拇收肌与拇囊筋膜瓣吻合治疗拇外翻

２２只拇外翻患足接受了拇囊筋膜瓣中１／３经第一跖骨头横孔与拇收肌吻合的矫形手术，经６个月￣４年的随诊，效果满意，优良率９０．９％。前足缩窄最大者达１０ｍｍ。６只足在术后３￣５个月，开始穿高跟鞋，经２￣３年随访无复发，但本术式不适用于拇外翻合并第一跖骨头关节面有倾斜者。     

手术治疗中青年女性外翻畸形

目的矫正中青年女性外翻畸形。方法经过解剖学研究，提出外翻形成的内在因素是一种“绞盘式”挤压机制。为消除这一机制，将收肌与趾的联系彻底切断，并与经第Ｉ跖骨头横孔穿行的囊筋膜瓣中１／３吻合，以起到坚强固定，直接牵拉第Ｉ跖骨头的作用。结果２０只足接受了本术式，１８只做了０．５～４年随诊，优良率１００％。结论收肌与囊筋膜瓣吻合，能有效地紧缩前足，达到兼顾美观及解除疼痛的目的。     

手术治疗中青年女性(足母)外翻畸形

目的矫正中青年女性(足母)外翻畸形。方法经过解剖学研究,提出跨外翻形成的内在因素是一种“绞盘式”挤压机制。为消除这一机制,将(足母)收肌与跨趾的联系彻底切断,并与经第1跖骨头横孔穿行的跨囊筋膜瓣中1/3吻合,以起到坚强固定,直接牵拉第Ⅰ跖骨头的作用。结果 20只足接受了本术式,18只做了0.5～4年随诊,优良率100％。结论 (足母)收肌与(足母)囊筋膜瓣吻合,能有效地紧缩前足,达到兼顾美观及解除疼痛的目的。     

Mitchell手术治疗拇外翻畸形的改进

目的采用改进的Mitchell术式矫正拇外翻畸形.方法对Mitchell术式进行改进,术中缩短第1跖骨,内侧舌状骨瓣旋后外翻嵌入截骨近端髓腔,拇收肌联合腱移位于第1跖骨头外侧,并松解第1跖趾外侧关节囊等综合整形.结果共63例(101足)应用Mitchell术式并得到2年以上的随访,总优良率达91%,疗效满意.结论本术式针对拇外翻畸形的病理解剖及其症状多方面矫正,使术后的外形和功能得到全面改善,可同时适用中老年患者.     

Mitchell手术治疗拇外翻畸形的改进

目的　采用改进的Mitchell术式矫正拇外翻畸形。方法　对Mitchell术式进行改进 ,术中缩短第 1跖骨 ,内侧舌状骨瓣旋后外翻嵌入截骨近端髓腔 ,拇收肌联合腱移位于第 1跖骨头外侧 ,并松解第 1跖趾外侧关节囊等综合整形。结果　共 63例 (1 0 1足 )应用Mitchell术式并得到 2年以上的随访 ,总优良率达 91 % ,疗效满意。结论　本术式针对拇外翻畸形的病理解剖及其症状多方面矫正 ,使术后的外形和功能得到全面改善 ,可同时适用中老年患者     

Mitchell手术治疗拇外翻畸形的改进

目的 采用改进的Mitchell术式矫正拇外翻畸形。方法 对Mitchell术式进行改进，术中缩短第1跖骨，内侧舌状骨瓣旋后外翻嵌入截骨近端髓腔，拇收肌联合腱移位于第1跖骨头外侧，并松解第1跖趾外侧关节囊等综合整形。结果 共63例（101足）应用Mitchell术式并得到2年以上的随访，总优良率达91%。疗效满意。结论 本术式针对拇外翻畸形的病理解剖及其症状多方面矫症 ，使术后的外形和功能得到全面改善，可同时适用中老年患者。     

