Third accessory (supernumerary) intrathoracic right rib

Intrathoracic ribs are very rare congenital anomaly. We report a case of a third accessory intrathoracic rib located anterior to the normally developed right third rib in a 37-year-old man. Chest X-ray was not diagnostic. Multidetector computed tomography with 3D reconstructions was required for definitive diagnosis. These anomalies are usually clinically silent and detected incidentally by imaging studies. They should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of thoracic pathologies.     

3支副肝动脉变异1例

肝的营养动脉来自肝固有动脉，在肝门处分左、右支入肝．而有关副肝动脉的报道亦不少。其中副肝动脉出现率11％～25％，通常发自胃左动脉，副肝右动脉出现率较低，为8％～12％，通常发自肠系膜上动脉，但同时出现副肝左动脉和副肝右动脉的情况极为少见，尚未有出现3支副肝动脉的报道。作者在解剖一老年女性标本时，发现有2支副肝左动脉及1支副肝右动脉，现报道如下：     

副半奇静脉变异1例

作者在解剖一11岁男性小孩标本时,发现其副半奇静脉行程及收集范围异常,现报道如下：     

Non-syndromic multiple supernumerary teeth in a family unit with a normal karyotype: case report

Introduction. Hyperdontia is an odontostomatologic anomaly characterized by an excess in tooth number. It seems to occur more often in patients with hereditary factors concerning this anomaly: this case represents a rare form of hyperdontia, with bilateral multiple supernumerary teeth, with evident penetrance of the phenotype in the family unit engaged in the present study. The karyotype determination excludes a pathogenesis on chromosomal basis.Case report. A 30 years old patient came to our observation with five impacted teeth (1.8, 2.8, 3.8, 4.7 and 4.8), as well as with the presence of an impacted supernumerary tooth (distomolar 4.9). The patient was suggested to allow us to perform a radiologic screening to his two sisters aged 17 and 13 years.The X-ray photography showed that the elder sister had nine impacted teeth; these were 1.8 - 1.9 - 2.8 - 2.9 - 2.10 - 3.8 - 3.9 - 4.8 - 4.9; while the youngest sister had four impacted teeth, that is 1.8 - 1.9 - 2.8 - 2.9.Conclusions. The value of the present case report can be used as a paradigm for the assessment of the hereditary factors predisposing the onset of hyperdontia, and for the consequent management by oral surgeon of family units in which the odontostomatologic anomaly was detected without any syndromic forms.     

Lochiauria: a new entity--(a case report)

Passage of menstrual blood only in the urine is termed as menouria, which is due to a supraisthmic utero-vesical fistula. Passage of lochia in the urine, instead of through the cervix has not been described in the literature. A case is described, and has been labelled lochiauria.     

27颊侧罕见多生牙尖的CBCT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的　利用锥形束CT（Cone Beam Computer Tomography,CBCT）确诊27颊侧多生牙尖1例,并对其鉴别诊断、发生机制及CBCT的临床应用特点进行分析。 方法　本文根据口腔临床一般检查、口腔局部X线片并结合CBCT对患牙进行确诊;对多生牙尖、融合牙、双生牙、结合牙各自的特点及鉴别要点分析讨论。 结果　根据口腔临床一般检查、口腔局部X线片, 特别是应用CBCT确诊了1例左上第2磨牙颊侧多生牙尖。 结论　口腔辅助检查是临床上确诊口腔颌面部疾病的必要手段。CBCT具有扫描时间短、辐射剂量小、扫描灵活、分辨率高等优点,提高了各类口腔疾病的诊疗水平。     

Ansa cervicalis as a variant of spinal accessory nerve plexus: a case report

The ansa cervicalis is a neural loop in the neck formed by the union of two main nerve roots, namely superior and inferior roots, derived from ventral rami of the cervical nerves. With the expanding use of the ansa cervicalis for reinnervation procedures and the fact that it is located in the vicinity of major nerves and vessels of the neck, knowledge of the topography and morphology of this loop is quite necessary in the modern era. Any variation in the course, contributing roots or branching pattern of the ansa cervicalis, potentially alters and perhaps complicates the course of the procedures involving this nerve such as neurorrhaphy, skull base surgery, neck dissection, and anterior cervical spinal approach. Here, we present an unusual case of an ansa cervicalis encountered upon routine dissection of an adult male cadaver. In this case, the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis was formed by the joining of two rootlets, one originating from spinal accessory nerve and the other from a branch of the cervical plexus to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The fibers traversing the branch of spinal accessory nerve were derived from the first segments of the cervical spinal cord. This case demonstrates a variant of the spinal accessory nerve plexus that contributed to the formation of the ansa cervicalis. Review of the literature was performed to reveal the possible clinical aspects of this anatomical variation.     

Absence of the musculocutaneous nerve associated with a supernumerary head of biceps brachii: a case report

Unusual neural and muscular variations in the right upper limb were noted during anatomical dissection of a 54-year-old male cadaver. The absence of the musculocutaneous nerve was correlated with a three-headed biceps brachii muscle. The distribution of muscular branches innervating the anterior compartment of the muscles of the arm was different to the cases described in literature hitherto. This report contains a comparison of various instances where the musculocutaneous nerve is absent. We discuss the embryological explanation for this anomaly and its clinical results. It is important to be aware of such possible anatomical variations during clinical practice.     

Ileal endometriosis (a case report)

A case of endometriosis involving small bowel is reported here. It is the first case reported at our institution in the last 10 years period.