多元智能理论下的学生学习评价初探

针对传统学习评价中的弊端,本文以多元智能理论为依据,在教学中构建了多元化的学生学习评价体系,采用纸笔测验、知识应用、动手操作、活动表现四种评价模块来评价学生的学习。该评价体系的实施有助于发挥学生的潜能、提高学生学习兴趣,有利于促进学生综合素质的提高和创新精神的培养,同时还能帮助学生形成正确的情感、态度和价值观。     

护理专业化学学习评价新思路

针对传统学习评价中的弊端,本文以现代教育理论为依据,在化学学科教学中构建了体现"生物——心理——社会"医学模式理念的多元化学生学习评价体系,采用纸笔测验、知识应用、动手操作、活动表现四种评价模块来评价学生的学习。该评价体系的实施有助于发挥学生的潜能、提高学生学习兴趣,有利于促进学生综合素质的提高和创新精神的培养,同时还能帮助学生形成社会责任感和良好的职业道德观。     

中等卫护校学生学习状况评价的调查与分析

为进一步全面推进素质教育，提高学生整体素质，上海市卫护校素质教育研究课题组自行设计量表，对8所中专卫护校在校教师和在校学生进行素质教育情况调查，内容包括学生的课业负担、学习动力及学习方法、学生学习状态的评价等。结果显示，半数以上学生认为课业负担过重和偏重；择业需要是大多数学生的学习动力，教师对学生的评价与学生相比存在显著差异；许多学生希望通过社会实践来培养自己的创新能力和实践能力，因此，必须改革教学方法，注重课堂教学实效，加强学习方法的指导和学习能力的培养；教师应该重新审视和定位自己的角色，注意培养和提高学生的自主、自立、自信和自强能；重视对学生的评价和激励机制研究，建立相应的评价体系；积极创造条件，培养和爱护学生的创新意识和创新能力。     

大学英语教学中形成性评价与终结性评价相结合的应用实践研究

在大学英语评价体系中引入形成性评价手段,是对传统的终结性评价体系很好的补充。两种评价体系的有机结合,对大学英语教学起到积极的促进作用：一方面是更新了教师的教育理念和评价理念,优化教学过程;另一方面是则有助于激发学生学习动机和学习兴趣、培养学生学习策略、提高学生自主学习能力和语言综合应用能力。     

生物化学与分子生物学技术形成性考核评价体系的建立与实践

为评价形成性考核在本门课程中的作用,建立医学检验专业生物化学与分子生物学技术考核与评价体系并探讨其意义。以医学检验专业的学生对研究对象,对形成性考核内容、构成体系及评价指标在教学质量提高中的效果进行了分析和评估,结果显示形成性考核有力地提高了学生学习的积极性,有效地提高了学习的质量。本考核与评价体系对培养医学检验专业学生创新思维和创新能力具有重要意义。     

构建中医药院校学习评价体系的实践与思考

围绕提高学生学习质量,对学习质量评价体系的实践进行总结和回顾,对中医院校的学习质量评价体系的构建,提出相关的思考。     

西医院校中医学课程思政建设的探索与实践

针对目前西医院校中医学课程思政建设的现状，笔者从课程思政的内涵、课程评价体系、课程思政元素融入、德育方法等方面进行探讨，深入挖掘中医文化立德育人的内涵，提高中医学教师队伍的德育素养，优化改进课程评价体系和教学方法，充分调动学生学习中医的热情和积极性，使学生领悟到中华传统文化的博大精深，增强中医药文化自信，推动课程思政落地生根。     

发展性学习评价在护理技术课程中的应用

以多元智力理论为依据，建构护理技术课程学习评价系统，采用多种评价方法着重对学生的学习过程的知识技能和综合素质进行评价，促进学生对基础知识和基本技能的学习，而且使学生在学习态度、合作精神、组织管理能力、创新精神等方面有明显的提高。发展性学习评价对学生护理技术课程的学习起着积极的作用，能促进学生的全面发展和整体素质的提高，是一种有效的学习评价方法。     

药理学教学形成性评价体系研究?

形成性评价(formative assessment)的目的是检查教师的教学情况,帮助教师改进教学,提高教学质量,了解学生的学习效果。因此,评价的内容不是学生最后达到的水平,而是学生的进步情况。通过课程设计、小论文、PBL教学法、融会贯通、学习汇报等多种方式让学生参加进来,以改变过去的单一终结性评价,释缓学生的学习压力,提高学生的自我效能感和学习积极性,使学习过程更放松、更投入,有利于进行探索性学习,提高药理学学习的临床实用性,为寻找更为合理的药理学课程形成性评价体系打下基础。     

基于线上线下混合式教学的“三全”评价体系在组织学与胚胎学教学中的探索

目的：研究全过程、全覆盖和全方位的“三全”评价体系在组织学与胚胎学教学中的应用效果。方法：选取2018级和2019级临床医学专业学生为研究对象,从问卷调查、翻转课堂等方面了解“三全”评价体系的实施效果。结果：“三全”评价体系提高学生自主学习能力、批判性思维能力等。结论：“三全”评价体系有助于提高组织学与胚胎学的教学质量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.