Chevron截骨治疗中度拇外翻是否保留拇收肌的疗效分析

目的:比较Chevron截骨治疗足拇外翻术中切断拇收肌和保留拇收肌的疗效.方法:回顾性分析Chevron截骨治疗拇外翻畸形31例39足,术中拇收肌切断组15例20足(A组),保留拇收肌组1 6例19足(B组).结果:A组:拇外翻角、第1、2跖骨闻夹角分别改善(16.7±2.0)°、(5.1±0.7)°,第一跖趾关节功能评分提高(44.4±4.4),术后1足拇趾背内侧出现麻木,2足拇趾外侧麻木,1足出现跖骨头坏死,1足出现截骨端延迟愈合;B组:拇外翻角、第1、2跖骨间夹角分别改善(17.1±1.5)°、(5.6±0.8)°第一跖趾关节功能评分提高44.0±3.9,1足拇趾背内侧出现麻木.两组比较拇外翻角、第1、2跖骨间夹角差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);第一跖趾关节功能评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:Chevron截骨治疗中度足拇外翻术中切断拇收肌和保留拇收肌的临床疗效相近,但是术中切断拇收肌存在并发症增加的风险.     

收肌与囊筋膜瓣吻合治疗外翻

２２只外翻患足接受了囊筋膜瓣中１／３经第一跖骨头横孔与收肌吻合的矫形手术，经６个月～４年的随诊，效果满意，优良率９０．９％，前足缩窄最大者达１０ｍｍ。６只足在术后３～５个月，开始穿高跟鞋，经２～３年随访无复发，但本术式不适用于外翻合并第一跖骨头关节面有倾斜者     

正常足与拇外翻足的足底压力研究

目的 对正常足与拇外翻足的足底压力进行测量。方法 运用自行研制的足底生物力学测试系统对３０名健康人６０足,４５例拇外翻患者８９足进行了行走时足底压力的测试。结果 重度拇外翻组３１足和正常组相比,第一跖骨头下压力明显减低,第二跖骨头下明显增另,第三,五跖骨头下压力有增高的趋势。结论正常人前足第一跖骨关下压力最高,并向外侧递减,重度拇外翻足前足第一跖骨头下压力明显减低,第二跖骨头下压力明显增高。     

第一跖骨近端开放性截骨联合软组织手术治疗重度拇外翻

目的 探讨第一跖骨近端开放性截骨钢板内固定联合软组织手术治疗重度拇外翻的疗效.方法 自2007年4月至2009年12月共收治第1、2跖骨间夹角(IMA)大于16°的重度拇外翻患者21例(21足),均采用第1跖骨近端开放性截骨钢板内固定联合外侧关节囊松解、内侧关节囊紧缩、拇收肌松解手术治疗.测量患足负重位X线片,并采用美国足踝外科协会Maryland评分标准对疗效进行评定.结果 本组患者21例,术后随访5～36个月,无截骨不愈合或延迟愈合,无感染发生.IMA由术前的24.7°改善至术后的6.8°.Maryland评分90～100分者16足(76%),80～89分者4足(19%),70～79分者1足(5%),优良率92%.结论 第1跖骨近端开放性截骨钢板内固定联合软组织手术治疗重度拇外翻是治疗不合并拇跖关节炎的重度拇外翻的一种较理想的术式,值得临床推广.     

Hallux valgus in the younger patient: the structural abnormality.

Standardised radiographs of the weight-bearing foot were analysed in fifty young patients undergoing osteotomy of the first metatarsal for hallux valgus. True metatarsus primus varus was not found more frequently than in a control series. The intermetatarsal angle was significantly greater in affected feet compared with controls. The structural abnormality in hallux valgus in the young is therefore due to a valgus disposition of the second and subsequent metatarsals, rather than varus inclination of the first metatarsal.     

The accessory extensor tendon of the first metatarsophalangeal joint

The accessory extensor tendon of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MTPJ) was evaluated in 32 cadaver feet. Eighty-one percent of feet possessed an accessory tendon to the 1st MTPJ. Of those feet possessing an accessory tendon to the 1st MTPJ, approximately 92% originated from the extensor hallucis longus muscle-tendon unit, while approximately 8% originated from the tibialis anterior muscle-tendon unit. All accessory tendons inserted onto the dorsal/dorsomedial capsule of the 1st MTPJ. Accessory tendons were found to be bilateral in the majority (87.5%) of specimens. Differences in sex distribution of the accessory tendon of the 1st MTPJ were not statistically significant. The difference in distribution of an accessory tendon to the 1st MTPJ in those feet that demonstrated clinical hallux valgus versus those that did not demonstrate hallux valgus was not statistically significant (p = 1.0000, respectively, Fisher's exact test). This tendon is unique to the human foot (lacking in primates) and is a fairly constant structure (80%). The data presented do not lend support for the accessory tendon of the 1st MTPJ to play a role in the development of hallux valgus. At the present time, the role of this accessory tendon on the biomechanics of the 1st MTPJ remains unknown.     

