms cage group than in both other groups. CONCLUSION: The parameter endplate-implant contact area was not able to determine subsidence of cages. In contrast, the maximum contiguous pore of a cage significantly correlates with interbody bone matrix formation inside the cage. Additionally, there was no correlation between in vitro and in vivo stiffness of interbody fusion cages. Therefore, biomechanical in vitro studies are not able to determine in vivo outcome of fusion cages. Animal experimental evaluations of interbody fusion cages are essential prior to clinical use.     

Are 2 cages needed with instrumented PLIF? A comparison of 1 versus 2 interbody cages in a military population

Bovine biomechanical data have demonstrated adequate stability of a single threaded interbody cage when combined with a unilateral facet screw during posterior lumbar disc excision and interbody fusion (PLIF). Instrumented PLIF surgery using 1 versus 2 interbody cages was studied in 35 military men with disc disease and chronic low back pain. All patients underwent instrumented PLIF with bilateral diskectomy and partial facetectomy, pedicle screws, autogenous iliac crest bone graft, 1 or 2 interbody cages, and posterior lateral fusion. After an average of 15 months' follow-up, the 2-cage group had a higher rate of dural tear, but rates of other complications, hospital stay, fusion rates, pain levels, functional outcomes, and patient satisfaction were good and did not differ between groups. Costs were higher for the 2-cage group by 1728 dollars per patient.     

Evaluation of the 96/4 PLDLLA polymer resorbable lumbar interbody cage in a long term animal model

Arthrodesis using interbody cages has demonstrated high fusion rates. However, permanent cages are exposed to stress-shielding, corrosion, and may require explanation when necessary. Polylactic acid (PLA) bioresorbable cages are developed for avoiding these problems, but significant tissue reaction has been reported with 70/30 PLDLLA in some preclinical animal studies. The objective was to evaluate 96/4 PLDLLA cages in a sheep model over 3 years. Sixteen sheeps underwent one level anterior lumbar interbody fusion using 96/4 PLDLLA cages, filled and surrounded with cancellous bone graft from the iliac crest. Six groups of three animals were killed after 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 36 months. Harvested lumbar spine had radiographic, MRI, and CT evaluation and histological analysis. Histological results: cage swelling and slight signs of fragmentation associated to fibrocartilaginous tissue apposition at 3 months; bone remodeling around the cage with direct apposition of the mineralization front at 6 months; active cage degradation and complete fusion around the cage at 9 months; cage fragmentation and partial replacement by bone tissue at 12 months; bone bridges in and around the cage at 24 months; full resorption and intervertebral fusion at 36 months. Radiological results: partial arthrodesis at 3 months; definite peripheral arthrodesis at 6 months; similar aspect at 9 months; significant cage resorption at 12 months; definite inner and outer fusion at 24 months; complete cage resorption and calcification at the location of the cage at 36 months confirmed histological observations. Radiographic, CT scan, MRI, and histological data were consistent for showing progressive resorption of 96/4 PLDLLA, interbody fusion, and bone remodeling, with no significant signs of local intolerance reaction. These results are promising and suggest further development of 96/4 PLDLLA cages.     

异体复合骨环前路腰椎间融合术的实验研究

目的 比较异体复合骨环和自体髂骨块行腰椎椎间融合的实验结果。研究异体复合骨环行腰椎椎间融合的生物学特点。方法 用8只成年杂种犬,实验以犬腰椎椎间盘摘除后的椎间隙作为实验模型。分别交叉配对植入复合骨环和自体髂骨块,植入1、2、4和6个月后,每组每时间点取2只犬行X线正侧位摄片和组织学观察。结果 X线片和组织学观察见异体复合骨环愈合速度快,术后4个月弩 达到椎间融合的目的,表现出与大段同种异体骨移植不同的成骨方式,而髂骨组以常见的自体骨移植方式愈合,术后6个月,自体髂骨块与周围骨质融合。结论 复合骨环行前路腰椎椎间融合有独特的丹掺入方式,是理想的移植材料。     

同一患者应用自体骨植骨和椎间融合器行椎体间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的比较研究

背景：目前国内外公认椎体间融合术（PLIF）是治疗腰椎滑脱症的最佳手术方式,但椎间融合器的应用尚存争议。目的：比较同一患者应用自体骨植骨和椎间融合器行PLIF治疗不同节段腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法：2008年3月至2012年1月收治两节段腰椎滑脱症患者61例,两个病变节段分别应用自体骨植骨和椎间融合器行腰椎后路PLIF。术前、术后和随访期间的日本骨科学会（JOA）下腰痛功能评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）、视觉模拟评分（VAS）进行临床疗效评估;Tailland指数、Boxal指数、滑脱角、腰椎生理前凸角进行影像学疗效评估;Suk法进行椎间融合评估;测量比较各节段的椎间隙及椎间孔高度。结果：全部获得随访,随访时间为11~47个月,平均28.4个月。JOA评分治疗改善优良率为91.8%,术后JOA评分、ODI、VAS、Tailland指数、Boxal指数、滑脱角、腰椎生理前凸角均较术前明显好转（P〈0.01）,且末次随访无丢失（P〉0.05）。应用自体骨植骨的融合时间为（8.8±3.4）个月,融合率为93.4%;应用椎间融合器的融合时间为（9.4±2.9）个月,融合率为95.1%,两种椎间融合方式的融合时间及融合率相比较均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。术后各腰椎间隙前缘高度、后缘高度、平均高度及椎间孔高度均较术前明显提高（P〈0.01）,但两种椎间融合方式术前和术后的腰椎间隙前缘高度、后缘高度、平均高度及椎间孔高度相比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。自体骨植骨椎间融合方式末次随访的椎间隙前缘高度、平均高度及椎间孔高度与术后比较丢失明显（P〈0.05）。结论：两种椎间融合方式均获得良好的临床疗效及椎间融合,而椎间融合器在维持椎间高度方面表现优异,其联合前方自体骨植骨可以作为PLIF的理想椎间融合选择。