Precise anatomic configuration changes in the first ray of the hallux valgus foot

To detect precise anatomical configuration of the first ray in feet with hallux valgus, a two-dimensional coordinate system was devised for evaluation of a weight-bearing dorsoplantar radiograph. The radiographs, taken from 229 feet of 114 patients with symptomatic hallux valgus and 94 normal feet, were investigated. A comparative study showed the first metatarsal head of a foot with hallux valgus was located on the medial side of that of the normal foot and the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux valgus foot was located on the same point of that of the normal foot. Lateral translation of the base of the proximal phalanx occurred only in cases with overlap toes. Our study shows that subluxation of the metatarsophalangeal joint in hallux valgus is primarily caused by metatarsus primus varus. This study indicated that first metatarsal osteotomies should be given the first priority in consideration for bunion surgery, because these procedures could move the first metatarsal heads laterally in a more normal position.     

改良McBride矫形术治疗(足母)外翻畸形

目的：探讨治疗Mu外翻的最佳手术方法。方法：在McBride矫形术的基础上，我们采用拇收肌切断不做后移固定，外侧籽骨除，第1、2跖骨关处关节囊或骨膜拉紧缝合，跖趾关节内侧舌形瓣重叠缝合，切开第1跖跗内侧关节囊，做皮下缝合切口。随访0．5－4年。结果：我们采用北医一院骨科的疗效评定方法，分优良可。优52例98足，占82％；良12例20足，占18％；可无。此组病例患无一例发生手术后并发症。结论：改良后的McBride矫形术是治疗Mu外翻畸形的最佳手术方法，它不做截骨，愈合快可早期恢复功能。     

The Syndesmosis Procedure Correction of Hallux Valgus Feet Associated With the Metatarsus Adductus Deformity

Metatarsus adductus and hallux valgus are common foot deformities. Corrective surgery of hallux valgus feet with metatarsus adductus deformity can be challenging and experience a high deformity recurrence rate. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate if the syndesmosis procedure can correct such feet satisfactorily without osteotomies and arthrodesis. 75 hallux valgus feet in 45 patients with a Sgarlato's metatarsal adductus angle ≥15° were studied after having undergone the syndesmosis procedure for an average of 20.22 months. Their average preoperative intermetatarsal angle of 12.56° was improved to 6.00° (p < .001) and metatarsophalangeal angle from 35.61° to 23.46° (p < .001) significantly. Their average American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society's clinical scores improved significantly from 56.41 to 90.53 points (p < .001). Fifty-five feet (73.33%) had preoperative metatarsal calluses, and all but 3 had a noticeable reduction in severity. Forty-one patients (91.11%) were able to return to their desired activities and footwear. All relevant raw data formed this study, including x-ray and photographic images, were submitted as Supplementary Material for online viewing and reference. Despite the possible intrinsic rigidity of metatarsus adductus forefoot, this study demonstrated that hallux valgus feet with metatarsus adductus deformity could be corrected anatomically and functionally with the soft tissue syndesmosis procedure and without correcting the preexisting metatarsus adductus deformity. This study also supports the notion that the MA deformity accentuates hallux valgus alignment preoperatively and postoperatively, and possibly all feet in general.     

第一跖列三平面截骨联合其余跖骨基底截骨治疗中重度跖内收型■外翻的早期疗效

目的探讨第1跖列三平面截骨联合其余跖骨基底截骨治疗中重度跖内收型[足母]外翻的早期疗效。方法2012年2月-2016年9月,收治10例(12足)中重度跖内收型[足母]外翻患者。男1例(2足),女9例(10足);年龄21~55岁,平均34.5岁。病程3~10年,平均5.8年。根据改良Sgarlato测量法对跖内收分度:中度4足、重度8足。术前美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)评分为(46.4±9.3)分;跖内收角(metatarsus adductus angle,MAA)为(25.41±3.66)°,[足母]外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)为(41.42±9.67)°,第1-2跖骨间角(first-second intermetatarsal angle,1-2IMA)为(10.72±2.26)°。采用第1跖列三平面截骨联合其余跖骨基底截骨以及外侧软组织松解术治疗。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间18~24个月,平均21.4个月。1例(1足)术后出现转移性跖痛,对症处理后症状消失。X线片复查示截骨部位均愈合,愈合时间为2.4~3.2个月,平均2.8个月。末次随访时,MAA为(8.42±0.71)°、HVA为(13.29±1.03)°、1-2IMA为(4.41±0.48)°,AOFAS评分为(89.8±5.9)分,均较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。结论第1跖列三平面截骨联合其余跖骨基底截骨治疗中重度跖内收型[足母]外翻,可获得较好早期疗效。     

Reliability of metatarsus adductus angle and correlation with hallux valgus

BackgroundMetatarsus adductus is a common congenital foot deformity. Variable prevalence values were reported using different techniques in different populations.Numerous radiological measurements have been proposed to assess this deformity with a paucity of studies reporting the reliability of these methods.The metatarsus adductus angle was shown to correlate with the severity of hallux abductovalgus in normal feet and preselected populations of juvenile hallux valgus.Materials and methodsWeight bearing dorsoplantar radiographs of 150 feet were examined for 5 angles commonly used in assessing metatarsus adductus: angle between the second metatarsus and the longitudinal axis of the lesser tarsus (using the 4th or 5th metatarso-cuboid joint as a reference), Engel's angle and modified Engle's angle. The prevalence of metatarsus adductus was assessed according to published criteria for different techniques. Inter and intra-observer reliabilities of these angles were evaluated on 50 X-rays. Linear regression tests were used to assess the correlation between hallux valgus and different angles used in assessing metatarsus adductus.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients were high for intra- as well as inter-observer reliability for the 5 angles tested. Prevalence of metatarsus adductus ranged (45–70%) depending on the angle used in the same population. Only the metatarsus adductus angle using the 4th metatarso-cuboid joint as a reference demonstrated significant correlation between metatarsus adductus and hallux abductovalgus angles.ConclusionFive techniques commonly used in assessing metatarsus adductus demonstrated high inter and intra-observer reliability values. Prevalence of metatarsus adductus and the correlation between the severity of this deformity and hallux valgus angle is sensitive to the assessment method.     

Hallux valgus in men. Part II: First ray mobility after bunionectomy and factors associated with hallux valgus deformity

PURPOSE: To determine the 1st ray mobility following a distal soft-tissue procedure with proximal osteotomy (DSTP-PMO) and any associated factors. METHODS: A retrospective study of 30 men (35 feet) was performed. First ray mobility, ankle dorsiflexion, pes planus, and metatarsus adductus were evaluated at the final follow-up. All internal fixation was routinely removed at six to eight weeks postoperatively. Standard radiographs were evaluated and angular measurements were calculated on all feet. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 78 months. No cases of degenerative arthritis of the 1st MTC joint were noted on follow-up radiographs. DSTP-PMO resulted in a mean postoperative 1st ray mobility of 4.9 mm (range, 2.5 to 8). In those feet evaluated following bunion correction, there was no correlation with pes planus, limited ankle dorsiflexion or metatarsus adductus. The preoperative hallux valgus angle and 1-2 intermetatarsal angle correlated with toe pronation and a positive family history. Twenty-two patients had an AOFAS score of 90-100, seven of 80-89 and one less than 69. CONCLUSION: Hallux valgus in this group of male patients was not associated with limited ankle dorsiflexion or pes planus. Men with toe pronation and a positive family history had a greater hallux valgus deformity than those without after a distal soft tissue repair with proximal first metatarsal osteotomy. There was no evidence of first ray hypermobility after a DSTP-PMO.